What are the benefits of cultivating self-compassion in adults with low back pain? A systematic review

IntroductionLow back pain is one of the most prevalent public health problems in the world, generating psychosocial impacts on quality of life and a high demand for medical care. Self-compassion may be beneficial for low back pain control, however, studies in the area are scarce. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the benefits of self-compassion-related interventions on low back pain and mental health in adults.MethodsThe review protocol was registered in PROSPERO and the method was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted using the keywords “self-compassion” and “low back pain” in Portuguese, English, and Spanish in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Additional searches were also conducted through the references of the included studies.ResultsThirty-three articles were identified and analyzed by two independent reviewers using Rayyan. Four of these studies were included. RoB 2 was used to assess the risk of bias of each study. The main findings suggest that self-compassion-related interventions demonstrate benefits in the treatment of low back pain, as well as reduction in pain intensity, psychological stress, and improvement of pain acceptance.DiscussionHowever, these positive data must be analyzed carefully, as only two studies presented a low risk of bias. Despite growing interest in this field, more research self-compassion-related interventions for low back pain are suggested, since biopsychosocial aspects associated with low back pain can impact the outcome of treatment.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022376341)

Effet de la somatostatine sur la contraction bronchique chez l homme

Des études animales réalisées chez le furet et le lapin ont montré que la somatostatine modulait la contraction bronchique déclenchée par la stimulation du contingent parasympathique du système nerveux autonome. Nous avons étudié l effet modulateur d un analogue de la somatostatine, l octréotide, sur le versant cholinergique de la contractilité bronchique, dans un modèle de bronche humaine en cuve à organe isolé. Nous avons retrouvé un effet potentialisateur de l octréotide sur la contraction bronchique induite par stimulation électrique de champ. Cet effet n existe que pour une concentration inférieure à 10(-9)M, et est maximal à 10(-10)M, la courbe concentration-effet décrivant une courbe en cloche. Nous n avons pas retrouvé d effet sur le tonus bronchique de base. Nous n avons pas retrouvé d effet lorsque la contraction est induite par l acétylcholine ou le KCl. Nous n avons pas retrouvé d effet de la cortistatine, un autre analogue de la somatostatine. Nos résultats laissent à penser que la modulation de la contraction bronchique par la somatostatine fait appel à des récepteurs spécifiques situés sur le corps cellulaire du neurone postganglionnaire de la voie cholinergique, et que la somatostatine agit sur ce récepteur probablement par voie paracrine.PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Does competition stress decrease allelopathic potential?

International audienceIn natural communities, plants compete in different ways, among them chemical interactions in the form of allelopathy. Whereas the effects of abiotic stresses (temperature, light, nutrients, etc.) on the production of allelochemicals are well known, only few studies deal with the impact of the stress induced by competition. When they do so, these studies are done under experimental conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intra-specific competition on the production of allelochemicals and biomass of Pinus halepensis Mill. in a natural forest using three levels of density. Phenolics and aliphatic acids were extracted from pine needles, analysed and quantified by GC-MS. Trunks, branches, needles and necromass were measured. We observed an increase in alle-lochemical content at low or medium level of competition and a decrease at high competition level. Moreover trees in competition allocate proportionally more biomass to the trunk and less to foliage and branches. This study provides evidence of substantial changes in allocation between the primary and the secondary metabolism

Integration of LC/MS-based molecular networking and classical phytochemical approach allows in-depth annotation of the metabolome of non-model organisms - The case study of the brown seaweed Taonia atomaria

International audienceUntargeted LC-MS based metabolomics is a useful approach in many research areas such as medicine, systems biology, environmental sciences or even ecology. In such an approach, annotation of metabolomes of non-model organisms remains a significant challenge. In this study, an analytical workflow combining a classical phytochemical approach, using the isolation and the full characterization of the chemical structure of natural products, together with the use of MS/MS-based molecular networking with various levels of restrictiveness was developed. This protocol was applied to the marine brown seaweed Taonia atomaria, a cosmopolitan algal species, and allowed to annotate more than 200 metabolites. First, the algal organic crude extracts were fractionated by flash-chromatography and the chemical structure of eight of the main chemical constituents of this alga were fully characterized by means of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS). These compounds were further used as chemical standards. In a second step, the main fractions of the algal extracts were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS and the resulting data were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform (GNPS) to create several molecular networks (MNs). A first MN (MN-1) was built with restrictive parameters and allowed the creation of clusters composed by nodes with highly similar MS/MS spectra. Then, using database hits and chemical standards as “seed” nodes and/or similarity between MS/MS fragmentation pattern, the main clusters were easily annotated as common glycerolipids and phospholipids, much rare lipids -such as acylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-ß-alanines or fulvellic acid derivatives- but also new glycerolipids bearing a terpene moiety. Lastly, the use of less and less constrained MNs allowed to further increase the number of annotated metabolites

Potential allelopathic effect of Pinus halepensis in the secondary succession: an experimental approach

International audienceRecent economic and social changes in north Mediterranean regions have led to an important rural depopulation. Consequently, meadows developed on abandoned agricultural lands (characterized by high species richness) undergo reforestation. These former fields are mainly colonized by Pinus halepensis Miller, which is known to syn-thetize a wide range of secondary metabolites, among these, some could influence plant succession through allelopathy. The allelopathic potential of P. halepensis, was tested against two target species (Lactuca sativa L. and Linum strictum L.) with aqueous extracts obtained from different organs (root and needle) taking into account the individual age (±10, ±30 and >60 years old). Root and needle extracts affected differently germination and growth of the two target species, the responses varying with concentration of extracts, age and organs tested. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on the germination and growth of L. strictum, exposed to needle extracts of young P. halepen-sis (±10 years old), and root extracts of older P. halepensis (>30 years old). These extracts contained several phenolic acids (e.g. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid), which are known as allelochemicals and their concentrations vary with age and organ tested. Hence, P. halepensis could influence secondary succession through the release of potential allelochemicals in the environment by leaf leachates or root exudates

Potential allelopathic effect of Pinus halepensis in the secondary succession: an experimental approach

International audienceRecent economic and social changes in north Mediterranean regions have led to an important rural depopulation. Consequently, meadows developed on abandoned agricultural lands (characterized by high species richness) undergo reforestation. These former fields are mainly colonized by Pinus halepensis Miller, which is known to syn-thetize a wide range of secondary metabolites, among these, some could influence plant succession through allelopathy. The allelopathic potential of P. halepensis, was tested against two target species (Lactuca sativa L. and Linum strictum L.) with aqueous extracts obtained from different organs (root and needle) taking into account the individual age (±10, ±30 and >60 years old). Root and needle extracts affected differently germination and growth of the two target species, the responses varying with concentration of extracts, age and organs tested. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on the germination and growth of L. strictum, exposed to needle extracts of young P. halepen-sis (±10 years old), and root extracts of older P. halepensis (>30 years old). These extracts contained several phenolic acids (e.g. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid), which are known as allelochemicals and their concentrations vary with age and organ tested. Hence, P. halepensis could influence secondary succession through the release of potential allelochemicals in the environment by leaf leachates or root exudates