Design of Wireless Sensor Nodes for Structural Health Monitoring applications

Enabling low-cost distributed monitoring, wireless sensor networks represents an interesting solution for the implementation of structural health monitoring systems. This work deals with the design of wireless sensor networks for health monitoring of civil structures, specifically focusing on node design in relation to the requirements of different structural monitoring application classes. Design problems are analysed with specific reference to a large-scale experimental setup (the long-term structural monitoring of the Basilica S. Maria di Collemaggio, L’Aquila, Italy). Main limitations emerged are highlighted, and adopted solution strategies are outlined, both in the case of commercial sensing platform and of full custom solutions

Sulforaphane causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human glioblastoma u87mg and u373mg cell lines under hypoxic conditions

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor. The median survival rate from diagnosis ranges from 15 to 17 months because the tumor is resistant to most therapeutic strategies. GBM exhibits microvascular hyperplasia and pronounced necrosis triggered by hypoxia. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, has already demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, by provoking cell cycle arrest, and leading to apoptosis in many cell lines. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of SFN [20–80 µM for 48 h] in GBM cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot results revealed that SFN could induce apoptosis of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner, under both conditions. In particular, SFN significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, our results demonstrated that SFN suppressed GBM cells proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the S-phase, also under hypoxic condition, and that these effects may be due in part to its ability to induce oxidative stress by reducing glutathione levels and to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Overall, we hypothesized that SFN treatment might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy, alone or in combination, against GBM

Infectious bursal disease virus in free-living wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its sero-viroprevalence on a global scale

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an economically important pathogen for poultry, whereas knowledge of its occurrence in non-poultry hosts is limited. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the up-to-date knowledge about the sero-viroprevalence of IBDV in wild birds on a global scale. A computerized literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CAB Direct and Web of Science to find relevant publications, along with the screening of reference lists. Journal articles, book chapters, scientific correspondences, conference proceedings and short communications on IBDV virological and/or serological surveys in free-living wild birds published between 1970 and 2021 were considered as eligible. Among 184 studies found, 36 original contributions met the pre-established criteria. A random-effect model was applied to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, whereas the paucity of virological studies (n = 6) only allowed a qualitative description of the data. The pooled seroprevalence was estimated to be 6% (95% CI: 3%–9%) and a high heterogeneity was detected (I2= 96%). Sub-group analyses were not performed due to the scarcity of available information about hypothetical moderators. With respect to virological studies, IBDV was detected in Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Galliformes, Passeriformes and Pelecaniformes and different strains related to poultry infection were isolated. Our estimates of serological data showed a moderate exposure of wild birds to IBDV. The susceptibility of different species to IBDV infection underlines their potential role in its epidemiology at least as carriers or spreaders. Indeed, the isolation of IBDV in healthy wild birds with a migratory attitude might contribute to a long-distance spread of the virus and to strain diversity. While a wild reservoir host could not be clearly identified, we believe our work provides useful insights for conducting future surveys which are needed to broaden our knowledge of IBDV occurrence in wild birds

Inflammatory markers as prognostic factors of survival in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a good choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment when surgery and liver transplantation are not feasible. Few studies reported the value of prognostic factors influencing survival after chemoembolization. In this study, we evaluated whether preoperative inflammatory factors such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio affected our patient survival when affected by hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated a total of 72 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma that underwent TACE. We enrolled patients with different etiopathogeneses of hepatitis and histologically proven HCC not suitable for surgery. The overall study population was dichotomized in two groups according to the median NLR value and was analyzed also according to other prognostic factors. Results. The global median overall survival (OS) was 28 months. The OS in patients with high NLR was statistically significantly shorter than that in patients with low NLR. The following pretreatment variables were significantly associated with the OS in univariate analyses: age, Child-Pugh score, BCLC stage, INR, and NLR. Pretreated high NLR was an independently unfavorable factor for OS. Conclusion. NLR could be considered a good prognostic factor of survival useful to stratify patients that could benefit from TACE treatment

Erratum: “Seed layer technique for high quality epitaxial manganite films” [AIP Advances 6, 085109 (2016)]

No abstract available

Phytoplasma Infection of a Tropical Root Crop Triggers Bottom-Up Cascades by Favoring Generalist Over Specialist Herbivores

Global interest on plant-microbe-insect interactions is rapidly growing, revealing the multiple ways in which microorganisms mediate plant-herbivore interactions. Phytopathogens regularly alter whole repertoires of plant phenotypic traits, and bring about shifts in key chemical or morphological characteristics of plant hosts. Pathogens can also cause cascading effects on higher trophic levels, and eventually shape entire plant-associated arthropod communities. We tested the hypothesis that a Candidatus Phytoplasma causing cassava witches’ broom (CWB) on cassava (Manihot esculenta Grantz) is altering species composition of invasive herbivores and their associated parasitic hymenopterans. We conducted observational studies in cassava fields in eastern Cambodia to assess the effect of CWB infection on abundance of specialist and generalist mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), and associated primary and hyper-parasitoid species. CWB infection positively affects overall mealybug abundance and species richness at a plant- and field-level, and disproportionately favors a generalist mealybug over a specialist feeder. CWB phytoplasma infection led to increased parasitoid richness and diversity, with richness of ‘comparative’ specialist taxa being the most significantly affected. Parasitism rate did not differ among infected and uninfected plants, and mealybug host suppression was not impacted. CWB phytoplasma modifies host plant quality for sap-feeding homopterans, differentially affects success rates of two invasive species, and generates niche opportunities for higher trophic orders. By doing so, a Candidatus phytoplasma affects broader food web structure and functioning, and assumes the role of an ecosystem engineer. Our work unveils key facets of phytoplasma ecology, and sheds light upon complex multi-trophic interactions mediated by an emerging phytopathogen. These findings have further implications for invasion ecology and management

Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility

Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p < 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p < 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p < 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p < 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r2 65 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times

Non-pharmacological treatments for pediatric refractory epilepsies

Introduction: Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are the primary treatment option for epilepsies of wide etiologies, however, about 10–20% of children do not gain sustained seizure control and in this case, it is worth investigating ‘alternative’ therapeutic approaches aside from ASMs. Nowadays, non-pharmacological strategies for epilepsy treatment encompass dietary interventions, neurostimulation-based techniques, and biobehavioral approaches. Areas covered: A search on PubMed database was conducted. Experimental and clinical studies, as well as meta-analysis and structured reviews on the latest non-pharmacological treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children, were included. Special attention is given to the efficacy and tolerability outcomes, trying to infer the role novel approaches may have in the future. Expert opinion: The large heterogeneity of primary clinical outcomes and the unavoidable subjective response of each patient to treatments prevents Researchers from the identification of a single, reliable, approach to treat DRE. The understanding of fine pathophysiologic processes is giving the way to the use of alternative therapies, such as the well-known ketogenic diet, in a ‘personalized’ view of treatment. The goal is to apply the non-pharmacological treatment most suitable for the patients sake

Surface nanostructures in manganite films

Ultrathin manganite films are widely used as active electrodes in organic spintronic devices. In this study, a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) investigation with atomic resolution revealed previously unknown surface features consisting of small non-stoichiometric islands. Based upon this evidence, a new mechanism for the growth of these complex materials is proposed. It is suggested that the non-stoichiometric islands result from nucleation centres that are below the critical threshold size required for stoichiometric crystalline growth. These islands represent a kinetic intermediate of single-layer growth regardless of the film thickness, and should be considered and possibly controlled in manganite thin-film applications

Manganite/Alq3 interfaces investigated by impedance spectroscopy technique

With the general objective of studying interfaces between ferromagnetic materials and organic semiconductors, we report ac impedance investigations on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3)/Al and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/Alq3/Al heterostructures, in the frequency range between 20 Hz and 1 MHz. The comparison of the equivalent circuits deduced to fit the experimental ac responses allows isolating a specific RC contribution which can be attributed to the LSMO/Alq3 interface region. Using the information obtained from our ac measurements, we propose a model which fits the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance in spin valves combining LSMO electrodes and Alq3 layers