The internationalization of WEG

Although there are a considerable number of research papers dedicated to understanding the WEG internationalization process, we believe that the existing case studies are still extremely restricted to the counterpoint of the institutional narrative and international theories of internationalization. Our perspective, on the other hand, points in the direction of assessing the company’s trajectory within the political economy of the sector. That is, it is not possible to analyze the process of transformation of a company over decades without understanding the institutional aspects of the whole sector and of the national policy that regulates and foments it, as well as the transformations in the international economy, in general. In this sense, this paper seeks not only to present WEG's trajectory based on the company’s internal strategies and innovations, but also to relate these characteristics to the Brazilian institutional environment, especially during the military government, which seems to have been decisive both for the rise of the group nationally and for its later entry into the international market

A Simple Method for Enema Administration in One-Day-Old Broiler Chicks

The present study aimed to describe a simple technique for enema administration in one-day-old broiler chicks. For this purpose we used 455 unsexed health birds divided into four groups submitted to three different experimental protocols: in the first one, we measured the total length of the large intestine in order to establish a secure distance for probe introduction; in the second, we evaluated maximum compliance of large intestine and diffusion range; finally, based on results obtained we tested the hypothesis in 400 birds in order to standardize the method. Enema solutions applied in an intrarectal manner with a stainless steel gavage BD-10 probe into one-day-old broiler chicks at 0.2 mL at a distance of 1.5 cm proved to be a reliable method

Sistema de ensino para auto-escola

Este artigo apresenta o projeto de um sistema de ensino para auto-escola. O sistema implementado com recursos de multimídia visa melhorar o ensino e a aprendizagem do conteúdo ministrado na escola. Ele possui um simulado de perguntas elaboradas pelos professores e escolhidas aleatoriamente onde o aluno demonstra o conhecimento adquirido a respeito dos módulos referentes a sinais de trânsito, mecânica básica, legislação de trânsito e primeiros socorros. A conferência das provas é feita pelo sistema indicando uma nota. A análise das notas de cada aluno permite visualizar as condições do aluno prestar o exame de sinais de transito.Eje: Informática educativaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Industrialização e ideias econômicas no Paraná entre 1950 e 1970

Esse artigo analisa as principais ideias econômicas presentes no Paraná, entre 1950 e 1970, que orientaram as políticas públicas e ajudaram a formatar programas de governo em busca do desenvolvimento econômico. Dessa maneira, a influência ideológica pode ser observada tanto no campo teórico quanto no intelectual, bem como desdobrada ao discurso político. O pensamento Paranista foi observado desde o século XIX, tentando criar uma autoimagem do Paraná que pudesse distingui-lo de outras regiões. Nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, foi observada a influência do pensamento desenvolvimentista, chegando à década de 1970, marcada pela ruptura com as ideias anteriores, por meio de uma visão crítica do passado e por um novo paradigma: compreender os determinantes do desenvolvimento observado naquela década.

The internationalization of WEG

Although there are a considerable number of research papers dedicated to understanding the WEG internationalization process, we believe that the existing case studies are still extremely restricted to the counterpoint of the institutional narrative and international theories of internationalization. Our perspective, on the other hand, points in the direction of assessing the company’s trajectory within the political economy of the sector. That is, it is not possible to analyze the process of transformation of a company over decades without understanding the institutional aspects of the whole sector and of the national policy that regulates and foments it, as well as the transformations in the international economy, in general. In this sense, this paper seeks not only to present WEG's trajectory based on the company’s internal strategies and innovations, but also to relate these characteristics to the Brazilian institutional environment, especially during the military government, which seems to have been decisive both for the rise of the group nationally and for its later entry into the international market

Perennial herbaceous legumes as live soil mulches and their effects on C, N and P of the microbial biomass

A adoção de práticas de cobertura do solo com leguminosas tem aumentado. Porém, o impacto desta prática sobre o compartimento microbiano ainda não é bem conhecido. Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes leguminosas, sobre o C, N e P da biomassa microbiana, coletaram-se amostras de Argissolo oriundas de um experimento sob condições de campo em Seropédica-RJ. O experimento foi subdividido em dois ensaios. No primeiro, os tratamentos corresponderam à combinação de três fatores: espécie de cobertura viva (Arachis pintoi e Macroptilium atropurpurem), manutenção em cobertura ou remoção dos resíduos após o corte e profundidade de coleta do solo. No segundo ensaio, os tratamentos corresponderam à combinação de três fatores: ausência de cobertura viva, A. pintoi, Pueraria phaseoloides e M. atropurpureum, doses de P (0 e 88 kg ha-1) e manejo dos resíduos da parte aérea das plantas. Não houve variação do C microbiano com a profundidade do solo. Porém, para o P e N microbianos, C orgânico do solo, C solúvel em água, disponível e mineralizável, o aumento da profundidade proporcionou diminuição destas características. As leguminosas usadas influenciaram de maneira diferenciada as variáveis analisadas. O A. pintoi promoveu elevação nos teores de C microbiano e disponível, comparativamente as demais espécies utilizadas (P. phaseoloides e M. atropurpureum). A manutenção dos resíduos das leguminosas após cada corte promoveu aumentos nos teores de C e N microbianos, C orgânico e N total e frações de C orgânico do solo enfatizando a importância de utilização desta prática para melhorar a fertilidade do solo.The use of living mulch with legumes is increasing but the impact of this management technique on the soil microbial pool is not well known. In this work, the effect of different live mulches was evaluated in relation to the C, N and P pools of the microbial biomass, in a Typic Alfisol of Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. The field experiment was divided in two parts: the first, consisted of treatments set in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial combination of the following factors: live mulch species (Arachis pintoi and Macroptilium atropurpureum), vegetation management after cutting (leaving residue as a mulch or residue remotion from the plots) and four soil depths. The second part had treatments set in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial combination of the following factors: absence of live mulch, A. pintoi, Pueraria phaseoloides, and M. atropurpureum, P levels (0 and 88 kg ha-1) and vegetation management after cutting. Variation of microbial C was not observed in relation to soil depth. However, the amount of microbial P and N, water soluble C, available C, and mineralizable C decreased with soil depth. Among the tested legumes, Arachis pintoi promoted an increase of microbial C and available C content of the soil, when compared to the other legume species (Pueraria phaseoloides and Macroptilium atropurpureum). Keeping the shoot as a mulch promoted an increase on soil content of microbial C and N, total organic C and N, and organic C fractions, indicating the importance of this practice to improve soil fertility

Qualidade da matéria orgânica de um solo cultivado com leguminosas herbáceas perenes

O uso de leguminosas herbáceas em sistemas agrícolas permite o aporte de quantidades expressivas de fitomassa, possibilitando alterações no teor e na qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo ao longo dos anos. Este trabalho avalia a qualidade da matéria orgânica de um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo localizado em Seropédica, RJ, e cultivado com diferentes espécies de leguminosas herbáceas perenes: amendoim forrageiro cv. BR-14951 (Arachis pintoi), cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides) e siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum),num delineamento fatorial com três repetições, considerando a manutenção da parte aérea depois do corte na parcela ou a retirada da parte aérea da área experimental. Foram também analisadas amostras de uma área adjacente com vegetação espontânea (mata de capoeira) e capim colonião (Panicum maximum). As amostras de solo foram coletadas em duas profundidades (0-5 e 5-10 cm), realizando-se o fracionamento da matéria orgânica e a avaliação das características estruturais dos ácidos húmicos. As leguminosas avaliadas não alteraram o conteúdo de carbono orgânico total, mas promoveram acúmulo de ácidos húmicos (AH) na camada superficial. Os AH podem ser utilizados como compostos indicadores dos efeitos do manejo sobre a fração orgânica do solo, pois apesar do pouco tempo de implementação do experimento (28 meses) foi verificada incorporação significativa de carbono e nitrogênio provenientes dos resíduos orgânicos das leguminosas. O manejo dos resíduos vegetais não alterou aspectos quantitativos da distribuição de matéria orgânica humificada, mas conferiu maior grau de condensação aos ácidos húmicos avaliados pela análise da composição elementar, espectroscopia de IV e de fluorescência.Using herbaceous legumes in agricultural systems yields great quantities of plant residues, allowing changes in soil organic matter quality and content over the years. This study was conducted on an Ultisol, at Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of different perennial herbaceous legumes on soil organic matter quality. A factorial scheme with three replications was used to evaluate the species: forage groundnut cv. BR-14951 (Arachis pintoi), tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). After the first cut, each plot was divided into two subplots; plants were cut and left on the soil surface or cut and removed. Soil samples of a closed area covered by spontaneous vegetation (mainly C3 plants) or by Panicum maximum were also analysed. Samples were collected from two layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm), processed for the fractionation of organic matter and the evaluation of structural characteristics of humic acids (HA). Evaluated legumes did not change total organic carbon contents, but promoted HA accumulation in the superficial soil layer. Humic acids may be used as indicators of the management effects on soil organic fractions, because there was significant incorporation of carbon and nitrogen derived from the legume residues, even for the short experimentation time (28 months). Residue management did not modify quantitative aspects of the distribution of the humified organic matter, but promoted, however, a higher condensation degree of humic acids evaluated by the elementary composition, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy

Prevalence of Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) in sheep from Ituiutaba, south-east region of Brazil

Among the diseases which can afflict the nasal cavities of small ruminants, oestrosis stands out. In Brazil, more specifically in its South-East region, the reports are limited only to the State of São Paulo and to the municipality of Araxá, Minas Gerais. Therefore, it has been sought to assess the parasitic prevalence of Oestrus ovis in sheep farmed in the municipality of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais-Brazil, while correlating the larval size and stage, and its anatomical localization. Eighty-eight hemiheads of healthy Santa Inês/Dorper crossbreds Ovis aries have been used at random. The larvae in view were then collected and fixated to be quantified and analyzed in regard of size and stage of development. It is concluded that the oestrosis is an existing problem in the municipality of Ituiutaba, this being the first complete study on the prevalence of this parasite in the State of Minas Gerais. By anatomical distribution, only the differences of total larval averages between the frontal sinus and the ventral nasal meatus, the common nasal meatus and the nasopharynx have been significant. In size, the significant difference has been there only upon comparison between the size and the larval stage, information that is crucial for a better understanding of the cyclic progression, of the clinical symptomatology, and animal prophylaxis. Keywords: botfly; larval stages; oestrosis; Ovis aries; sheep disease

Análise de fósforo em solo com leguminosas herbáceas perenes por meio de ressonância magnética nuclear

The availability and the reserves of organic phosphorus are controlled by its mineralization rate and are also influenced by changes in soil management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil covering with different leguminous plant on soil organic P by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Alkaline soil extracts were obtained from two depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm) of an Ultisol cultivated with herbaceous perennial leguminous plants (Arachis pintoi, Pueraria phaseoloides, Macroptilium atropurpureum). In an adjacent area, samples of the same soil cover with a secondary tropical forest and grass (Panicum maximum) were also collected. The leguminous management was divided into with removal and without removal of shoot parts after cut on soil surface. Phosphate monoesters are the dominant P species in all soil samples and P diesters accumulated on the superficial layer of secondary forest soil. The P amount of this fraction is higher for the legume covered soil when compared with the grass covered soil. The permanence of leguminous plants on the topsoil after the cut promoted an increase in P diester/P monoester ratios. These findings can be accounted for an enhancement of P availability to plants in soils cultivated with leguminous plants.A disponibilidade e as reservas de fósforo orgânico são controladas pela taxa de mineralização e influenciadas pelas alterações no manejo do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o fósforo orgânico mediante espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de 31P (RMN 31P) em solo sob cobertura de plantas leguminosas. Extratos alcalinos foram obtidos em duas profundidades (0–5 e 5–10 cm) de um Argissolo numa área cultivada com leguminosas herbáceas perenes (Arachis pintoi, Pueraria phaseoloides e Macroptilium atropurpureum). Em áreas adjacentes ao experimento foram coletadas amostras do mesmo solo sob cobertura de floresta tropical secundária (capoeira) e capim-colonião (Panicum maximum). O manejo das leguminosas foi dividido em com e sem a remoção da parte aérea da superfície após o corte das plantas. Os fosfatos em ligações monoésteres foram predominantes em todas as amostras de solo e os fosfatos em ligações diésteres foram acumulados na camada superficial do solo sob floresta secundária. A quantidade de fósforo em ligações diésteres foi maior nas amostras de solo sob cobertura de leguminosas do que sob gramíneas. A permanência da parte aérea na superfície do solo promoveu aumento na razão P diéster/P monoéster. Esses resultados podem ser usados para justificar o aumento da disponibilidade de fósforo para as plantas em solos cultivados com leguminosas