Academic and Behavioral Reactions of Children with Disabilities to the Loss of a Firefighter Father: The New York City World Trade Center Attack 9/11/01

This five year comparative case study explores how children with disabilities responded to the loss of their firefighter father in the World Trade Center attack. Preliminary findings presented will be useful for teachers and researchers interested in designing appropriate interventions for children traumatized by the death of a parent

Optimal Control of Superconducting N-level quantum systems

We consider a current-biased dc SQUID in the presence of an applied time-dependent bias current or magnetic flux. The phase dynamics of such a Josephson device is equivalent to that of a quantum particle trapped in a $1-$D anharmonic potential, subject to external time-dependent control fields, {\it i.e.} a driven multilevel quantum system. The problem of finding the required time-dependent control field that will steer the system from a given initial state to a desired final state at a specified final time is formulated in the framework of optimal control theory. Using the spectral filter technique, we show that the selected optimal field which induces a coherent population transfer between quantum states is represented by a carrier signal having a constant frequency but which is time-varied both in amplitude and phase. The sensitivity of the optimal solution to parameter perturbations is also addressed

Perbandingan Lintasan Pemboran Berarah dengan Berbagai Metode Perhitungan pada Sumur G-12 Lapangan G

Sumur G-12 merupakan salah satu sumur pengembangan Perusahaan CNOOC SES Ltd yangterletak di lapangan “G” dan didesain dengan lintasan pemboran berarah. Dalam pengukuranlintasan pemboran berarah dibutuhkan metode perhitungan survey yang akurat sehingga tepatdalam penggambaran lintasan pemboran. Karena itu berbagai metode perhitungan hasil surveyakan dibandingkan untuk menentukan metode perhitungan hasil survey mana yang paling akurat,paling mendekati lintasan aktual pemboran. Berbagai metode perhitungan hasil survey pemboranberarah yang digunakan pada sumur G-12 di lapangan G antara lain metode Minimum Curvature,metode Radius of Curvature, metode Balanced Tangential dan metode Tangential. Dalampenggambaran lintasan pemboran berarah digunakan dua grafik yaitu penggambaran secaravertical view dan horizontal view. Dilakukan perbandingan antara lintasan aktual dengan lintasanpemboran berbagai metode berdasarkan bentuk lintasan dengan Vertical Section dua dimensi, danVertical Section tiga dimensi. Dapat terlihat seberapa besar deviasi dari masing-masing VerticalSection serta pengaruhnya terhadap tercapainya target sesuai dengan toleransi dari radius target50 ft

KARAKTERISTIK ES KRIM MENGGUNAKAN STARTER BAKTERI PROBIOTIK Streptococus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus acidophilus

CHARACTERISTICS OF ICE CREAM USING STARTER OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA Streptococus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of probiotic bacteria, namely Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus as a starter on the characteristics ice cream. This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design, with four treatments and five replications. Such treatmentis the different levels of starter A1=0%, A2=3%, A3=6%, and A4=9%. Data were analized by variance analysis. The results of experiment showed that the total of lactic acid bacteria ranged from 1.49  to 7.08 (log cfu/ml), the pH ranged from 5.24 to 5.67, while overrun ranged from 25.62 to 31.47%. The Results of analysis showed that the starter level of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% gave a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on  total of lactic acid bacteria, pH, and overrun. The counclution of this research  was ice cream using a starter streptococcus thermophilus and  Lactobacillus acidophilus at the level of  9% is the best ice cream on physical , and microbiological test. Key word: Probiotic bacteria, ice cream,  starter, total of lactic acid bateria, pH, overrun

Effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem gambling and alcohol abuse

Background and aims: Based on social disorganization theory, the present study examined the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on gambling behaviors and problems as well as on alcohol use and abuse. Methods: Findings were based on a combined sample of two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling and substance use. One survey (n = 2,631) included adults 18 years and older and the second survey (2,274) included young people aged 14–21 years old. Results: Neighborhood disadvantage had a highly significant effect on problem gambling over and above the significant individual effects of gender, age, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Alcohol abuse did not show the same relationship to neighborhood disadvantage as did problem gambling. Furthermore, when neighborhood disadvantage was high and individual socioeconomic status was low, the highest levels of problem gambling were observed. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence for the effects of neighborhood ecology on the occurrence of problem gambling

Evolution of the eyes of vipers with and without infrared-sensing pit organs

We examined lens and brille transmittance, photoreceptors, visual pigments, and visual opsin gene sequences of viperid snakes with and without infrared-sensing pit organs. Ocular media transmittance is high in both groups. Contrary to previous reports, small as well as large single cones occur in pit vipers. Non-pit vipers differ from pit vipers in having a twotiered retina, but few taxa have been examined for this poorly understood feature. All vipers sampled express rh1, sws1 and lws visual opsin genes. Opsin spectral tuning varies but not in accordance with the presence/absence of pit organs, and not always as predicted from gene sequences. The visual opsin genes were generally under purifying selection, with positive selection at spectral tuning amino acids in RH1 and SWS1 opsins, and at retinal pocket stabilization sites in RH1 or LWS (and without substantial differences between pit and nonpit vipers). Lack of evidence for sensory trade-off between viperid eyes (in the aspects examined) and pit organs might be explained by the high degree of neural integration of vision and infrared detection; the latter representing an elaboration of an existing sense with addition of a novel sense organ, rather than involving the evolution of a wholly novel sensory system

In vitro mineral nutrition of \u3ci\u3eCurcuma longa\u3c/i\u3e L. affects production of volatile compounds in rhizomes after transfer to the greenhouse

Background Turmeric is a rich source of bioactive compounds useful in both medicine and cuisine. Mineral concentrations effects (PO43−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and KNO3) were tested during in vitro rhizome development on the ex vitro content of volatile constituents in rhizomes after 6 months in the greenhouse. A response surface method (D-optimal criteria) was repeated in both high and low-input fertilizer treatments. Control plants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, acclimatized in the greenhouse and grown in the field. The volatile constituents were investigated by GC-MS. Results The total content of volatiles was affected by fertilizer treatments, and in vitro treatment with Ca2+ and KNO3; but PO43− and Mg2+ had no significant effect. The content was higher in the high-input fertilizer treatments (49.7 ± 9 mg/g DM) with 4 mM Ca2+, 60 mM KNO3 and 5 mM NH4+, than the low-input fertilizer (26.6 ± 9 mg/g DM), and the MS control (15.28 ± 2.7 mg/g DM; 3 mM Ca2+, 20 mM K+, 39 mM NO3−, 20 mM NH4+, 1.25 mM PO43−, and 1.5 mM Mg2+). The interaction of Ca2+ with KNO3affected curcumenol isomer I and II, germacrone, isocurcumenol, and β-elemenone content. Increasing in vitro phosphate concentration to 6.25 mM increased ex vitro neocurdione and methenolone contents. Conclusion These results show that minerals in the in vitro bioreactor medium during rhizome development affected biosynthesis of turmeric volatile components after transfer to the greenhouse six months later. The multi-factor design identified 1) nutrient regulation of specific components within unique phytochemical profile for Curcuma longa L. clone 35–1 and 2) the varied phytochemical profiles were maintained with integrity during the greenhouse growth in high fertility conditions