Extrinsic post burn peri-anal contracture leading to sub acute intestinal obstruction: A case report

Peri-anal contracture lead to intestinal obstruction whenever there is involvement of anal orifice. In this case anus and peri-anal skin up to two cm was normal; however both gluteal folds were fused because of post burn scar leaving a very small opening which lead to faecal impaction and sub acute intestinal obstruction

QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories : challenges and perspectives

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.Peer reviewe

Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience Complicações de expansores teciduais em cirurgia plástica: dez anos de experiência

INTRODUCTION: Tissue expanders have been of great value in plastic surgery. Tissue expansion was developed for a specific indication; however, within a very short time, the concept of tissue expansion found wide applicability. From 1990 to 1999, 315 expanders in 164 patients were utilized. A retrospective analysis of complications and prognostic factors for complications were done. METHODS: The indications for tissue expansion were burns (50%), trauma (32%), and sequelae of previous surgery (8.8%). The expanders were inserted most frequently in the scalp, trunk and neck. RESULTS: There were 22.2% of complications and the most common were expander exposure (50%), infection (24%) and bad function of the expander (12.8%). The present study revealed an increased rate of minor complications in the group of 0 to 10 years of age and an increased rate of major complications for face and neck expansions compared to trunk expansion. There were no increased complication rates for the other age and anatomic site groups, previous expansion, concomitant expansion and type of expander used. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes from tissue expansion procedures done in our hospital are similar to those reported in the literature. Tissue expansion is a good and safe technique.<br>INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização de expansores teciduais tem sido de grande importância para a Cirurgia Plástica. Inicialmente descritos para correção de uma deformidade específica, logo tiveram sua utilização ampliada para deformidades congênitas e adquiridas. Foram utilizados 315 expansores em 164 pacientes no período de Janeiro de 1990 a Dezembro de 1999. Uma análise retrospectiva das complicações e fatores prognósticos para complicações foi realizada. MÉTODO: As deformidades tratadas mais freqüentes foram seqüelas de queimaduras (50%), seqüelas de traumas (32%) e seqüelas de cirurgias prévias (8,8%). Os sítios anatômicos em que mais freqüentemente foram utilizados compreenderam face e pescoço, couro cabeludo e tronco. RESULTADOS: As complicações ocorreram em 22,2% das expansões e as mais comuns foram extrusão (50%), infecção (24%) e mau funcionamento do expansor (12,8%). No grupo etário de 0 a 10 anos predominaram complicações menores e no grupo que utilizou expansor na face e pescoço as complicações foram maiores comparativamente ao grupo que utilizou expansores no tronco. Não houve relação causa-efeito entre complicações e expansões prévias, uso concomitante de expansores e tipo do expansor. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados são semelhantes aos da Literatura. A utilização do expansor tecidual é técnica segura e com bons resultados