Human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine\ud of Brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by HIV

The aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion of the BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) human polyomavi\ud -\ud ruses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. One hundred and fifty-\ud six patients were enrolled: Group I included 116 HIV-infected children and adolescents [median age = 11.4 years (y);\ud range 1-22 y]; Group II included 40 non-HIV-infected healthy controls (median age = 11.37 y; range 7-16 y). Single\ud urine samples from both groups were screened for the presence of JCV and BKV DNA by polymerase chain reaction\ud at enrolment. The overall rate of JCV and BKV urinary excretion was found to be 24.4% and 40.4%, respectively\ud (n = 156). Group I had urinary excretion of JCV and BKV in 27.6% and 54.3% of subjects, respectively. In contrast,\ud Group II showed positive results for JCV in 17.5% of subjects and for BKV in 12.5% of subjects (p Pearson JCV =\ud 0.20; p Pearson BKV < 0.0001). In Group I, there was no association between JCV/BKV shedding and age, gender\ud or CD4 values. Patients with an HIV viral load < 50 copies/mL had a lower excretion of BKV (p < 0.001) and a trend\ud of lower JCV excretion (p = 0.07). One patient in Group I (1/116, 0.9%) showed clinical and radiological features\ud consistent with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, suggesting that children with HIV/polyomavirus coin\ud -\ud fection should be kept under surveillance.Financial support: FAPESP (07/06687-7

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec

Política provincial na formação da monarquia constitucional Brasileira: Rio de Janeiro, 1820-1850

The article focuses on the Brazilian constitutional monarchy during the first half of the Nineteenth century from the provincial political dynamics point of view. By looking into the case of Rio de Janeiro, the study shows the way in which the fluminense Legislative Provincial Assembly worked as an important space for friction and accommodation among the multiple interests that moved themselves across the regional political scenery. This institution was able to provide an astonishing degree of political stability amidst a period of profound political uncertainty and the building up of new political and administrative projects for the new country.O artigo considera a monarquia constitucional no Brasil da primeira metade do século XIX sob o ponto de vista da dinâmica política provincial. Analisando o caso do Rio de Janeiro, o estudo mostra a forma como a Assembléia Legislativa Provincial fluminense operou enquanto importante espaço de fricção e acomodação dos múltiplos interesses que se movimentavam naquele cenário político regional. Essa instituição foi capaz de viabilizar um surpreendente grau de estabilidade política em meio a um período de profunda indefinição e construção de novos arranjos político-administrativos no novo país

Monarquia pluricontinental e repúblicas: algumas reflexões sobre a América lusa nos séculos XVI-XVIII

Este artigo corresponde a uma reunião de fragmentos de textos que escrevi com Maria de Fátima Silva Gouvêa, desde 2006. Compõe-se, em sua maior parte, de trechos de projetos de pesquisa apresentados a diferentes agências brasileiras de fomento à pesquisa, ou de publicações que ainda se encontram no prelo. De uma forma ou de outra, são textos inéditos, em que desenvolvemos a ideia de autogoverno, inscrita na concepção corporativa da sociedade, como ferramenta teórica para a compreensão da organização social na América colonial lusa; ou ainda o conceito de redes governativas na gestão do império ultramarino, instrumento de análise caro a Fátima Gouvêa; e concluímos com a noção de monarquia pluricontinental, formulada inicialmente por Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro

Redes de poder e conhecimento na governação do Império Português, 1688-1735

Nos últimos anos, a historiografia tem chamado a atenção para a complexidade dos mecanismos que possibilitaram a consolidação do império português. O estudo aqui apresentado pretende contribuir em favor dessa tendência, destacando, para isso, o papel fundamental dos oficiais régios na governação portuguesa no ultramar. Destaca-se o fato de estes oficiais estarem engajados em redes de poder, que lhes possibilitaram defender seus interesses pessoais, mas não só. Ao destacar-se a amplitude dessas redes, que chegavam mesmo a atingir membros da Igreja, pode-se perceber como foi se formando uma memória administrativa. Isso possibilita a identificação destes homens enquanto instrumentos de poder e de produção de conhecimento, bem como possibilita vê-los enquanto um dos pilares que garantiam sustentação do império português