Didactic strategies for comprehension and learning of structural concepts

p. 926-937In previous papers we have established the convenience of formulating educational strategies at the university level for both disciplines: Civil Engineering and Architecture, which involves academic topics of mutual interest by means of shared practices. As a particular matter of this approach, the application of physical experimental models is considered of special usefulness, in order to understand in better ways the performance of materials and structural systems. Several strategies of selection and development of such physical models will be discussed in this work, considering as a first step, the establishment of its correspondence with the different levels of structural complexity studied in curriculum plan: statics, strength of materials and structural design, among others. This task constitutes a part of the work program of the Laboratory of Structural Models, which is an academic project that develops and applies different didactic prototypes to structure courses in the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, campus Azcapotzalco, in Mexico City, project we have already presented in recent forums. Two different modes of application are implemented in classroom sessions and in structures workshop: the devices for functional demonstration of typical cases of structural work as well as the experimentation with student's own designs of destructible models where certain typologies are tested up to its failure limit. The first one allows teachers to explain adequately the theoretical principles and formulas (that usually are expressed on the blackboard) by means of didactic models identified in accordance to specific cases of the curriculum on variable level of complexity. This kind of practice allows the students of architecture and civil engineering to realize in better ways the possibilities of use and application of the different structural typologies. Such experimental models are part of more than fifty devices of the Laboratory's catalog. In the same sense, the possibility of observation of structural work of their own architectural designs, allows future professionals to achieve a better conception of the structural solutions that affect positively their designs. Based on specific predefined guides, the students develop their own architectural-structural projects and subject them to diverse loads, observing their behavior under the influence of variable stresses leading up the experiment to its last resistance. From both experiences a significant learning is obtained for the student's formation and training, who will be capable in his future professional work to use better tools of comprehension of the structural concepts applied to architecture as well as of increasing his conscience of the benefits and convenience of multidisciplinary work.Moreno, C.; Abad, A.; Gerdingh, JG.; Garcia M., C.; Gonzalez C., O. (2010). Didactic strategies for comprehension and learning of structural concepts. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/695

Representational organization of novel task sets during proactive encoding

Recent multivariate analyses of brain data have boosted our understanding of the organizational principles that shape neural coding. However, most of this progress has focused on perceptual visual regions (Connolly et al., 2012), whereas far less is known about the organization of more abstract, action-oriented representations. In this study, we focused on humans{\textquoteright} remarkable ability to turn novel instructions into actions. While previous research shows that instruction encoding is tightly linked to proactive activations in fronto-parietal brain regions, little is known about the structure that orchestrates such anticipatory representation. We collected fMRI data while participants (both males and females) followed novel complex verbal rules that varied across control-related variables (integrating within/across stimuli dimensions, response complexity, target category) and reward expectations. Using Representational Similarity Analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2008) we explored where in the brain these variables explained the organization of novel task encoding, and whether motivation modulated these representational spaces. Instruction representations in the lateral prefrontal cortex were structured by the three control-related variables, while intraparietal sulcus encoded response complexity and the fusiform gyrus and precuneus organized its activity according to the relevant stimulus category. Reward exerted a general effect, increasing the representational similarity among different instructions, which was robustly correlated with behavioral improvements. Overall, our results highlight the flexibility of proactive task encoding, governed by distinct representational organizations in specific brain regions. They also stress the variability of motivation-control interactions, which appear to be highly dependent on task attributes such as complexity or novelty.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn comparison with other primates, humans display a remarkable success in novel task contexts thanks to our ability to transform instructions into effective actions. This skill is associated with proactive task-set reconfigurations in fronto-parietal cortices. It remains yet unknown, however, how the brain encodes in anticipation the flexible, rich repertoire of novel tasks that we can achieve. Here we explored cognitive control and motivation-related variables that might orchestrate the representational space for novel instructions. Our results showed that different dimensions become relevant for task prospective encoding depending on the brain region, and that the lateral prefrontal cortex simultaneously organized task representations following different control-related variables. Motivation exerted a general modulation upon this process, diminishing rather than increasing distances among instruction representations

Association between Caries, Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mexican Adolescents

Aim: To determine the association among dental caries, obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. Methods: Body Mass Index, obesity (OB) blood pressure, insulin level, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides level, serum HDL-cholesterol (cHDL), DMFT index and salivary flow were measured. Results: Anthropometric measures showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). Insulin level was 8.98 for healthy subjects, whereas for OB-IR group was 25.35, there was a statistical significant difference (p \u3c 0.05). Triglycerides level was 88.50 for healthy subjects and 169.40 mg/dL for OB-IR; cHDL was 52.88 for healthy and 41.82 mg/dL for OB-IR group, both showed a statistically significant difference (p \u3c 0.05). Salivary flow was 4.30 for healthy and for OB-IR group was 5.48 ml/min showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). DMFT index was 3.02 for healthy and for OB-IR adolescents was 4.78, showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). The caries component of DMFT index was 1.84 for healthy and was 3.52 for OB-IR adolescents, showed a significant statistical difference (p \u3c 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis, DMFT (OR=3.10; IC95%=0.20-1.02, p=0.042) and decay (OR=3.30; IC95%=0.19-1.0, p=0.011) were associated with subjects with OB-IR. Conclusion: OB-IR Mexican adolescents showed a positive association with DMFT

A novel and chemoselective process of N-alkylation of aromatic nitrogen compounds using quaternary ammonium salts as starting material

Artículo Internacional Open AccesThe process of N-alkylation of several pyrroles, indoles, and derivative heterocycles is herein described, using quaternary ammonium salts as the source of an alkylating agent. These reactions were carried out on several heterocyclic rings with triethylbenzylammonium chloride or tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and an NaOH solution at 50%, leading to a chemoselective N-alkylated product and an average yield of 73%. This is an alternative process to the traditional benzylation and methylation of N-heterocycles with direct handling of alkyl halides.CONACYT, Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la UAE

Problem Faced by Digital Evidence in U.S. Law

El presente artículo analiza los problemas que en el derecho de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica enfrenta la prueba digital. Al no contar con una regulación particular para este tipo de prueba, los jueces han aplicado las normas previstas para las pruebas físicas. Lo anterior si bien ha resultado útil en muchos casos, ha generado más de algún problema que la doctrina de Estados Unidos ha criticado. Desde esta perspectiva se debe tener presente que no todas las reglas y procedimientos previstos para las pruebas físicas, se pueden aplicar sin más a la confiscación de una prueba digital

Empresas de Marketing en el ambito de la Moda en la Zona Sur de Tamaulipas

La moda puede parecer un tema superficial o banal, pero desde hace siglos ha formado una gran parte importante de la sociedad y ha tenido una influencia muy grande en la cultura de cada civilización. Las casas de moda con creatividad, ideas, potencial y colores han salido a flote con una muy poca inactividad en el área de publicidad ya que en la actualidad no existe una agencia de marketing que se dedique únicamente a dar publicidad al área de moda en la zona sur de Tamaulipas (Tampico, Madero, Altamira).La propuesta para la creación de una empresa de marketing sobre moda tiene como propósito manejar la publicidad de todas las casas de moda en la zona sur de Tamaulipas con diferentes tipos de estrategias. Los resultados determinaron que las personas que residen en Tampico, Madero, Altamira muy pocas veces han observado una publicidad de alguna casa de moda, además ellos consideran conveniente que hubiera más publicidad para que estén al día con los nuevos lanzamientos de las marcas importantes…los trabajadores  de las casas de moda comentaron que si están interesados en que haya una empresa que se dedique a manejar su publicidad con las diferentes estrategias (pasarelas, eventos musicales, otros

Desarrollo de un sistema Web para la administración de cuestionarios

n el presenta trabajo, se reportan avances del desarrollo de un sistema Web enfocado a la administración de cuestionarios con diferentes formatos, es decir, que puedan contener preguntas cerradas, abiertas y/o de opción múltiple, que incluyan texto, imágenes y video; que soporte un número ilimitado de usuarios; que sea compatible con cualquier navegador y que además, pueda ser gratuito para proyectos enfocados a la investigación

Análisis del Comportamiento del consumidor ante campañas políticas en el uso de redes sociales como estrategia digital en los partidos políticos.

Nowadays Political Marketing is used by political parties as a strategy to possess a Candidate, we know that marketing strategies are necessary for the success of a product or service, at present consumers do not cast their vote in a rational way According to this research, we realized that public opinion is influenced by digital media, since these are taken as truthful information about the candidates of political parties. The use of digital media as a political marketing strategy through social networks has been a key element for Candidates and Political Parties since a viral video has shown great impact on society from a positive or negative perspective.Hoy en día la Mercadotecnia Política es utilizada por los partidos políticos como estrategia para posesionar a un Candidato, sabemos que las estrategias de mercadotecnia son necesarias para el éxito de un producto o servicio , en la actualidad los consumidores no emiten su voto de una forma racional de acuerdo a esta investigación nos dimos cuenta que la opinión pública se deja influenciar por los medios digitales ya que estos se toman como información veraz todo lo referente a los candidatos de los partidos políticos. El uso de los medios de comunicación digital como estrategia de marketing político a través de las redes sociales han sido un elemento clave para los Candidatos y Partidos Políticos ya que un video viral ha mostrado gran impacto en la sociedad desde la perspectiva positiva o negativa

3D numerical simulation of slope-flexible system interaction using a mixed FEM-SPH model

Flexible membranes are light structures anchored to the ground that protect infrastructures or dwellings from rock or soil sliding. One alternative to design these structures is by using numerical simulations. However, very few models were found until date and most of them are in 2D and do not include all their components. This paper presents the development of a numerical model combining Finite Element Modelling (FEM) with Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation. Both cylindrical and spherical failure of the slope were simulated. One reference geometry of the slope was designed and a total of 21 slip circles were calculated considering different soil parameters, phreatic level position and drainage solutions. Four case studies were extracted from these scenarios and simulated using different dimensions of the components of the system. As a validation model, an experimental test that imitates the soil detachment and its retention by the steel membrane was successfully reproduced.The FORESEE project has received funding from the EuropeanUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program undergrant agreement No 769373