Modelling of chemical control of "Conyza" and the risk of glyphosate resistance

Se ha desarrollado un modelo de genética de poblaciones para estudiar el efecto de diferentes estrategias de manejo químicas en el control de poblaciones de Conyza y el desarrollo de resistencia a glifosato en poblaciones inicialmente susceptibles. Las estrategias de manejo se basaron en la aplicación de dos herbicidas en diferentes fechas, aislados o en mezcla, donde uno de ellos era glifosato. Las simulaciones mostraron que la aplicación de glifosato con herbicidas postemergentes controlaron más eficazmente las poblaciones de “Conyza” que las aplicaciones de glifosato con herbicidas preemergentes. Las aplicaciones tardías (principalmente en marzo) del herbicida postemergente consiguieron los mejores controles de las poblaciones y un riesgo bajo de desarrollar resistencia en poblaciones de Conyza inicialmente susceptibles.We developed a model of population genetics to study the effect of different chemical management strategies on the control of “Conyza” populations and the resistance evolution to glyphosate in initially susceptible populations. The management strategies were based on herbicides; glyphosate and another post- or pre-emergent herbicide applied alone or in mixtures at different timing. The simulations showed that glyphosate and post-emergent herbicides controlled better “Conyza” populations than glyphosate and pre-emergent herbicides. Later post-emergent herbicide applications (in March principally) reached the best control of “Conyza” populations and a low resistance risk in initially susceptible populations

Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a new impacting pest on Spanish vineyards

Research NoteInfestation caused by Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is becoming a new sanitary problem in some Spanish vine-producing areas. Symptoms caused by the pest, the identification of 7 associated wood fungal species living in galleries excavated by larvae, some data about the evolution of the infestation during 8 years in the same plot and the different levels of susceptibility exhibited by three grape varieties are presented in this paper

Manejo perioperatorio de fármacos anticoagulantes y antiagregantes en el paciente con fractura de cadera

La fractura de cadera eleva de manera significativa en los estudios publicados la morbilidad y la mortalidad en los pacientes ancianos que la padecen. La participación en el proceso de fármacos que alteran la hemostasia se ha convertido en uno de los aspectos más importantes y controvertidos del manejo perioperatorio del paciente con fractura de cadera. La anticoagulación o antiagregación plaquetaria de estos pacientes tiene unas implicaciones tanto en la práctica anestésica como quirúrgica que hacen necesaria la búsqueda de un equilibrio entre el riesgo hemorrágico y trombótico de los mismos. Con la elaboración del presente protocolo, en línea con las últimas evidencias científicas publicadas, se sientan las bases para avanzar en el tratamiento de este grupo de pacientes. Una atención multidisciplinar especializada, una fijación precoz de la fractura antes de las 48 horas, y un efectivo programa de rehabilitación pueden disminuir las complicaciones del proceso.Hip fracture rises significantly in published studies morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. Participation in the process of hemostasis-altering drugs has become one of the most important and controversial perioperative management of patients with hip fracture aspects. Anticoagulation or antiplatelet of these patients have some implications as a surgical anesthetic practice that make it necessary to seek a balance between bleeding and thrombotic risk thereof. With the development of this protocol, in line with the latest scientific evidence published, the stage is set to advance the treatment of this patient group. A specialized multidisciplinary care, early fracture fixation within 48 hours and an effective rehabilitation program can reduce complications of that process

The stellar occultation by (319) Leona on 2023 September 13 in preparation for the occultation of Betelgeuse

peer reviewedOn 2023 December 12, the star α Orionis will be occulted by asteroid (319) Leona. This represents an extraordinary and unique opportunity to analyse the brightness distribution of Betelgeuse's photosphere with extreme angular resolution by studying light curves from different points on Earth and at different wavelengths. Here we present observations of another occultation by asteroid Leona, on 2023 September 13, whose goal was to determine Leona's projected shape and size in preparation for the December 12th event and its interpretation. The occultation campaign was highly successful with 25 positive detections from 17 different sites and a near miss. The effective diameter in projected area derived from the positive detections was 66 ± 2 km using an elliptical fit to the instantaneous limb. The body is highly elongated, with dimensions of 79.6 ± 2.2 km × 54.8 ± 1.3 km in its long and short axis, respectively, at occultation time. This result, in combination with dense time series photometry of Leona that we recently obtained, together with archival sparse photometry, allowed us to predict the angular size of the asteroid for the Betelgeuse event and to simulate the expected brightness change. Also, an accurate position coming from the occultation is provided, to improve the orbit of Leona

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Modelling the population dynamics of Avena sterilis under dry-land cereal cropping systems

In the absence of control, and under continuous winter cereal cropping, the population grows hyperbolically, reaching equilibrium at a density of 535 plants m-2. Annual application of herbicides with <85% control results in moderate reductions in the equilibrium level. To obtain a negative growth of the population it is necessary to apply herbicides annually with a control level of >90%. Fallowing the land for 1 in every 2-3 yr gave a practical method of containing the populations of A. sterilis, but to eradicate this weed it was necessary to combine crop rotation with application of herbicides. -from Author

Strategies for the control of Avena sterilis in winter wheat production systems in central Spain

A bioeconomic model is described and used to investigate the agronomic and economic consequences of using a range of management strategies for the control of winter wild oats (Avena sterilis L.) in cereal cropping systems representative of central Spain. The results of simulations indicated that growing winter wheat continuously with the annual application of herbicides may be the optimum strategy, resulting in acceptable wild oat populations and maximum economic benefits. However, the practice of wheat monoculture was only a valid option as long as herbicides were applied annually spraying herbicides in alternate years failed to control wild oats adequately and resulted in major economic losses. The rotation of wheat with a fallow year, with no herbicides applied in either of the two years, may be a satisfactory low-cost alternative when wild oat infestation levels are low, but it is not valid when infestation levels are high. The strategy that combines the use of a fallow year with herbicide application in the wheat year resulted in optimum wild oat control and moderate profitability under all conditions. However, the net returns obtained were substantially lower than in the continuous wheat plus herbicide strategy. The sensitivity of the model to variation in various key parameters was tested wheat yield level and fixed costs were the two parameters that had the largest effect on model output. In general, the effect of changing parameter values was more pronounced in continuous wheat systems than in wheat-fallow rotations. © 1993

Malófagos parásitos de Buteo buteo (L.)

[EN] Three species of Mallophaga parasites on Buteo buteo (L.) are studied : Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (BURMEISTER, 1838), Degeeriella fulva (GIEBEL, 1874) and Laemobothrion ?nazimum (ScopoLI, 1763). One of them, D. fulva, is new record for the entomological Spanish fauna. The- more important morphological characters for the diferentiation of species are given. Measurements and data about the distribution on the host are provided.[ES] En el estudio de material de malófagos recogido sobre Buteo buteo (L.) se han determinado tres especies : Craspedorrhimchus platystomus (BURMEISTER, 1838), Degeeriella fulva (GIEBEL, 1874) y Laemobothrion maximum (ScopoLI, 1763). De ellas, D. fulva es primera cita para la fauna entomológica española. Se dan los caracteres morfológicos más significativos para la diferenciación de las especies, así como medidas y datos de distribución en el hospedador.Peer reviewe

Cereal aphids expert system (CAES) Identification and decision making

This paper describes the development of an expert system designed to provide identification and information to farmers and extension specialists as well as information for educational and research purposes, on the main cereal aphid species in Spain. The program has a graphical support system which helps a non-aphid specialist to obtain an accurate identification. The information that the system provides is aphid appearance, life cycle, host plants, damage, injury level, control measures, additional information and references. The system is currently running in Videotext, allowing for consulting via telephone lines throughout Spain. © 1993

Spatial distribution of weed diversity within a cereal field

Weeds are key components of agroecosystems because they support biological diversity within crop fields. Ecological indicators of weed diversity are usually assessed on a field scale, but weeds are distributed unevenly within fields. Here, we explore spatial distribution of diversity in weed seed banks, and how a failure of grass weed control may affect biodiversity indicators. We studied spatial distribution and stability of species richness, Shannon's diversity index, and Pielou's evenness index of a weed seed bank, site-specifically and for the entire field, over three years in a commercial winter wheat field regularly treated with narrow- and broad-leaved herbicides. 254 soil samples were taken on 10 m $\times$ 10 m grids at the beginning of each season. Seeds were identified by germination in a greenhouse and indices were assessed for each point. The spatial structure of the indices was described by spherical isotropic semivariograms. Our findings show that diversity and evenness computed for the entire field both decreased by 63% after lack of grass weed control, and increased 32% and 31%, respectively, the following year. However, richness, diversity and evenness were not homogeneous across the field. Diversity and evenness became increasingly patchy over time, as shown by a spatial dependence increasing by 21% and 40%, respectively, after two years. This finding is related to the reduction in the patch extension of broad-leaved species due to broad-leaved herbicide application each year and the expansion of grass patches due to the lack of grass control in the first year. Spatial location of patches was not stable over time. Nevertheless, weedy areas remained on the field and represent plant diversity caches that may contribute to maintaining global biodiversity. This information is missed if a single biodiversity index is computed for the entire field. Knowledge of spatial distribution of weed diversity within a field will be useful for identifying wildlife conservation areas and understanding changes in biodiversity in cropland ecosystems better