Safety review of phenoxyethanol when used as a preservative in cosmetics

Phenoxyethanol, or 2-phenoxyethanol, has a large spectrum of antimicrobial activity and has been widely used as a preservative in cosmetic products for decades. It is effective against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as against yeasts, and has only a weak inhibitory effect on resident skin flora. According to the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, phenoxyethanol is safe for all consumers \u2013 including children of all ages \u2013 when used as a preservative in cosmetic products at a maximum concentration of 1%. Adverse systemic effects have been observed in toxicological studies on animals but only when the levels of exposure were many magnitudes higher (around 200-fold higher) than those to which consumers are exposed when using phenoxyethanol-containing cosmetic products. Despite its widespread use in cosmetic products, phenoxyethanol is a rare sensitizer. It can be considered as one of the most well-tolerated preservatives used in cosmetic products

Diagnóstico das pisciculturas do Programa Peixe Vida em Mato Grosso do Sul.

Características das pisciculturas; Manejo da Piscicultura; Espécies cultivadas; Manjo sanitário; Avaliaçõa da atividade pelos piscicultores.bitstream/item/38092/1/DOC200569.pd

Dispatchable High-Power Wind Turbine Based on a Multilevel Converter with Modular Structure and Hybrid Energy Storage Integration

This paper presents a new multilevel converter solution with modular structure and hybrid energy-storage integration suitable to drive modern/future high-power medium-voltage wind turbines. The hybrid energy-storage integration means that part of the converter submodules are built with batteries and part of them with conventional capacitors. Since traditional wind turbines are non-dispatchable generators, the integration of an energy storage system could be beneficial in multiple ways as the wind power plant could provide stability support to the grid, improvement of the unit commitment and economic dispatch, and the power plant owner could increase his revenues in the electricity market. The capacitors of the proposed converter are responsible to transfer the power produced by the wind turbine to the grid, and the batteries are only charged/discharged with the mismatch between the power produced by the turbine and the power to be injected into the grid, considering a dispatchable operation where the power injected into the grid is different from the power generated by the turbine. The medium-voltage structure could be an interesting option to overcome problems related to high currents in modern/future high-power wind turbines resulting in more efficient, more compact and lighter solutions. Modular multilevel converters are suitable to handle medium-voltage levels and they allow for a straightforward integration of energy storage systems in a decentralized manner

Evaluation of Microencapsulation of The UFV-AREG1 Bacteriophage in Alginate-Ca Microcapsules using Microfluidic Devices

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the emergence of resistant microorganisms have become a major challenge for the food industry. The purpose of this work was to microencapsulate the bacteriophage UFV-AREG1 in a calcium alginate matrix using microfluidic devices and to study the viability and efficiency of retention. The microcapsules were added to gel of propylene glycol for use as an antimicrobial in the food industry. The technique showed the number of the phage encapsulation, yielding drops with an average 100-250 $\mu$m of diameter, 82.1 $\pm$ 2% retention efficiency and stability in the gel matrix for 21 days. The gel added to the microencapsulated phage showed efficiency (not detectable on the surface) in reducing bacterial contamination on the surface at a similar level to antimicrobial chemicals (alcohol 70%). Therefore, it was possible to microencapsulate bacteriophages in alginate-Ca and apply the microcapsules in gels for use as sanitizers in the food industry.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Caracterização do cultivo de milho safrinha de alta produtividade em 2008 e 2009.

O termo milho safrinha é empregado para o cultivo de milho de sequeiro semeado de janeiro a abril, após a colheita da cultura de verão. Para caracterizar os sistemas de produção de altas produtividades de milho safrinha foram coletados dados referentes a 1.138 lavouras que obtiveram produtividade acima de 5.000 kg ha-1, nos estados da região Centro-Oeste, em São Paulo e no Paraná. Embora tenham sido constatados rendimentos superiores a 8.000 kg ha-1 em todos os estados produtores de milho safrinha, a maior frequencia é de lavouras com rendimentos entre 5.000 e 7.000 kg ha-1. Nessas lavouras, predominou o plantio de híbridos simples e de ciclo precoce, no sistema plantio direto, com o milho sendo implantado no mês de fevereiro e cultivado geralmente após a soja. Em São Paulo e no Paraná, predominam o uso do espaçamento convencional, enquanto que nos estados da região Centro-Oeste a utilização de espaçamento reduzido é maior, especialmente em Goiás. A população de plantas variou de 45 a 65 mil plantas por hectare, com maior frequência no uso de 50 a 55 mil plantas por hectare. Cerca de 90% das lavouras receberam tratamento químico com fungicidas para o controle de doenças. O número de aplicações de inseticidas variou de zero até quatro aplicações, sendo mais frequente duas e três aplicações