213 research outputs found
Effects of in vitro digestion and in vitro colonic fermentation on stability and functional properties of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) beverages
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant that grows naturally in South America. From its leaves and thin stems different kinds of beverages are prepared (chimarrão, tererê and tea mate), all of them rich in bioactive substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on the stability of the polyphenols and on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumoral activities of the yerba mate beverages. The phenolic chromatographic profile revealed that both the in vitro digestion and the colonic fermentation caused a pronounced decrease in 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the preparations. However, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and salvianolic acid I were only barely affected in all preparations. Despite the decrease in the phytochemicals content, yerba mate beverages maintain their functional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumoral activities.The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Proc. 3079/2015-8) and Fundação Araucária (Proc.24/2012) for funding this study. Authors V.G. Correa and G.A. Gonçalves thanks Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES) for the financial support provided for their post-graduate studies in Universidade Estadual de Maringá. A. Bracht, and R.M. Peralta research grant recipients of CNPq. The authors are also thankful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), L. Barros (SFRH/BPD/107855/2015) and M.I. Dias (SFRH/BD/84485/2012) grant. To POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 (LA LSRE-LCM), funded by ERDF, through POCI-COMPETE2020 and FCT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Autonomous multispecies reaction-diffusion systems with more-than-two-site interactions
Autonomous multispecies systems with more-than-two-neighbor interactions are
studied. Conditions necessary and sufficient for closedness of the evolution
equations of the -point functions are obtained. The average number of the
particles at each site for one species and three-site interactions, and its
generalization to the more-than-three-site interactions is explicitly obtained.
Generalizations of the Glauber model in different directions, using generalized
rates, generalized number of states at each site, and generalized number of
interacting sites, are also investigated.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX2
AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E CITOLÓGICA DO TRATO RESPIRATÓRIO DE CAVALOS DA RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA, APÓS O EXERCÍCIO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology following exercise
from twelve Quarter Horse breed animals from Curitiba
City and surroundings. After infusion of 100 ml of
physiologic solution with endoscopy and silicon catheter,
an average of 30 mL of BAL was recovery per horse,
analized and submited to cytocentrifugation. Cytocentrifuge slides were obtained and stained by
Giemsa, Papanicolaou and Perls Prussian Blue. None
of the horses presented epistaxis or any other
abnormality on the clinical examination, nor pulmonary
bleeding by endoscopy. The erythrocyte and leukocyte
in BAL counts were with in the normal range of literature,
as well as the leukocyte differential, with a mean
proportion of 62.3±13.7% and 34.1±14.8% for
macrophages and lymphocytes, respectivelly. However,
the presence of hemosiderophages in different
percentages, suggested that part of the animals were
under subclinical pulmonary hemorrhage, not clinically
detected. Based on the present study, we concluded
that the evaluation of cellular populations with the use of
cytocentrifuge and special stains can provide to the
clinician important additional information on functional
status of respiratory tract, particularly hemorrhage.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a
citologia do lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) após o
exercício de doze cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha,
provenientes de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. Após
a infusão de 100 ml de solução fisiológica com auxílio
de endoscopia e cateter de silicone, foram recuperados
acondicionados em torno de 30 mL de BAL por cavalo,
analisados e submetidos à centrifugação. Lâminas de
citocentrífuga foram obtidas e coradas pelas técnicas
de Giemsa, Papanicolaou e Azul da Prússia. Nenhum
dos cavalos apresentou epistaxe ou outra anormalidade
ao exame clínico, nem sangramento pulmonar à
endoscopia. A contagem de hemácias e leucócitos no
BAL esteve dentro dos valores de referência
encontrados na literatura, assim como os diferenciais
leucocitários, com a proporção média de 62,3±13,7%
e 34,1±14,8% para macrófagos e linfócitos,
respectivamente. No entanto, a presença de
hemossiderófagos em diferentes percentuais, sugere
que parte destes animais estejam sob hemorragia
pulmonar incipiente, não detectada clinicamente.
Concluiu-se, baseado no presente trabalho, que a
avaliação das populações celulares com o uso da
citocentrífuga em associação a colorações especiais
pode fornecer ao clínico importantes informações
adicionais acerca do status funcional do trato
respiratório, em particular hemorragias subclínicas
Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Bahia, Brazil
O trabalho consistiu em estratificar o Estado da Bahia em quatro regiões com características homogêneas (circuitos produtores) para que fossem amostradas aleatoriamente, em cada uma delas, 300 propriedades. Em cada propriedade foram escolhidas, de forma aleatória, 10 a 15 fêmeas bovinas adultas, das quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 10.816 animais, provenientes de 1.413 propriedades. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (Rosa Bengala) e a confirmação dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo se pelo menos um animal reagiu às duas provas sorológicas. As prevalências de focos e a de fêmeas adultas soropositivas do Estado foram de 4,2% [3,1-5,3%] e 0,66% [0,41-0,93%], respectivamente. Para os circuitos produtores foram: circuito 1, 5,8% [3,6-8,7%] e 0,86% [0,41-1,3%]; circuito 2, 3,1% [1,5-5,6%] e 1,2% [0,25-2,1%]; circuito 3, 6,3% [4,0-9,3%] e 1,7% [0,66-2,7%]; e circuito 4, 0,60% [0,07-2,2%] e 0,07 [0,00-0,21%]. Para a análise de fatores de riscos associados à doença foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico em cada propriedade visitada. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco foram: compra de reprodutores (OR= 2,27) e presença de áreas alagadiças (OR= 1,76). A vacinação de fêmeas de três até oito meses de idade foi um fator de proteção (OR= 0,53). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA study to characterize the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Bahia was carried out in 2004. The State was divided into four similar production regions, 300 herds were randomly sampled in each region, and 10 to 15 adult bovine females were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 10,816 serum samples from 1,413 herds were collected. The serum samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all RBT-positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) for confirmation. A herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. The prevalence of infected herds and seropositive adult bovine females in Bahia State were: 4.2% [3.1-5.3%] and 0.66% [0.41-0.93%], respectively. In the production regions, prevalence of infected herds and animals were, respectively: region 1, 5.8% [3.6-8.7%] and 0.86% [0.41-1.3%]; region 2, 3.1% [1.5-5.6%] and 1.2% [0.25-2.1%]; region 3, 6.3% [4.0-9.3%] and 1.7% [0.66-2.7%]; and region 4, 0.60% [0.07-2.2%] and 0.07%[0.00-0.2%]. In each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection were: purchase of breeding animals (OR = 2.27) and presence of flood areas (OR= 1.76). Vaccination of heifers from three to eight months of age was a protective factor (OR=0.53)
Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado de São Paulo. O Estado foi estratificado em sete circuitos produtores de bovinos, e 150 rebanhos com atividade reprodutiva foram aleatoriamente selecionados em cada um deles. No total, foram amostrados 1.073 rebanhos. Foram aletoriamente coletadas amostras de soro de 10 ou 15 fêmeas bovinas com idade ³24 meses, totalizando 8.761 animais. Os soros foram submetidos a um protocolo de testes em série, tendo o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado como método de triagem e o da fixação de complemento como confirmatório. A prevalência estimada de rebanhos com pelo menos um animal soropositivo foi de 9,7% [7,8-11,6%], enquanto a prevalência estimada de animais soropositivos foi de 3,8% [0,7-6,9%], no Estado. Em cada rebanho foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para avaliar o grau de associação de possíveis fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) com a doença. Propriedades com 87 ou mais bovinos (OR= 2,25) e compra de reprodutores (OR= 1,56) foram as variáveis mais associadas à condição de foco de brucelose. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ARQUIVOA study to characterize the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of São Paulo was carried out. The state was stratified in seven cattle production regions and 150 herds with reproductive activity were randomly selected within each one. A total of 1,073 herds were sampled. In a second stage, 10 or 15 cows older than 24 month age (in herds with <100 cows and herds ≥100 cows, respectively) were bled at random. A total of 8,761 animals were bled. Sera were tested using a serial testing procedure with the Rose Bengal test as the screening method and the Complement Fixation as the confirmatory method. The estimated prevalence of herds with at least one positive animal was 9.7% [7.8-11.6%], whereas the estimated prevalence of positive cattle was 3.8% [0.7-6.9%] in São Paulo State. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each farm, allowing the evaluation of the association of selected risk factors with the disease. The characteristics associated with the brucellosis infected herds were farms with more than 87 bovines (OR= 2.25) and introduction of breeding cattle (OR= 1.56)
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