7,978 research outputs found
On the rapidity dependence of the average transverse momentum in hadronic collisions
The energy and rapidity dependence of the average transverse momentum
in and collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are
estimated using the Colour Glass Condensate (CGC) formalism. We update previous
predictions for the - spectra using the hybrid formalism of the CGC
approach and two phenomenological models for the dipole - target scattering
amplitude. We demonstrate that these models are able to describe the RHIC and
LHC data for the hadron production in , and collisions at GeV. Moreover, we present our predictions for and
demonstrate that the ratio decreases with the rapidity and has a behaviour similar to that
predicted by hydrodynamical calculations.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures; revised version: new results for the average
transverse momentum at partonic level added in fig. 4; Results and Discussion
section has been improved and enlarge
Testing the running coupling -factorization formula for the inclusive gluon production
The inclusive gluon production at midrapidities is described in the Color
Glass Condensate formalism using the - factorization formula, which was
derived at fixed coupling constant considering the scattering of a dilute
system of partons with a dense one. Recent analysis demonstrated that this
approach provides a satisfactory description of the experimental data for the
inclusive hadron production in collisions. However, these studies
are based on the fixed coupling - factorization formula, which does not
take into account the running coupling corrections, which are important to set
the scales present in the cross section. In this paper we consider the running
coupling corrected - factorization formula conjectured some years ago and
investigate the impact of the running coupling corrections on the observables.
In particular, the pseudorapidity distributions and charged hadrons
multiplicity are calculated considering , and
collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. We compare the corrected running coupling
predictions with those obtained using the original - factorization
assuming a fixed coupling or a prescription for the inclusion of the running of
the coupling. Considering the Kharzeev - Levin - Nardi unintegrated gluon
distribution and a simplified model for the nuclear geometry, we demonstrate
that the distinct predictions are similar for the pseudorapidity distributions
in collisions and for the charged hadrons multiplicity in
collisions. On the other hand, the running coupling corrected -
factorization formula predicts a smoother energy dependence for in
collisions.Comment: 9 pages and 4 figure
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Shocks and PDRs in an intermediate mass star forming globule: the case of IC1396N
The dark globule IC1396N is a typical example of a star formation process induced by radiation driven implosion due to the strong UV field from a nearby O6 star. The IRAS source embedded in the globule and its associated molecular outflow have been observed with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on ISO revealing an extremely rich spectrum including: CO rotational lines from J=14-13 up to J=28-27, rotational lines from ortho-H2O, OH lines involving the first four rotational levels of both ladders, atomic (OI 63μm, OI 145μm) and ionic (CII 157μm, OIII 52μm, OIII 88μm) lines. A complex picture arises, where an externally illuminated PDR coexists with strong C-shocks within IC1396N and whose origin is not clear
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High-J CO line emission from young stellar objects: from ISO to FIRST
we present the CO pure rotational spectrum at high J (Jup14) obtained with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) on board of the ISO satellite towards molecular outflows exciting sources in nearby star formation regions. The physical conditions, derived using an LVG model for the line emission, indicate the presence of warm and dense gas, probably shock excited. The model fits show that often the bulk of this CO emission is expected in the spectral range that will be covered by FIRST, indicating the potentiality of this satellite to trace the warm component of gas emission in young stellar objects
Electromagnetic transition form factors of negative parity nucleon resonances
We have calculated the transition form factors for the electromagnetic
excitation of the negative parity resonances of the nucleon using different
models previously proposed and we discuss their results and limits by
comparison with experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, to be published on Journal of Physics
Driving attitudes, behaviours, risk perception and risk concern among young student car-drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrians in various EU countries
The number of car crashes has gradually reduced in the last decade across all European Countries, but the number of motorcycle crashes has remained nearly the same. In our research we investigate whether there are differences in attitudes towards road safety issues, driving behaviours in specific imagined situations, risk perception and risk concern, among young student drivers and riders. The study involved a large sample taken from across six European countries. The results reveal that although there are no differences between motorcyclists and car drivers in their attitudes toward road safety rules, differences do appear when the road rules compliance is assessed in specific imagined situations, with motorcyclists reporting to be more prone than car-drivers to violations of traffic rules. Moreover, despite the perceived risk during driving is the same for motorcyclists and car-drivers, differences do appear on their concern about this risk, with motorcyclists reporting to be less concerned than car-drivers about the risk of a road crash. This could lead to a high probability of risky driving behaviour in motorcyclists than in car-drivers. Present findings have important practical implications for road safety training courses
Mapping water in protostellar outflows with Herschel: PACS and HIFI observations of L1448-C
We investigate on the spatial and velocity distribution of H2O along the
L1448 outflow, its relationship with other tracers, and its abundance
variations, using maps of the o-H2O 1_{10}-1_{01} and 2_{12}-1_{01} transitions
taken with the Herschel-HIFI and PACS instruments, respectively. Water emission
appears clumpy, with individual peaks corresponding to shock spots along the
outflow. The bulk of the 557 GHz line is confined to radial velocities in the
range \pm 10-50 km/s but extended emission associated with the L1448-C extreme
high velocity (EHV) jet is also detected. The H2O 1_{10}-1_{01}/CO(3-2) ratio
shows strong variations as a function of velocity that likely reflect different
and changing physical conditions in the gas responsible for the emissions from
the two species. In the EHV jet, a low H2O/SiO abundance ratio is inferred,
that could indicate molecular formation from dust free gas directly ejected
from the proto-stellar wind. We derive averaged Tkin and n(H2) values of about
300-500 K and 5 10^6 cm-3 respectively, while a water abundance with respect to
H2 of the order of 0.5-1 10^{-6} along the outflow is estimated. The fairly
constant conditions found all along the outflow implies that evolutionary
effects on the timescales of outflow propagation do not play a major role in
the H2O chemistry. The results of our analysis show that the bulk of the
observed H2O lines comes from post-shocked regions where the gas, after being
heated to high temperatures, has been already cooled down to a few hundred K.
The relatively low derived abundances, however, call for some mechanism to
diminish the H2O gas in the post-shock region. Among the possible scenarios, we
favor H2O photodissociation, which requires the superposition of a low velocity
non-dissociative shock with a fast dissociative shock able to produce a FUV
field of sufficient strength.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication on Astronomy &
Astrophysic
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