Propagation biotechniques of Penaeus merguiensis in Hormozgan Province, south Iran

Twelve P. merguiensis specimens were collected from fishing grounds of Sirik area in the north of strait of Hormoz. The sampling was carried out from April to November 2003 and the brood-stocks with a mean weight 36.3 grams were transported to Kolahi hatchery center. The samples were kept in two separate 6 ton fiber glass tanks, filled with sea water with a salinity of 32ppt and temperature of 30 degrees centigrade. After spawning, the total collected nauplii from the first and the second tanks were 41800 and 960000, respectively. The survival rate from nauplii stage to PLi5 stage was 31% and 21.2%, for the two tanks respectively. We fed the larva up to N6 stage with Chaetoceros and from mysis to post larvae stages with Anemia. We conclude that Hormozgan province is a suitable area for collection of Banana shrimp brood-stocks and that propagation of the species can be successfully carried out

Introduction of Litopenaeus vannamei to shrimp culture industry of Iran

Various Problems in front of shrimp culture, mainly in biological fields and restrictions of production cycle, emphasized the species diversity in aquaculture industry of Iran in fourth socio- economic development plan of fisheries department. By this means, the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, defined a Programme with four sub- projects, and started the activities on beginning of 2004. On the year 2004, 80 pairs of SPF/SPR Litopenaeus vannamei broodstocks imported from Hawaii, but late importation and prolonged acclimatization period, caused propogation and PL production on mid-September. Despite of terminated culture season, some PL's stocked in earthen ponds of Helleh site in Bushehr province. Results of this phase showed that, L.vannamei could support the cold winter of about 9 C temperature and about 20000 broodstocks harvested at the next year. At the next year, 55 pairs of SPF/SPR broodstocks imported by the same way, and after production of PL in Bandargah hatchery, the farming carried out in Helleh research earthen ponds. At this year, shrimp farms of Bushehr province infected with WSSV, but L.vannamei growth was very good, and gained more than19g after 90days farming. On the year 2006, the farming pilot project repeated, and the way for extension smoothed. In a parallel action, introduction of L.vannamei to Choebdeh site (Khouzestan province) showed remarkable results after 5 years collapses by WSSV. The results of broodstocking, breeding and farming research projects transferred very soon to shrimp producers, as the production of L.vannamei in Khouzestan and Bushehr provinces raised to 2575tons in the year 2008. In addition the condition for introduction of this species to Golestan province smoothed on 2008, and stocking at rate of 5-6 individuals per m2 in earthen ponds of Gomishan resulted in 20g. Shrimp weight after 75 days culture. This stock used as brood stock for commercial production on 2009 by private sector. It seems that all four southern provinces are going to utilize L.vannamei as the main species in 2009, and domesticated brood stocks

Study of fish consumption per capita per year in rural and urban areas of Markazi Province, Iran

Survey method has been performed using questionnaire forms for study of fish consumption per capita per year in Markazi Province due to lack of enough data on this field in the said province. Each questionnaire was completed by asking questions from each of the families as a statistical population sample either in rural or urban areas. According to the national census in year 2008 by Iranian Statistical Center, there are 364564 families living in Markazi Province out of which 207802 (57%) families are urbanites and 156762 (43%) are ruralist. A sample with total population of 2525 families were chosen with 1455 families living in urban and 1075 families in rural areas. Systematic random sampling was adopted in both areas which show people consuming fish once in 25 days with 5.8 Kg as per capita and per year for the whole Markazi Province

Echoenvironmental survey on fisheries site selection in the Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan province

The lack of sustainable management programs has resulted in the drastic decline of sturgeons stocks in the Caspian Sea in the past two decades. Legal catch quotas for all Caspian littoral states has dropped from 28500 tons in 1985 to 460 tons in 2007 while caviar production in the Caspian Sea during the same period decreased from 3000 tons to 70 tons. Caviar production in the I.R. of Iran dropped from 305 tons in 1985 to about 11 tons in 2007. The "Strategic and applied research planning for sturgeon management and conservation" was developed with the collaboration of academicians from universities, researchers, experts, fishery authorities and representatives of the executive government to maintain sustainable development and rational management of sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea. The preparation and development of this planning was carried out through 121 sessions (2100 person hours) A comprehensive report (375 pg) was prepared which was divided into five volumes; Volume I comprises an introduction, objectives, strategies and planning, present status of production and caviar harvest, catch and export quotas, revenue generated and release of sturgeon fingerlings, Volume II comprises analysis of the problem by constructing a problem tree with 8 broad categories to analyze 344 problems and an objective tree which is the hierarchic flowchart of objectives with 9 broad categories with 241 items, Volume III comprises a review and analysis of previous and ongoing research (414 projects) on different aspects of sturgeon during the past 40 years, Volume IV comprises prioritizing research objectives outlined by the objective tree and finally Volume V which prioritizes primary objectives for 14 executive and 10 research programs. On the basis of the evaluation of the present status and for the sustainable development and rational management of sturgeon stocks a strategic and applied research planning program was proposed and developed within the framework of three primary objectives; 1) Management and sustainable use of Caspian Sea resources (5 programs), 2) Rehabilitation and restoration of stocks (5 programs), 3) Development of aquaculture (4 programs). The applied research program for each proposed executive program was outlined in 10 programs, 42 comprehensive plans and 222 projects. The primary objective on management and sustainable use of Caspian Sea resources includes 5 programs, 14 comprehensive plans and 63 projects, while the primary objective on rehabilitation and restoration of stocks includes 4 programs, 16 comprehensive plans and 87 projects. The primary objective to address sturgeon aquaculture includes 1 program, 12 comprehensive plans and 72 projects. The impacts and outcome of each of these programs was determined and presented. It is evident that if the present situation persists, the catch figures for adult sturgeon specimens and caviar production in Iran will reach zero in 2021. But if concerted efforts are taken and the proposed strategic and applied research planning program is executed (commencing from 2009) we can put a halt to these declining trends. By producing sturgeon fingerlings to restore population abundances, by conserving and protecting them in the Caspian Sea and by conducting applied research we can produce 206.4 tons of caviar by the year 2033. Apart from harvesting caviar from the Caspian Sea we can also annually produce 3000 tons sturgeon meat and 60 tons farmed caviar starting from the year 2023. The total budget proposed for implementation of this program for a period of 14 years (2008-2022) is USD 2483 million. If this budget is allocated in time and the proposed strategic program is properly and totally implemented, we can not only save many sturgeon populations from extinction but also ensure job opportunities for 6000 fisherman, provide 1480 new job opportunities and annually produce 266 tons of caviar which will generate USD 4957 million

Study on optimum exploitation of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

The increasing demands of the growing populations can be met by developing aquaculture. However in order to provide suitable grounds for consumption which is acceptable to different conditions and tastes, apart from producing a variety of products we also need to improve the methods of marketing and consumption. The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) comprises about 50 to 85% of the composition of fish species in the polyculture of warm water species in Iran. However the difficulty in pretreatment of this species and the presence of pin bones are among the main reasons to restrict the demand of this species in the domestic markets, particularly in non-coastal provinces. In this project different aspects of silver carp processing studied as follow: 1. Use of fish fillet residuals in preparation of snack, cheese and ice cream 2. Use of fish meat in sausage and fish ball produce 3. Use of machinery to produce of without or low bones fillet and trimmed fillets. Fish sausages were studied in four experimental groups; Based on the results obtained it was evident that sausages in the experimental Group 1 (65% minced fish & 12 % soy bean oil) showed better taste and flavor as compared to those in the other groups. Fish ball were prepared using starch from four different sources (wheat, corn, potato and tapioca). Thirty different trials were tested by adding each starch source either individually or by mixing equal proportions of two sources of starch at a rate of 5, 10 and 15% to 80% ground meat of silver carp. Among trials containing two sources of starch, mixed trials with potato and wheat (5% potato + 5% wheat) were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to the other trials. Fifteen formulas were worked for preparing of fish cheese. The quality assessment of product showed that fish cheese in zero and 30 days after storage in 4֯ C were good and medium, respectively. Quantity enrichment of corn snack with FPC until 33% in fish snack preparation, have a best results among with other experiments. Fish ice cream made from fish protein concentrate type a that produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. The result showed that FPC replaced with 30%milk in ice cream formula has a best quality score. On the basis of recent findings, the deep part and a upper part on the back of the fish, like a relatively narrow band, are considered as boneless parts in silver carp. The aims of trimming project introduce best type of fillet trimming and machine for Silver Carp fillet. The results show percentage of waste in trimming by machinery line processing was less than handing, and fillet trimming speed by hand was most than machinery .Also final results of this study show machinery method or complex of handing and machinery for Silver carp fillet trimming are the best .speed rate in pine bone removing from silver carp fillet in handy method with using of transparent table and machinery method were 30-40 min per fish and 15 second per fish, respectively. Removing efficiency of bones from fillets in handy and machinery method were 50-60 and 90 %, respectively

Review of management and monitoring of two crop shrimp production of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus in intensive culture system in Guatr Shrimp Farm, Sistan & Baloochestan Province

In line with the implementation of two Crop shrimp culture in year in Gwater shrimp Farming Site credits UNDP aims to increase production of crops per year, reducing the days of culture in the second crop using the nursery pond, control feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production management, Farming of Indian white Shrimp P.indicus in 4 private farm was done in 2008. Surveillance and monitoring of these farms, the possible obstacles to the harmful effects of management strengths and weaknesses and develop in the future was done in corporation of Offshore Fisheries Research Center of Chabahar and fisheries of Sistan and Balouchestan. First crop was successful, but the shrimp of Nursery pond and second crop due to the occurrence of white spot disease (WSSV) disease and casualties were died and did not actually do the work. The average minimum and maximum feed conversion in Culture period 1.46 and 1.96 respectively, in C2 _31 and C2 _ 14 farms were observed. Maximum production was 41,376 kg in farm C2 _31. The rainfall on 14 August severe flooding and water supplying cussed suddenly fall down of Inland channel water salinity at day 16-20 the August to 4-5 PPT and the PH go up to 8.8-9. After 2 days the white spot disease in South of site was confirmed and was transferred immediately to the north of site. (The pilots farm) The important thing was that the farm under two crop system as a last resort so that all First crop harvest but shrimp in Nursery pond were infected and with veterinary supervision of all infected ponds were then killed. The results showed that shrimp farming can be done in two periods in year with a predetermined .In this study the only factor that could have adverse effects on the project was Feed supply problems during the growing period and the consequences that it caused low average body weight and final harvested Shrimp resulted to delay in daily growth

Investigation on the possibility of artificial propagation, cultivation and brood stock management of Vannamei shrimp

Project was carried out at the Gomishan Centre for training and education which is located 15 km far from Gomishan City in the Golestan Province. Prebroodstocks were chosen from ponds (stocking density: 3/m^2). 860 male and 890 female broodstocks were separated and transferred into greenhouse (400 m^2). The average growth rate per day was 0.3 g and survival rate was 90%. After reaching 42 g in males and 52 g in females they were ready for Eyes stalk Brood stocks were transferred into propagation hall in June and after a week females gone under Eyes stalk. 10,890,000 eggs were yielded from 50 females and consequently 7, 187, 0.50 nauplius were produced. Each broodstock spawned 1.34 Times. The maximum hatching was 75% that in was average 64.2%. Mass of Cetocerous Algae was mass produced to be fed for post larvae. Finally 35,000 PL15 were yielded. PL15 were transferred into two half hectare and one 1 ha ponds in July. The stocking density was 18 PL/m^2. Biometric parameters together with air and water temperatures, and pH were recorded daily. Results indicate that the maximum survival rate was 58% (pond No. 5) and minimum was 52% (pond No. 17). The average weight after 101 days cultivating was 23 g which is appropriate. Also the average daily growth rate was 0.2g and the FCR was 1

Fish gene bank of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Genetic studies and gene banks preparation can identify guidelines for improving diversity and population structure and estimation, poaching and also the amount of cross breeding and provide genetic classification. In this study, sampling was performed from the important studied species habitats areas for the species such as: Dasyatis bennetti، Netuma thalassina, Netuma bilineata Carcharhinus leucas، Choerodon robustus، Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus ،Pseudorhombus arsius Thunnus tonggol ،Euthynnus affinis and Trichiurus lepturus. Total DNA extraction was performed using phenol - chloroform method which is the most common method for DNA extraction in order to achieve high quality of DNA was performed in the preparation of gene bank in this study. After relevant studies on this gene primers were designed and in use. After editing the sequences, nucleotide BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was performed using NCBI blast main page. The sequences obtained from each sample were aligned and corrected from any ambiguities and assembled using Bio edit program .Trees were generated using maximum parsimony (MP), a character-based algorithm and neighbor joining (NJ) a distance-based algorithm for phenetic analysis. The distance matrix option of MEGA4 was used to calculate genetic distance according to the Kimura 2-parameter model of sequence evolution. Based on the results obtained, the optical density of 260 to 280 nm in the samples was recorded between 1/8 - 2, indicating good quality DNA samples. Optimized PCR reaction to 16SrRNA gene amplification using the gradient between 48 - 60° C showed that the most suitable criteria for binding primers, 54 to 58 Celsius degrees respectively. The project objectives including the identification of the genetic structure of the species, and draw the phylogenetic trees using two genes 16SrRNA, making identification and registration of specified computer storage and regulate the structure and management of mentioned species by focus on genetic resources 10 species of majour commercial and noncommercial fishes in the Persia Gulf and Oman Sea through the creation of an integrated network of aquatic genetic resources in the region to try to identify genetic resources and aquatic gene bank. This type of analysis could be considered as an important tool to be used in broodstock selection in breeding programs. Also identify the species of fish named as Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus with a new haplotype and genetic differences 7% in compare to the samples recorded in the World gene Bank can considered as a major achievements of this research