Self-referenced fibre-optic sensor for liquid detection and/or measurement

The optical technology developed by the Spanish University Carlos III of Madrid is related with carrying out measurements on liquid tanks. It allows detecting the liquid level using light, in an intrinsically safe way, without the risk of explosion of the electronic type techniques. We are looking for the collaboration of companies devoted to the development of instrumentation systems, specifically instrumentation for the storage and distribution of flammable liquids, fuel tanks manufacturers, as well as instrumentation for aircrafts and vehicles.Contrato Programa de Comercialización e Internacionalización. Sistema Regional de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica. (Comunidad de Madrid; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

A methodology for the development of a sustainability index for construction works in Spain

The present paper tries to describe in a systematic way the process followed to develop a methodology to obtain a Sustainable Index for Construction Works in Spain. Given the complexity of the task at hand, and having into account that this is the first attempt within the Spanish construction sector to create an integrating index, the description of the process becomes indispensable in order to replicate the index in a different context –e.g. another European country-. On the other hand, the development of an index with a triple focus -economic, environmental and social-, transcending the interests of the different activities which coexist inside this sector, and joining efforts towards a common objective fills an existing gap in the Spanish construction sector, as it will be shown. The proposed index aims at establishing, on a permanent basis, a common reference for the assessment of sustainability within this sector, to the improvement of which all parties involved could and should contribute

Ring Resonators with Sagnac Loops for Photonic Processing in DWDM Backbone Networks

In this paper, optical configurations based on ring resonators (RR) with an internal Sagnac (SG) loop in the feedback path, are analyzed in terms of their amplitude response and dispersive properties for filtering and chromatic dispersion managing in digital transmission systems over amplified single- mode fiber (SMF) spans in DWDM backbone networks. Design issues for the architecture as regards quadratic dispersion and magnitude distortion are provided. The RR+SG compound filter provides frequency tunability of the amplitude and dispersion peaks by adjusting a coupling coefficient of an optical coupler, with no need for using integrated thermo-optic nor current- injection based phase shifters. The configuration can be employed as an additional structure for a general RR-based design and synthesis architecture, allowing bandwidth increase of dispersion compensators and flexibility. The performance of a compound filter consisting of a two RR in series stage and a RR+SG filter are reported as a more compact and effective solution for existing multi-channel SMF backbone links operating at high bit rates. Design guidelines of an integrated ring resonator based on polymer technology for showing feasibility of the proposal is reported.This work was partially supported by Spanish CICYT (TEC2006-13273-C03-03-MIC), European project NoE EPhoton/One+, CAM (FACTOTEM-CM:S-0505/ESP/000417), FENIS-CCG06-UC3MITIC-0619.Publicad

Radio-frequency ring resonators for self-referencing fiber-optic intensity sensors

A theoretical and experimental study of radiofrequency ring resonators (RR) for referencing and improving the sensitivity of fiber-optic intensity sensors (FOS) is reported. The separation between lead and transducer losses in the FOS is solved by converting the light intensity fluctuations to be measured into RR losses that produce high amplitude variations in the proximity of the RR resonance frequencies. Two different self-referencing techniques are developed. Via the definition of the measurement parameter RM , sensor linearity and sensitivity are analyzed. A calibration using an optical attenuator is reported to validate the model.Publicad

CWDM self-referencing sensor network based on ring resonators in reflective configuration

A new scalable self-referencing sensor network with low insertion losses implemented in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology is reported. It allows obtaining remote self-referenced measurements with a full-duplex fibre downlead up to 35 km long, with no need for optical amplification. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) are used in order to achieve a reflective configuration, thus increasing the sensitivity of the optical transducers. Low-cost off-the-shelf devices in CWDM technology can be used to implement and scale the network. Ring resonator (RR) based incoherent interferometers at the measuring points are used as selfreferencing technique. A theoretical analysis of power budget of the topology is reported, with a comparison between the proposed network and a conventional star topology. Finally, the new configuration has been experimentally demonstrated.This work has been supported by CICYT:TIC2003-03783, UC3M:FAVICOBIS and CAM:FACTOTEM-CM (S-0505/ESP/000417).Publicad

Vinylic Addition Polynorbornene in Catalysis

Vinylic addition polynorbornenes (VA-PNB) result from the insertion polymerization of norbornene or specific norbornene derivatives catalyzed by transition metal com- plexes. The VA-PNB skeleton is completely aliphatic and keeps the bicyclic structure of norbornene. This saturated polymer is thermally and chemically very stable and it is a very robust scaffold to support catalysts or reagents for catalytic applications. Several VA-PNBs are now available with suitable functional groups (halogen, alkenyl, carbonates) that can be used as starting materials to introduce the functionalization of choice by post-polymerization reactions. This has been applied to anchor organocatalysts on VA-PNB as well as ligands that can be used to synthesize supported metal catalysts. The reported examples of the use of VA-PNB-linked catalysts and their recyclability will be presented. VA-PNBs have also proved useful in the context of organotin chemistry to solve the problem of tin contamination by an efficient separation and the reuse of tin byproducts. Its uses in the Stille cross-coupling reaction and tin-hydride radical proc- esses will be discussed.MINECO (SGPI, grant CTQ2016-80913-P)Junta de Castilla y León (grants VA062G18 and VA051P17 and a fellowship to RGL

La reforma constitucional durante el Gobierno Largo de O'Donnell

Tras repasar las concepciones que sobre la Constitución de 1812 tenían las distintas opciones políticas representadas en el Parlamento Largo, el artículo se centra en analizar cómo planteó el Gobierno unionista la llamada "cuestión constituyente". Si la máxima del Gabinete fue no reabrir el debate sobre la Ley fundamental con el fin de conseguir la estabilidad política que le afianzase en el poder, la no derogación de la reaccionaria reforma de 1857 acabó provocando justamente el efecto que se quería evitar: divisiones y deserciones en las filas unionistas. La inacción del Gobierno respecto a las reformas prometidas no sólo se explica por el miedo a desencadenar disidencias en el seno de la agrupación unionista, sino también por el precario equilibrio de poder entre la Corona y el jefe del Gabinete, que dificultó que O'Donnell fuese capaz de realizar una política autónoma.Després de repassar les concepcions que sobre la Constitució de 1812 tenien les diferents opcions polítiques representades al Parlament Llarg, l'article se centra en analitzar com va plantejar el Govern unionista l'anomenada "qüestió constituent". Si la màxima del Gabinet va ser no reobrir el debat sobre la Llei fonamental per tal d'aconseguir l'estabilitat política que li afianzase al poder, la no derogació de la reaccionària reforma de 1857 va acabar provocant justament l'efecte que es volia evitar: divisions i desercions a les files unionistes. La inacció del Govern respecte a les reformes promeses no només s'explica per la por a desencadenar dissidències en el si de l'agrupació unionista, sinó també pel precari equilibri de poder entre la Corona i el cap del Gabinet, que va dificultar que O'Donnell fos capaç de fer una política autònoma.After reviewing the ideas that the different political options represented in the Parlamento Largo had about the 1812 Constitution, this article focuses on an analysis of how the Unionista Government dealt with the so called "constitutional problem". The Cabinet's bottom line was not to reopen the debate about the Constitution in order to achieve the stability needed to remain in power. Yet, the non-repeal of the reform in 1857 ended up causing the undesirable effect: division within the Unionist group. Government did not take action not to trigger further dispute within the heart of the Unionist party, as well as the precarious balance between the Crown and the head of the Cabinet. All these reasons made it difficult for O'Donnell to carry out an independent policy

Novel tuneable filter based on MZ and an amplified ring resonator for OFDM networks

IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society. 1999 Annual Meeting. 8-11 November 1999. San Francisco, CAA novel reconfigurable fibre based tuneable filter is proposed. The module relies on a cascaded connection of Mach-Zehnders and an amplified fibre ring resonator. MHz range adjustable FHWM bandwidths and high crosstalk are achieved.Publicad

Li–Yorke chaos in nonautonomous Hopf bifurcation patterns - I

We analyze the characteristics of the global attractor of a type of dissipative nonautonomous dynamical systems in terms of the Sacker and Sell spectrum of its linear part. The model gives rise to a pattern of nonautonomous Hopf bifurcation which can be understood as a generalization of the classical autonomous one. We pay special attention to the dynamics at the bifurcation point, showing the possibility of occurrence of Li-Yorke chaos in the corresponding attractor and hence of a high degree of unpredictability.MINECO/FEDER, MTM2015-66330-PEuropean Commission, H2020-MSCA-ITN-201