Antibiotic use during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring in early childhood

There is limited research on the effects of antibiotic use during pregnancy on neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring in early childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between antibiotic use during early pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes, both behavioral and cognitive, in the offspring during early childhood. This thesis examined a longitudinal study of 570 mother-child pairs where prenatal exposures and at least one neurodevelopment outcome assessment were recorded. An interview was conducted with mothers on average one year after delivery to collect information on prenatal exposures. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed between the ages 5–11 years using the cognitive-based outcomes of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) and the Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual Motor Integration-Fifth Edition (VMI-5) and behavioral-based outcomes of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Adjusted mean differences (adjMD) in outcome measures were calculated between mothers reporting antibiotics use and mothers reporting treated infections. Antibiotic use during pregnancy was not significantly associated with the two cognitive measures but was associated with increased total behavioral problems reported by mothers (adjMD: 2.60; CI: 0.50, 4.69) and teachers (adjMD 2.60; 95% CI 0.44, 4.76). Overall, antibiotics use during pregnancy was not associated with differences in childhood cognition but may be associated with greater behavior problems

Evaluating Future Dangerousness and Need for Treatment: The Roles of Expert Testimony, Attributional Complexity, and Victim Type

In the current study, we explored the effect of risk-assessment testimony, attributional complexity, and victim type on participants’ perceptions of the dangerousness of a sexually violent person and his need for treatment. Participants read details of a hypothetical sexual assault of a female minor and of an adult. Expert testimony of his risk assessment consisted of clinical opinion versus structured-clinical judgment (SCJ) versus actuarial assessment. Participants perceived clinical-opinion and SCJ testimony as equally influential when forming judgments of future dangerousness. In the context of treatment, however, participants relied on actuarial testimony when judging potential for risk. In addition, attributional complexity (AC) moderated perceptions of sexual risk. Overall, results point to the need for continued refinement of assessment techniques when determining dangerousness and need for treatment

An Examination of the Individual and Contextual Characteristics Associated with Active Shooter Events

In recent years, the US has experienced a substantial number of mass shooting incidents. This type of shooting incident has been termed “active shooter event” and encompasses shootings that occur in school settings as well as public settings and workplace venues. Much of the recent published literature addressing active shooter events appears to focus on tactical issues, such as training for and responding to this type of incident. Very little research, however, has examined the individual and contextual characteristics associated with active shooter events. In the current study we examine a number of factors related to 88 active shooting events involving 92 perpetrators. Our findings indicate a history of psychological and behavioral issues reported in more than 50% of the active shooters studied. In addition, 60% of shooters had evidence of additional stressors beyond those associated with psychological and behavioral issues. These findings highlight the need to continue to explore potential risk factors associated with this form of violence

Le psychiatre face au refus de traitement : une démarche clinique et juridique

La situation de refus de traitement pharmacologique par un patient psychiatrique est explorée dans cet article. Les principes cliniques fondamentaux et le processus dans lequel se trouve engagé le psychiatre sont exposés en articulation avec les principes juridiques et la démarche judiciaire. Des vignettes cliniques illustrent concrètement ces différents aspects.In this article, the authors discuss refusal of treatment by psychiatric patients. Basic clinical principles as well as the process in which the psychiatrist must engage are exposed with the legal aspects. Clinical vignettes concretely illustrate these different aspects.En este artfculo se explora la situaciôn del rechazo del tratamiento farmacolôgico por un paciente. Son expuestos los principios clfnicos fundamentales, articulados con los principios jurîdicos y el proceso judicial en el que se encuentra comprometido el psiquiatra. Las vinuelas clinicas ilustran concretamente cada uno de los diferentes aspectos

Madame Lajoie

Lorsque André Tremblay, vice-doyen à la recherche et à l’enseignement supérieur, m’a proposé de devenir l’assistante de recherche d’Andrée Lajoie, je ne pouvais savoir qu’il m’offrait, sur un plateau d’argent, l’aventure intellectuelle de ma vie. Elle était déjà ma professeure à la maîtrise, en voie de devenir mon modèle. Sa générosité m’impressionnait lorsqu’il s’agissait de partager ses connaissances et ses idées. Elle n’était pas celle qui n’osait le faire de crainte qu’on lui vole ses hypothèses de recherche. Sa convivialité intellectuelle l’a d’ailleurs bien servie, à preuve, les premiers lecteurs et critiques de ses textes, notamment les Jean Beetz, Jean-Louis Baudouin, Pierre Carignan, Pierre-André Côté, François Chevrette, Yves Ouellette, Gilles Pépin, Pierre Trudel et Marcel Pépin. Elle n’était pas non plus celle qui passait sous silence ce que les autres lui avaient appris et respectait ceux et celles qui ébranlaient ses certitudes ou qui demandaient d’en être convaincus. Enfin, elle voulait que la voie qu’elle traçait à ses assistants et assistantes de recherche devienne la leur, sans rien demander en retour. À cela s’ajoutaient sa profession de foi envers la psychanalyse, l’amour des chiens et le cercle enviable de ses amitiés

Winter: public enemy #1 for accessibility exploring new solutions

Abstract: Winter is expensive. For countries situated in the northern hemisphere, closer to the north pole, such as Canada, Russia and Scandinavia, winter requires the acquisition of special clothing, car tires, and sports equipment, snow removal or plowing from the streets, and is associated with the presence of ice patches, along with accidents and illnesses associated with cold weather. Fall-related injuries due to winter conditions have been estimated to cost the Canadian health care system $ 2.8 billion a year. However, the greatest cost snow entails every year is the social isolation of seniors as well as wheelchair and walker users. This results from the lack of accessibility, as it is difficult to circulate on snow-covered streets even for the able-bodied. Social isolation has been associated with other negative consequences such as depression and even suicide. This exploratory pilot study aimed at finding possible and feasible design solutions for improving the accessibility of sidewalks during winter conditions. For this project we used a Co-Design methodology. Stakeholders (City of Quebec representatives, designers, urban planners, occupational therapists, and adults with motor, visual and aural disabilities) were invited to participate in the design process. In order to meet the objectives, two main steps were carried out: 1. Conception of the design solutions (through Co-design sessions in a Focus-group format with seniors, designers and researchers); and 2. Validation of the design solutions (consultation with experts and stakeholders). The results are a wide variety of possible and feasible solutions, including the reorganisation of the snow-removal procedure and the development of heated curb cuts. This project was funded by the City of Quebec in partnership with the Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS). Ultimately, the project sought to explore possible solutions to be implemented, if feasible, in the future by the municipal government.Peer Reviewe

Pour une approche empirique des relations d’objet

Dans cet article, les auteurs abordent le concept de relations d’objet et de sa place dans les théories psychodynamiques de la personnalité et, plus particulièrement, dans la conceptualisation de Kernberg des troubles et des organisations de la personnalité. Ils tentent ensuite de montrer la pertinence d’une approche empirique des relations d’objet en rappelant quelques-unes des mesures les mieux considérées. Ils présentent le Object Relations Rating Scale (ORRS ; Diguer, 2001), une mesure nouvelle qui se démarque des autres en ce qu’elle porte sur l’interaction thérapeutique dans son ensemble, qu’elle est cohérente avec le modèle d’intervention de Kernberg et qu’elle considère l’ensemble des manifestations relationnelles. Enfin, les auteurs présentent des indices métrologiques satisfaisants à propos de cette nouvelle mesure.In this article, the authors address the concept of object relations and its place within psychodynamic theories regarding personality and, more specifically, in Kernberg’s conceptualization of personality disorders and organization. The authors attempt to demonstrate the relevance of an empirical approach to object relations by presenting some of the instruments that are most considered. The Object Relations Rating Scale (ORRS ; Diguer, 2001), a new assessment instrument that is different from the others in that it assesses the therapeutic interaction as a whole, and that it is coherent with Kernberg’s model of intervention and considers the overall relational manifestations. Finally, the authors present satisfying metrological ratings of this new instrument.En este artículo, los autores abordan el concepto de relaciones de objeto y su lugar en las teorías psicodinámicas de la personalidad, en particular, en la conceptualización de Kernberg de los trastornos y la organización de la personalidad. Enseguida intentan mostrar la pertinencia de un enfoque empírico de las relaciones de objeto, recordando algunas de las medidas consideradas como las mejores. Presentan la Object Relations Rating Scale (ORRS; Diguer, 2001), una nueva medida que se diferencia de las otras en lo que concierne a la interacción terapéutica en su conjunto, que es coherente con el modelo de intervención de Kernberg y que considera el conjunto de manifestaciones relacionales. Finalmente los autores presentan los índices metrológicos satisfactorios convenientes para esta nueva medida.Neste artigo, os autores abordam o conceito de relações de objeto e de sua importância nas teorias psicodinâmicas da personalidade e, particularmente, na conceitualização de Kernberg dos transtornos e das organizações da personalidade. Eles tentam, em seguida, demonstrar a pertinência de uma abordagem empírica das relações de objeto lembrando algumas das medidas mais consideradas. Eles apresentam a Object Relations Rating Scale (ORRS; Diguer, 2001), uma nova medida que se diferencia das outras no que concerne à interação terapêutica em sua totalidade, à coerência com o modelo de intervenção de Kernberg e à consideração de todas as manifestações relacionais. Finalmente, os autores apresentam indícios metrológicos concluentes a respeito desta nova medida