Nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% (dry matter (DM)) mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty-four feedlot Île-de-France lambs with an average age of 60 days and bodyweight (BW) of 15 kg were fed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW, at approximately 130 days old. The chemical composition of the experimental diets contained, respectively, 584.4, 569.4 and 571.8 g DM/kg; 188.8, 185.1 and 184 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 29.9, 29.5 and 25.5 Mcal/kg DM for the mulberry hay inclusion levels of 0%, 12.5% and 25.0%, with a dietary forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50. The chemical composition of the meat was 757.9 g moisture/kg DM, 208.6 g CP/kg DM, 22.9 g crude fat/kg DM and 10.5 g ash/kg DM. Cholesterol concentration (36.07 mg/100 g) in the meat was not influenced by mulberry hay inclusion of the diet. An increase was observed in the concentrations of saturated pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and arachidic acids; monounaturated heptadecenoic acid; and polyunsaturated α-linolenic, ɣ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Nervonic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations responded quadratically, representing 3.7 g/kg and 5.9 g/kg of the meat when mulberry hay was included at 16.98% and 12.56%. Omega-3 acid concentrations increased, while the omega-3 : omega-6 ratio decreased in the meat of mulberry hay-fed animals. Inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diets increases the amount of desirable fatty acids in their meat, whose nutritional characteristics are improved.Keywords: Chemical composition, fatty acids, feedlot, sheep mea

Meat quality of lambs fed different saltbush hay (Atriplex nummularia) levels

Climate changes have increased soil and water salinity, compromising animal produc- tion especially in dry areas where scientists have become more interested in halophyte plants, like saltbush. The effects of saltbush hay levels (30, 40, 50 and 60%) were evaluated based on physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory parameters of Santa Ine^s lamb meat. Thirty-two 8-month-old castrated Santa Ine^s lambs, with initial weights of 22±1.97 kg were used; they were slaughtered after 60 days in the feedlot. The pH, colour, moisture, protein and cholesterol contents did not differ among treatments. Panelists observed a greater inten- sity of lamb smell and flavour (P=0.0035) in the meat of animals that received more con- centrate in the diet. An increase in the inclu- sion of saltbush increased ash percentage (P=0.0232), total saturated (P=0.0035) and polyunsaturated (P=0.0287) fatty acids and reduced the lipids (P=0.0055) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (P=0.0058) of the meat. Therefore, salt- bush hay can be used as a feeding resource in regions with problems of water and soil salini- ty because it does not impair the physical- chemical, nutritional and sensory quality of sheep meat

Analysis Of Total Microbiota In Dentin After Mechanical Or Papain-based Chemomechanical Caries Removal

Chemomechanical caries removal, when compared with removal using conventional rotary instruments, seems to preserve healthy tooth structure with less trauma to the patient. This study performed in vivo analysis of the total number of microorganisms in dentin after the use of conventional or chemomechanical (papain gel) caries removal methods. Analyses were performed before caries removal (baseline), immediately after caries removal, and 45 days after caries removal and temporary cavity sealing. Sixty patients were selected for this study, each with two mandibular molars (one on each side) with occlusal caries of moderate depth, for a total of 120 teeth. For each patient, the carious lesion of one tooth was removed by conventional methods using low speed drills (Group 1). For the other tooth, a chemomechanical method was used (Group 2). Dentin samples were collected at the 3 intervals and subjected to microbiological culture in blood agar. For the total number of microorganisms in both groups, ANOVA and Tukey tests (which considered the baseline values as a covariable) showed a higher microbial count immediately after the preparation of the cavity compared to the count at 45 days (P < 0.05). For both groups, the total count of microorganisms in dentin decreased 45 days after placing the temporary cavity sealing.6145963Tyas, M.J., Anusavice, K.J., Francken, J.E., Mount, G.J., Minimal intervention dentistry-A review. FDI Commission Project 1-97 (2000) Int Dent J, 50 (1), pp. 1-12Kakaboura, A., Masouras, C., Staikou, O., Vougiouklakis, G., A comparative clinical study on the Carisolv caries removal method (2003) Quintessence Int, 34 (4), pp. 269-271Bussadori, S.K., Castro, L.C., Galvao, A.C., Papain gel: A new chemo-mechanical caries removal agent (2005) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30 (2), pp. 115-119Motta, L.J., Martins, M.D., Porta, K.P., Bussadori, S.K., Aesthetic restoration of deciduous anterior teeth after removal of carious tissue with Papacarie (2009) Indian J Dental Res, 20 (1), pp. 117-120Wambier, D.S., Dos Santos, F.A., Guedes-Pinto, A.C., Jaeger, R.G., Simionato, M.R., Ultrastructural and microbiological analysis of the dentin layers affected by caries lesions in primary molars treated by minimal intervention (2007) Pediatr Dent, 29 (3), pp. 228-234Fusayama, T., Two layers of carious dentin: Diagnosis and treatment (1979) Oper Dent, 4 (2), pp. 63-70Nadanovsky, P., Carneiro, F.C., Souza De Mello, F., Removal of caries using only hand instruments: A comparison of mechanical and chemo-mechanical methods (2001) Caries Res, 35 (5), pp. 384-389Goldman, M., Kronman, J.H., A preliminary report on a chemomechanical means of removing caries (1976) J Am Dent Assoc, 93 (6), pp. 1149-1153McNierney, H.D., Petruzillo, M.A., A gentle approach to operative dentistry: The Caridex caries removal system (1986) Gen Dent, 34 (4), pp. 282-284. , 1986Gu, Z.Q., Chen, Q.M., Wei, S., The clinical application of a chemomechanical caries removal system (Caridex): A comparative study (1987) Compendium, 8 (8), pp. 638-640Tonami, K., Araki, K., Mataki, S., Kurosaki, N., Effects of chloramines and sodium hypochlorite on carious dentin (2003) J Med Dent Sci, 50 (2), pp. 139-146Hosoya, Y., Kawashita, Y., Marshall Jr., G.W., Goto, G., Influence of Carisolv for resin adhesion to sound human primary dentin and young permanent dentin (2001) J Dent, 29 (3), pp. 163-171Dammaschke, T., Stratmann, U., Mokrys, K., Kaup, M., Reiner Ott, K.H., Reaction of sound and demineralised dentine to Carisolv in vivo and in vitro (2002) J Dent, 30 (1), pp. 59-65Flindt, M., Health and safety aspects of working with enzymes (1979) Proc Biochem, 13 (8), pp. 3-7Bertassoni, L.E., Marshall, G.W., Papain-gel degrades intact nonmineralized type I collagen fibrils (2009) Scanning, 31 (6), pp. 253-258Ahmed, A.A., Garcia-Godoy, F., Kunzelmann, K.H., Self-limiting caries therapy with proteolytic agents (2008) Am J Dent, 21 (5), pp. 303-312Martins, M.D., Fernandes, K.P., Motta, L.J., Santos, E.M., Pavesi, V.C., Bussadori, S.K., Biocompatibility analysis of chemomechanical caries removal material Papacarie on cultured fibroblasts and subcutaneous tissue (2009) J Dent Child, 76 (2), pp. 123-129Ikeda, T., Sandham, H.J., Bradley Jr., E.L., Changes in mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in plaque in relation to the initiation of dental caries in Negro children (1973) Arch Oral Biol, 18 (4), pp. 555-565Bentley, C., Crawford, J.J., Broderius, C.A., Analytical and physiological variability of salivary microbial counts (1988) J Dent Res, 67 (11), pp. 1409-1413Mount, G.J., Ngo, H., Minimal intervention: A new concept for operative dentistry (2000) Quintessence Int, 31 (9), pp. 527-533Bittencourt, S.T., Pereira, J.R., Rosa, A.W., Oliveira, K.S., Ghizoni, J.S., Oliveira, M.T., Mineral content removal after Papacarie application in primary teeth: A quantitative analysis (2010) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 34 (3), pp. 229-231Yip, H.K., Beeley, J.A., Stevenson, A.G., Mineral content of the dentine remaining after chemomechanical caries removal (1995) Caries Res, 29 (2), pp. 111-117Correa, F.N., Rocha, R.O., Soares, F.Z., Rodrigues-Filho, L.E., Rodrigues, C.R., Fluorescence of primary dentine after chemomechanical and conventional rotary excavation (2008) Eur Arch Paeditr Dent, 9 (3), pp. 126-129Ferreira, C.M., Da Silva Rosa, O.P., Torres, S.A., Ferreira, F.B., Bernardinelli, N., Activity of endodontic antibacterial agents against selected anaerobic bacteria (2002) Braz Dent J, 13 (2), pp. 118-122Lai, C.C., Huang, F.M., Yang, H.W., Antimicrobial activity of four root canal sealers against endodontic pathogens (2001) Clin Oral Investig, 5 (4), pp. 236-239Saha, S., Samadi, F., Jaiswal, J.N., Ghoshal, U., Antimicrobial activity of different endodontic sealers: An in vitro evaluation (2010) J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 28 (4), pp. 251-257Lula, E.C., Monteiro-Neto, V., Alves, C.M., Ribeiro, C.C., Microbiological analysis after complete or partial removal of carious dentin in primary teeth: A randomized clinical trial (2009) Caries Res, 43 (5), pp. 354-358Weerheijm, K.L., Kreulen, C.M., De Soet, J.J., Groen, H.J., Van Amerongen, W.E., Bacterial counts in carious dentine under restorations: 2-year in vivo effects (1999) Caries Res, 33 (2), pp. 130-134Weng, Y., Guo, X., Gregory, R., Xie, D., A novel antibacterial dental glass-ionomer cement (2010) Eur J Oral Sci, 118 (5), pp. 531-534Hodrova, I., Clinical procedures with Caridex system (1990) ZWR, 99 (10), pp. 795-797. , [article in German]Magalhaes, C.S., Moreira, A.N., Campos, W.R.C., Rossi, F.M., Castilho, G.A.A., Ferreira, R.C., Effectiveness and efficiency of chemomechanical carious dentin removal (2006) Braz Dent J, 17 (1), pp. 63-6

Comparison Of Transcranial Radiograph And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In The Evaluation Of Mandibular Condyle Position

Objectives: Several image modalities have been used to assess the condylar position in the glenoid fossa. However, despite the development of more advanced techniques for imaging the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the transcranial projection remains widely used in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to compare the condylar position in transcranial radiography (TRANS) with MRI. Methods: 70 matched pairs of TMJs (35 patients) who had undergone TRANS and MRI were evaluated. The TRANS scans were compared with the lateral, central and medial MRI scans, and the condylar position was assessed in the closed and open mouth position according to subjective and objective methods. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were calculated for each group and Bowker's test was used to analyse the data. Results: There was no statistical significance between TRANS and MRI (P > 0.05). However, even though there were similar mean values between them, the comparison with the lateral image showed higher values, which might be due to TRANS representing the lateral one-third of the condyle. Conclusions: It can be concluded that TRANS seems to be an acceptable method and its applicability as an adjunctive method in the condylar position should not be rejected. © 2008 The British Institute of Radiology.375293299Ren, Y.F., Isberg, A., Westesson, P.L., Condyle position in the temporomandibular joint. Comparison between asymptomatic volunteers with normal disk position and patients with disk displacement (1995) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 80, pp. 101-107Incesu, L., Taskaya-Yilmaz, N., Ogutcen-Toller, M., Uzun, E., Relationship of condylar position to disc position and morphology (2004) Eur J Radiol, 51, pp. 269-273Gateno, J., Anderson, P.B., Xia, J.J., Horng, J.C., Teichgraeber, J.F., Liebschner, M.A., A comparative assessment of mandibular condylar position in patients with anterior disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint (2004) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 62, pp. 39-43Dijkstra, P.U., de Bont, L.G., Stegenga, B., Boering, G., Temporomandibular joint mobility assessment: A comparison between four methods (1995) J Oral Rehahil, 22, pp. 439-444Usumez, S., Oz, F., Guray, E., Comparison of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses in patients with TMD history (2004) J Oral Rehabil, 31, pp. 52-56Westesson, P.L., Reliability and validity of imaging diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder (1993) Adv Dent Res, 7, pp. 137-151Ozawa, S., Boering, G., Kawata, T., Tanimoto, K., Tanne, K., Reconsideration of the TMJ condylar position during internal derangement: Comparison between condylar position on tomogram and degree of disk displacement on MRI (1999) Cranio, 17, pp. 93-100Tsuruta, A., Yamada, K., Hanada, K., Hosogai, A., Kohno, S., Koyama, J., The relationship between morphological changes of the condyle and condylar position in the glenoid fossa (2004) J Orofac Pain, 18, pp. 148-155Pullinger, A., Hollender, L., Variation in condyle-fossa relationships according to different methods of evaluation in tomograms (1986) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 62, pp. 719-727Hollender, L., Barclay, P., Maravilla, K., Terry, V., A new coronal imaging plane for magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint disc (1998) Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 27, pp. 48-50Mohl, N.D., Reliability and validity of diagnostic modalities for temporomandibular disorders (1993) Adv Dent Res, 7, pp. 113-119Kurita, H., Ohtsuka, A., Kobayashi, H., Kurashina, K., A study of the relationship between the position of the condylar head and displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk (2001) Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 30, pp. 162-165Weinberg, L.A., What we really see in a TMJ radiograph (1973) J Prosthet Dent, 30, pp. 898-913Weinberg, L.A., Role of condylar position in TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome (1979) J Prosthet Dent, 41, pp. 636-643Serra, M.D., Gaviao, M.B., Evaluation of condylar position from transcranial projections in primary dentition (2006) Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 35, pp. 110-116Kaplan, A.S., Assael, L.A., (1991) Temporomandibular disorders: Diagnosis and treatment, , Philadelphia, PA: WB SaundersLiedberg, J., Rohlin, M., Westesson, P.L., Observer performance in assessment of condylar position in temporomandibular joint radiograms (1985) Acta Odontol Scand, 43, pp. 53-58Brand, J.W., Whinery Jr., J.G., Anderson, Q.N., Keenan, K.M., Condylar position as a predictor of temporomandibular joint internal derangement (1989) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 67, pp. 469-47

Usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identifying clinical Trichosporon isolates

AbstractTrichosporon spp. have recently emerged as significant human pathogens. Identification of these species is important, both for epidemiological purposes and for therapeutic management, but conventional identification based on biochemical traits is hindered by the lack of updates to the species databases provided by the different commercial systems. In this study, 93 strains, or isolates, belonging to 16 Trichosporon species were subjected to both molecular identification using IGS1 gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time-of-flight (MALDI–TOF) analysis. Our results confirmed the limits of biochemical systems for identifying Trichosporon species, because only 27 (36%) of the isolates were correctly identified using them. Different protein extraction procedures were evaluated, revealing that incubation for 30 min with 70% formic acid yields the spectra with the highest scores. Among the six different reference spectra databases that were tested, a specific one composed of 18 reference strains plus seven clinical isolates allowed the correct identification of 67 of the 68 clinical isolates (98.5%). Although until recently it has been less widely applied to the basidiomycetous fungi, MALDI–TOF appears to be a valuable tool for identifying clinical Trichosporon isolates at the species level

Classificação de coeficientes de variação na experimentação com nutrição de eqüinos Classification of the coefficient of variation in experimentation with equine nutrition

Foi realizada a classificação de coeficientes de variação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibras em detergente neutro e ácido, energia bruta, fibra bruta, celulose, hemicelulose, lignina, extrato etéreo e ganho de peso diário, com base em artigos científicos e teses em eqüinocultura. Os coeficientes de variação foram classificados em: baixo [<(m-1DP)]; médio [(m-1D)<CV<(m+1DP)]; alto [(m+1DP)<CV<(m+2DP)]; e muito alto [>(m+2DP)]. Todas as respostas medidas apresentaram distribuição normal pelo teste Lilliefors. Quanto aos coeficientes de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro e celulose, houve concordância entre a classificação proposta e a sugerida na literatura, sendo os mais discrepantes os coeficientes de digestibilidade da energia bruta e lignina. Desse modo, para cada variável analisada existe distribuição diferenciada dos coeficientes de variação, o que sugere a necessidade de classificação específica para as respostas medidas em nutrição de eqüinos.<br>Coefficients of variation (CV) distribution for several variables in equine nutrition were obtained. The data are from theses and published scientific papers in equine nutrition. The CV were classified as low [CV&pound;(m-1sd)]; medium [(m-1sd)<CV<(m+1sd)]; high [(m+1sd)<CV<(m+2sd)] and very high [CV>(m+2sd)]. The Lilliefors test for all variables showed no discrepancy from normal distribution. The distributions obtained for coefficients of digestibility for cellulose and fibre in neutral and acid detergent, were close enough to the classification suggested in the literature. However, the distributions for coefficient of digestibility for gross energy and lignin, showed high discrepancies from this classification suggesting that trial precision should be evaluated according to the variable considered. There is a different distribution for coefficients of variation for each variable suggesting the need of specific classification for each characteristic in equine studies