Design and construction of the MicroBooNE detector

This paper describes the design and construction of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber and associated systems. MicroBooNE is the first phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment of physics topics. In this document details of design specifications, assembly procedures, and acceptance tests are reported

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Secchi depth calculations in BALTSEM

Secchi depth measurements have been carried out for over 100 years in the Baltic Sea and the changes in Secchi depth give indications of the development of phytoplankton biomass in response to eutrophication. In the implementation of the ecosystem approach to Baltic Sea management, indicators based on Secchi depth are unique in that targets representing a good environmental status can be obtained from actual observations, whereas most other indicators lack observational evidence of a reference state representing conditions before substantial eutrophication. In the on‐going revision of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, new targets on e.g., Secchi depth have been developed (HELCOM2012). The following step is to use modeling to find nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea, so called Maximum Allowable Inputs, that result in ecosystem changes so that eventually the good environmental status indicated by the targets is reached. This modeling effort is carried out using the coupled physical‐biogeochemical model BALTSEM developed at BNI. The BALTSEM model resolves the Baltic Sea horizontally with 13 sub‐basins, but each of these with high vertical resolution. The biogeochemical model includes inorganic and bioavailable organic nitrogen, phosphorus and silica, three phytoplankton groups, zooplankton and oxygen. Benthic nutrient regeneration and retention are modeled in addition. This report describes a statistical post‐processing algorithm to calculate Secchi depth from BALTSEM results to provide additional accuracy and confidence of Secchi depth estimates compared to the simplistic intrinsic transparency calculations within the BALTSEM model. The additional quality in the Secchi depth calculation results isof major importance for the results of the calculation of the Maximum Allowable Inputs

Secchi depth calculations in BALTSEM

Secchi depth measurements have been carried out for over 100 years in the Baltic Sea and the changes in Secchi depth give indications of the development of phytoplankton biomass in response to eutrophication. In the implementation of the ecosystem approach to Baltic Sea management, indicators based on Secchi depth are unique in that targets representing a good environmental status can be obtained from actual observations, whereas most other indicators lack observational evidence of a reference state representing conditions before substantial eutrophication. In the on‐going revision of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, new targets on e.g., Secchi depth have been developed (HELCOM2012). The following step is to use modeling to find nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea, so called Maximum Allowable Inputs, that result in ecosystem changes so that eventually the good environmental status indicated by the targets is reached. This modeling effort is carried out using the coupled physical‐biogeochemical model BALTSEM developed at BNI. The BALTSEM model resolves the Baltic Sea horizontally with 13 sub‐basins, but each of these with high vertical resolution. The biogeochemical model includes inorganic and bioavailable organic nitrogen, phosphorus and silica, three phytoplankton groups, zooplankton and oxygen. Benthic nutrient regeneration and retention are modeled in addition. This report describes a statistical post‐processing algorithm to calculate Secchi depth from BALTSEM results to provide additional accuracy and confidence of Secchi depth estimates compared to the simplistic intrinsic transparency calculations within the BALTSEM model. The additional quality in the Secchi depth calculation results isof major importance for the results of the calculation of the Maximum Allowable Inputs

Factors associated with substance use and sexual behavior among drug users in three mountainous provinces of Vietnam

10.3390/ijerph15091885International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health159188