Gene transcription analysis during interaction between potato and Ralstonia solanacearum

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) is an important quarantine disease that spreads worldwide and infects hundreds of plant species. The BW defense response of potato is a complicated continuous process, which involves transcription of a battery of genes. The molecular mechanisms of potato-Rs interactions are poorly understood. In this study, we combined suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray hybridization to identify genes that are differentially expressed during the incompatible interaction between Rs and potato. In total, 302 differentially expressed genes were identified and classified into 12 groups according to their putative biological functions. Of 302 genes, 81 were considered as Rs resistance-related genes based on the homology to genes of known function, and they have putative roles in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, transcription factor functioning, hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance, and cell rescue and protection. Additionally, 50 out of 302 genes had no match or low similarity in the NCBI databases, and they may represent novel genes. Of seven interesting genes analyzed via RNA gel blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, six were induced, one was suppressed, and all had different transcription patterns. The results demonstrate that the response of potato against Rs is rapid and involves the induction of numerous various genes. The genes identified in this study add to our knowledge of potato resistance to Rs

Microscopic study of oil recovery by carbon dioxide. Final report, October 1, 1978-August 31, 1980

Visual examinations of microscopic behavior of CO/sub 2/ flooding processes were conducted using a high pressure glass-bead packed transparent flow tube. The apparatus and techniques developed have made it possible to observe the physical phenomena of the displacement of oil by CO/sub 2/ under both miscible and immiscible conditions. Effects of CO/sub 2/ slug size and formation dip on oil recovery were also investigated. The results have been recorded in a series of magnified color photographs for after-run study and interpretation. Four natural crude oils ranging from API gravities of 15 to 48 were chosen for displacement tests. The majority of the tests were performed at a temperature of 120/sup 0/F and pressures from 1000 to 2500 psi. Three types of displacement, namely: (a) immiscible, (b) semi-miscible, and (c) miscible, were observed within the testing pressure range. Type (b) is a dispersion process in which oil is disintegrated into micro-size particles and transported in the CO/sub 2/ stream. More than one type of displacement could exist simultaneously in a flooding system. A CO/sub 2/ slug that is too large is wasteful and can cause early CO/sub 2/ breakthrough. A slug that is too small would allow the trailing water to channel through the oil bank and thus degenerate to an ordinary waterflooding; nevertheless, the oil recovery would be significantly increased over that achieved by a straight waterflooding

Stacked optical antennas for plasmon propagation in a 5 nm-confined cavity

The sub-wavelength concentration and propagation of electromagnetic energy are two complementary aspects of plasmonics that are not necessarily co-present in a single nanosystem. Here we exploit the strong nanofocusing properties of stacked optical antennas in order to highly concentrate the electromagnetic energy into a 5 nm metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cavity and convert free radiation into guided modes. The proposed nano-architecture combines the concentration properties of optical nanoantennas with the propagation capability of MIM systems, paving the way to highly miniaturized on-chip plasmonic waveguiding

A T-odd observable sensitive to CP violating phases in squark decay

We present a new observable sensitive to a certain combination of CP violating phases in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, viz. a triple product of momenta in the cascade decay of a heavy squark via an on-shell neutralino and off-shell slepton. We investigate the regions of parameter space in which the signal is strong enough to be detectable at the LHC with $\sim \bigl(10^2-10^3\bigr)/\sin^2(2\Delta\phi)$ identified events, where $\Delta\phi$ is a certain combination of phases in the MSSM presented in the text.Comment: Several references adde

Chemical Instability of the Cobalt Oxyhydrate Superconductor under Ambient Conditions

The layered sodium cobalt oxyhydrate superconductor Na0.3CoO2*1.4H2O is shown through X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric studies to be one of a series of hydrated phases of Na0.3CoO2. Further, it is shown that the material is exceptionally sensitive to both temperature and humidity near ambient conditions, easily dehydrating to a non-superconducting lower hydrate. The observation of this stable lower hydrate with c=13.8 angstroms implies that the superconductivity turns on in this system between CoO2 layer spacings of 6.9 and 9.9 angstroms at nominally constant chemical doping.Comment: 10 pages and 4 figure

Baryon Number Fluctuation and the Quark-Gluon Plasma

We show that $\omega_B$ or $\omega_{\bar B}$, the squared baryon or antibaryon number fluctuation per baryon or antibaryon, is a possible signature for the quark-gluon plasma that is expected to be created in relativistic heavy ion collisions, as it is a factor of three smaller than in an equilibrated hadronic matter due to the fractional baryon number of quarks. Using kinetic equations with exact baryon number conservation, we find that their values in an equilibrated matter are half of those expected from a Poisson distribution. Effects due to finite acceptance and non-zero net baryon number are also studied.Comment: discussion and references added, version to appear in PR

How to Stop (Worrying and Love) the Bubble: Boundary Changing Solutions

We discover that a class of bubbles of nothing are embedded as time dependent scaling limits of previous spacelike-brane solutions. With the right initial conditions, a near-bubble solution can relax its expansion and open the compact circle. Thermodynamics of the new class of solutions is discussed and the relationships between brane/flux transitions, tachyon condensation and imaginary D-branes are outlined. Finally, a related class of simultaneous connected S-branes are also examined.Comment: 47 pages; v2 introduction to Weyl cards added, comments added, references added, typos corrected, matches JHEP versio

Probabilistic Simulation of Shape Instability Based on the True Microstructure Model

Shape instability belongs to one of significant types of violation for disposable structural elements under high-stress levels. Due to lack of fundamental data on materials, it is quite problematic to consider the shape instability in the design of disposable structural elements. The crystal plastic finite element method is proposed to investigate the dispersion of shape instability life data. It allows these data to be obtained from traditional material parameters. The shape instability behavior is described with the constitutive crystal model of plastic damage accumulation. Then, to improve the accuracy of life prediction, the new method is developed to construct the simulation model of true microstructure. A modeling algorithm based on the image processing technology is provided to reduce the virtual stresses from the transient crystal plastic modeling method. Comparison of experimental and predicted results shows good agreement at high stresses close to the elastic limit of the material.Одним из видов потери устойчивости является формоизменение элементов конструкции одноразового применения при высоких уровнях напряжений. Отсутствие основных данных о материалах не позволяет учесть этот параметр при их проектировании. Предложен метод конечных элементов в пластической постановке для оценки разброса данных о сроке службы элемента при его формоизменении. Для этого могут быть использованы традиционные параметры материала. Характер формоизменения описывается с помощью определяющей модели накопления пластических повреждений на кристалле. Разработан новый метод построения имитационной модели реальной микроструктуры с целью повышения точности прогнозирования срока службы. Моделирующий алгоритм, основанный на технологии обработки изображения, позволяет уменьшить эффект виртуальных напряжений при применении нестационарного метода пластического моделирования на кристалле. Сравнение экспериментальных и расчетных данных демонстрирует их хорошее соответствие при высоких напряжениях, близких к пределу упругости материала

Robust H-infinity filtering for 2-D systems with intermittent measurements

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust H∞ filtering for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) systems with intermittent measurements. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be of polytopic type, and the measurements transmission is assumed to be imperfect, which is modeled by a stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution. Our attention is focused on the design of an H∞ filter such that the filtering error system is stochastically stable and preserves a guaranteed H∞ performance. This problem is solved in the parameter-dependent framework, which is much less conservative than the quadratic approach. By introducing some slack matrix variables, the coupling between the positive definite matrices and the system matrices is eliminated, which greatly facilitates the filter design procedure. The corresponding results are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily tested by using standard numerical software. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approac

Communication: Magnetic dipole transitions in the oh a 2σ+ ← x 2π system

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