33 research outputs found
Feasibility of a Small, Rapid Optical-to-IR Response, Next Generation Gamma Ray Burst Mission
We present motivations for and study feasibility of a small, rapid optical to
IR response gamma ray burst (GRB) space observatory. By analyzing existing GRB
data, we give realistic detection rates for X-ray and optical/IR instruments of
modest size under actual flight conditions. Given new capabilities of fast
optical/IR response (about 1 s to target) and simultaneous multi-band imaging,
such an observatory can have a reasonable event rate, likely leading to new
science. Requiring a Swift-like orbit, duty cycle, and observing constraints, a
Swift-BAT scaled down to 190 square cm of detector area would still detect and
locate about 27 GRB per yr. for a trigger threshold of 6.5 sigma. About 23
percent of X-ray located GRB would be detected optically for a 10 cm diameter
instrument (about 6 per yr. for the 6.5 sigma X-ray trigger).Comment: Elaborated text version of a poster presented at 2012 Malaga/Marbella
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Analysis of the availability of medicines for the treatment of servicemen with injury and wound of the brain
The most important areas that determine the effectiveness of the medical support system at all stages of providing medical assistance to servicemen is the rational use and availability of medicines and pharmaceutical assistance in general. Under the influence of the situation in eastern Ukraine, the instability of the market economy, the existing budget deficit for the military medical service, the availability of certain groups of drugs is of particular relevance, which fully applies to drugs for the pharmacotherapy of injuries and brain injuries.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the availability of medicines for pharmacotherapy of injuries and wounds of the brain.
In conducting the study, the following methods of analysis were used: system-review, bibliographic and marketing.
Analysis of scientific literature data showed that for pharmacotherapy of craniocerebral wounds and injuries such groups of drugs as psychoanaleptics (N06), blood substitutes and perfusion solutions (B05), peripheral vasodilators (C04), calcium antagonists (C08), analgesics (N02) are used. and psycholeptic drugs (N05), etc., which counted 1 300 trade names of drugs.
The analysis of the pharmaceutical market in recent years has allowed us to single out three main factors (index) affecting the growth of expenditures on drug provision for servicemen, the replacement index; inflation index; innovation index
Analyzing the availability of drugs by price proposals, it was found that the number of inaccessible drugs decreased within five years by more than 30% and amounts to 7.93% or 103 drugs from the total range of drugs for medical support of servicemen with injury and wound of the brain. That is why it is advisable to conclude that the replacement index has almost no effect on reducing the level of drug costs for servicemen/
In the study of the inflation index, it was found that the pricing of domestic drugs depends on the level of inflation, the cost of foreign-made drugs is in direct proportion to the growth of the dollar.
Analysis of the innovation index of the domestic drug market for medical support of servicemen with injury and wound of the brain showed that only 77 original drugs are used for pharmacotherapy, which is 5.92% of the total number of drugs
The detection of neutrino interactions in the emulsion/lead target of the OPERA experiment
The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS)
was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in
appearance mode through the study of oscillations. The
apparatus consists of an emulsion/lead target complemented by electronic
detectors and it is placed in the high energy long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam
(CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were
successfully carried out in 2007 and 2008 with the detector fully operational
with its related facilities for the emulsion handling and analysis. After a
brief description of the beam and of the experimental setup we report on the
collection, reconstruction and analysis procedures of first samples of neutrino
interaction events
Emulsion sheet doublets as interface trackers for the OPERA experiment
New methods for efficient and unambiguous interconnection between electronic
counters and target units based on nuclear photographic emulsion films have
been developed. The application to the OPERA experiment, that aims at detecting
oscillations between mu neutrino and tau neutrino in the CNGS neutrino beam, is
reported in this paper. In order to reduce background due to latent tracks
collected before installation in the detector, on-site large-scale treatments
of the emulsions ("refreshing") have been applied. Changeable Sheet (CSd)
packages, each made of a doublet of emulsion films, have been designed,
assembled and coupled to the OPERA target units ("ECC bricks"). A device has
been built to print X-ray spots for accurate interconnection both within the
CSd and between the CSd and the related ECC brick. Sample emulsion films have
been extensively scanned with state-of-the-art automated optical microscopes.
Efficient track-matching and powerful background rejection have been achieved
in tests with electronically tagged penetrating muons. Further improvement of
in-doublet film alignment was obtained by matching the pattern of low-energy
electron tracks. The commissioning of the overall OPERA alignment procedure is
in progress.Comment: 19 pages, 19 figure
Measurement of the atmospheric muon charge ratio with the OPERA detector
The OPERA detector at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) was used
to measure the atmospheric muon charge ratio in the TeV energy region. We
analyzed 403069 atmospheric muons corresponding to 113.4 days of livetime
during the 2008 CNGS run. We computed separately the muon charge ratio for
single and for multiple muon events in order to select different energy regions
of the primary cosmic ray spectrum and to test the charge ratio dependence on
the primary composition. The measured charge ratio values were corrected taking
into account the charge-misidentification errors. Data have also been grouped
in five bins of the "vertical surface energy". A fit to a simplified model of
muon production in the atmosphere allowed the determination of the pion and
kaon charge ratios weighted by the cosmic ray energy spectrum.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Study of the effects induced by lead on the emulsion films of the OPERA experiment
The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion
Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very
high precision tracking detectors are interleaved with lead plates providing a
massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the
effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low
radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background
tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the
reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical
elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may
significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed
study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties
and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective
radioactivity.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Observation of a first candidate in the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam
The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS)
has been designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in
direct appearance mode through the study of the
channel. The hybrid apparatus consists of an emulsion/lead target complemented
by electronic detectors and it is placed in the high energy long-baseline CERN
to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS
neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2008 and 2009. After a brief
description of the beam, the experimental setup and the procedures used for the
analysis of the neutrino events, we describe the topology and kinematics of a
first candidate charged-current event satisfying the kinematical
selection criteria. The background calculations and their cross-check are
explained in detail and the significance of the event is assessed.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure
Study of microbiological purity with myramistin, anesthezine and CO2 extract of chamomile for use in surgical practice
Any finished dosage forms, including soft dosage forms, are subject to microbial contamination. It can be caused by microbial contamination of plant-based medicinal raw materials, air, industrial premises, equipment, utensils, water, personnel’s hands, general non-compliance with the sanitary and epidemic regime of production, etc.
The aim of the study was to conduct a biological study of the developed cream with Miramistin, anesthesin and CO2 chamomile extract in terms of “microbiological purity” in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
The object of the study was CO2 chamomile extract, anesthesin, miramistin, emulsifiers, the developed cream.
Quantitative determination of the colony forming units of test microorganisms in suspensions was carried out by hanging in Petri dishes with soybean casein agar for bacteria and Saburo medium for fungi.
Studies of the microbiological purity of the investigated samples of the cream were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 1 ed., Paragraph 5.1.4.. Tests were performed using the direct sowing method. The assessment of the degree of microbial contamination of the investigated creams samples consisted of determining the total number of aerobic bacteria and fungi in 1.0 g of the sample, as well as the absence of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa.
To verify the study conditions, a negative control study was performed using a sterile solvent for hanging on nutrient media.
On the basis of experimental studies, it was found that the optimum method is membrane filtration for determining the total number of viable aerobic bacteria, and for fungi, the direct hanging method.
In the course of the experiment, it was established that the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms is less than 100, and yeast and mold fungi are less than 10 per 1 g of each sample; St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa and some other gram-negative bacteria are not defined, which meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine