1,599 research outputs found
The breeding cycle of male Liza dumerili (Teleostei: Mugilidae) in the mouth of the Swartkops wstuary
The breeding cycle of male Liza dumerili was studied in the Swartkops Estuary using a visual index, a gonosomatic index and a histological index. Histological studies were superior to any other means of establishing the breeding cycle in detail. Male fish were in the inactive or non-breeding state during the winter months. During early spring the gonads started to mature and full ripeness was attained during December and January. January and February were the main spawning months, and in addition a short spawning peak might be present during October. The seasonal appearance of spermatogonia in the testes is discussed
Broadband modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability
The magnetar model has been proposed to explain the apparent energy injection
in the X-ray light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), but its
implications across the full broadband spectrum are not well explored. We
investigate the broadband modelling of four SGRBs with evidence for energy
injection in their X-ray light curves, applying a physically motivated model in
which a newly formed magnetar injects energy into a forward shock as it loses
angular momentum along open field lines. By performing an order of magnitude
search for the underlying physical parameters in the blast wave, we constrain
the characteristic break frequencies of the synchrotron spectrum against their
manifestations in the available multi-wavelength observations for each burst.
The application of the magnetar energy injection profile restricts the
successful matches to a limited family of models that are self-consistent
within the magnetic dipole spin-down framework.We produce synthetic light
curves that describe how the radio signatures of these SGRBs ought to have
looked given the restrictions imposed by the available data, and discuss the
detectability of these signatures with present-day and near-future radio
telescopes. Our results show that both the Atacama Large Millimetre Array and
the upgraded Very Large Array are now sensitive enough to detect the radio
signature within two weeks of trigger in most SGRBs, assuming our sample is
representative of the population as a whole. We also find that the upcoming
Square Kilometre Array will be sensitive to depths greater than those of our
lower limit predictions.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA
Reduction in mesenchymal stem cell numbers in premature aging DNA repair deficient TTD mice
Background: Mice carrying mutations in DNA repair genes often show signs of accelerated ageing and therefore can be used as a model system to study age related diseases like osteoporosis. It has been shown that TTD mice, carrying a mutation in the nucleotide excision repair gene XPD (xeroderma pigmentosa group D), display features of ageing related osteoporosis as well as adipose tissue hypoplasia. Since both cell types involved, osteoblasts as well as adipocytes, arise from the same mesenchymal stem cell population, the aim of the current project was to study the number, proliferation and differentiation potential of these cells in TTD compared to wild type (WT) mice. This might provide us with useful information concerning the mechanism behind age-related osteoporosis and the loss of adipose tissue.Methods: Bone marrow from old TTD and WT mice was cultured under osteogenic or adipogenic conditions and analysed for alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), mineralisation (osteoblast) and lipid deposition (adipocyte).Results: Under osteogenic conditions the number of ALP-positive colonies after 9 and 14 days of culture was significantly decreased (p=0.02) in TTD compared to WT mice. The rate at which new ALP-positive colonies are formed between day 9 and day 14 of culture has not changed between TTD and WT mice, indicating that the decrease in colony number is not due to a delay in differentiation. Mineralisation of ALP-positive colonies did not seem to be affected, with a borderline significant decrease on day 14 at the onset of mineralisation but no significant changes on day 21 of culture. Lipid deposition was strongly reduced in TTD compared to WT mice (p=0.01) after 35 days of culture.Conclusions: The observed reduction in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation indicates a reduction of mesenchymal stem cell numbers in TTD mice. This reduction in mesenchymal stem cell numbers and the corresponding decline in osteoblast differentiation could explain the premature osteoporotic features observed in TTD mice. In line with this, the reduction of mesenchymal stem cells and adipocyte differentiation may underlie the adipose tissue hypoplasia observed in TTD mice
Probing the Nature of Short Swift Bursts via Deep INTEGRAL Monitoring of GRB 050925
We present results from Swift, XMM-Newton, and deep INTEGRAL monitoring in
the region of GRB 050925. This short Swift burst is a candidate for a newly
discovered soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) with the following observational burst
properties: 1) galactic plane (b=-0.1 deg) localization, 2) 150 msec duration,
and 3) a blackbody rather than a simple power-law spectral shape (with a
significance level of 97%). We found two possible X-ray counterparts of GRB
050925 by comparing the X-ray images from Swift XRT and XMM-Newton. Both X-ray
sources show the transient behavior with a power-law decay index shallower than
-1. We found no hard X-ray emission nor any additional burst from the location
of GRB 050925 in ~5 Ms of INTEGRAL data. We discuss about the three BATSE short
bursts which might be associated with GRB 050925, based on their location and
the duration. Assuming GRB 050925 is associated with the H II regions (W 58) at
the galactic longitude of l=70 deg, we also discuss the source frame properties
of GRB 050925.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ASR special issue
on Neutron Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts, full resolution of Fig 5 is available
at
http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Takanori.Sakamoto/GRB050925/integral_ibis_images.ep
Leukocyte telomere length and left ventricular function after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction:data from the glycometabolic intervention as adjunct to primary coronary intervention in ST elevation myocardial infarction (GIPS-III) trial
Background Telomere length has been associated with coronary artery disease and heart failure. We studied whether leukocyte telomere length is associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was determined using the monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method in 353 patients participating in the glycometabolic intervention as adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention in STEMI III trial. LVEF was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. The mean age of patients was 58.9 +/- A 11.6 years, 75 % were male. In age- and gender-adjusted models, LTL at baseline was significantly associated with age (beta +/- A standard error; -0.33 +/- A 0.01; P <0.01), gender (0.15 +/- A 0.03; P <0.01), TIMI flow pre-PCI (0.05 +/- A 0.03; P <0.01), TIMI flow post-PCI (0.03 +/- A 0.04; P <0.01), myocardial blush grade (-0.05 +/- A 0.07; P <0.01), serum glucose levels (-0.11 +/- A 0.01; P = 0.03), and total leukocyte count (-0.11 +/- A 0.01; P = 0.04). At 4 months after STEMI, LVEF was well preserved (54.1 +/- A 8.4 %) and was not associated with baseline LTL (P = 0.95). Baseline LTL was associated with n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 4 months (-0.14 +/- A 0.01; P = 0.02), albeit not independent for age and gender. Conclusion Our study does not support a role for LTL as a causal factor related to left ventricular ejection fraction after STEMI
Quantification and identification of sperm subpopulations using computer-aided sperm analysis and species-specific cut-off values for swimming speed
Motility is an essential characteristic of all fl agellated spermatozoa and assessment of this parameter
is one criterion for most semen or sperm evaluations. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA)
can be used to measure sperm motility more objectively and accurately than manual methods,
provided that analysis techniques are standardized. Previous studies have shown that evaluation
of sperm subpopulations is more important than analyzing the total motile sperm population
alone. We developed a quantitative method to determine cut-off values for swimming speed to
identify three sperm subpopulations. We used the Sperm Class Analyzer ® (SCA) CASA system
to assess the total percentage of motile spermatozoa in a sperm preparation as well as the
percentages of rapid, medium and slow swimming spermatozoa for six mammalian species.
Curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values were adjusted manually for each species to include 80%
rapid, 15% medium and 5% slow swimming spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the same VCL
intervals cannot be used for all species to classify spermatozoa according to swimming speed.
After VCL intervals were adjusted for each species, three unique sperm subpopulations could be
identifi ed. The effects of medical treatments on sperm motility become apparent in changes in
the distribution of spermatozoa among the three swimming speed classes.Web of Scienc
The impact of a reduced dose of dexamethasone on glucose control after coronary artery bypass surgery
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Intensive insulin therapy to maintain normoglycemia after cardiac surgery reduces morbidity and mortality. We investigated the magnitude and duration of hyperglycemia caused by dexamethasone administered after cardiopulmonary bypass.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A single-center before-after cohort study was performed. All consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass during a 6-month period were included. Insulin administration was guided by a sliding scale protocol. Halfway the observation period, the dexamethasone protocol was changed. The single dose (1D) group received a pre-operative dose of dexamethasone of 1 mg/kg. The double dose group (2D) received an additional dose of 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone post-operatively at ICU admission.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We included 116 patients in the 1D group and 158 patients in the 2D group. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. Median Euroscore was 5. In univariable analysis, the glucose level was different between groups 1D and 2D at 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after ICU admission (all p < 0.001). Insulin infusion was higher in the 1D group. Corrected for insulin dose in multivariable linear analysis, the difference in glucose between the 1D and 2D groups was 1.5 mmol/L (95% confidence interval 1.0–2.0, p < 0.001) 12 hours after ICU admission.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Dexamethasone exerts a hyperglycemic effect in cardiac surgery patients. Patients receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy should be monitored and treated more intensively for hyperglycemic episodes.</p
MAXI J1659-152: the shortest orbital period black-hole binary
Following the detection of a bright new X-ray source, MAXI J1659-152, a
series of observations was triggered with almost all currently flying
high-energy missions. We report here on XMM-Newton, INTEGRAL and RXTE
observations during the early phase of the X-ray outburst of this transient
black-hole candidate. We confirm the dipping nature in the X-ray light curves.
We find that the dips recur on a period of 2.4139+/-0.0005 hrs, and interpret
this as the orbital period of the system. It is thus the shortest period
black-hole X-ray binary known to date. Using the various observables, we derive
the properties of the source. The inclination of the accretion disk with
respect to the line of sight is estimated to be 60-75 degrees. The companion
star to the black hole is possibly a M5 dwarf star, with a mass and radius of
about 0.15 M_sun and 0.23 R_sun, respectively. The system is rather compact
(orbital separation is about 1.35 R_sun) and is located at a distance of
roughly 7 kpc. In quiescence, MAXI J1659-152 is expected to be optically faint,
about 28 mag in the V-band.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the 4th
International MAXI Workshop `The First Year of MAXI: Monitoring variable
X-ray sources', 2010 Nov 30 - Dec 2, Tokyo, Japa
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