129 research outputs found
Index-aware model order reduction for differential-algebraic equations
We introduce a model order reduction procedure for differential-algebraic equations, which is based on the intrinsic differential equation contained in the starting system and on the remaining algebraic constraints. We implement numerically this procedure and show numerical evidence of its validity
Index-aware model order reduction for index-2 differential-algebraic equations
A model order reduction (MOR) method for index-2 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is introduced, which is based on the intrinsic differential equations contained in the starting system and on the remaining algebraic constraints. This extends the method introduced in a previous paper for index-1 DAEs. This procedure is implemented numerically and the results show numerical evidence of its robustness over the traditional methods
Index-aware model order reduction for index-2 differential-algebraic equations
A model order reduction (MOR) method for index-2 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is introduced, which is based on the intrinsic differential equations contained in the starting system and on the remaining algebraic constraints. This extends the method introduced in a previous paper for index-1 DAEs. This procedure is implemented numerically and the results show numerical evidence of its robustness over the traditional methods
Proximal adductor avulsions are rarely isolated but usually involve injury to the PLAC and pectineus: Descriptive MRI findings in 145 athletes
Purpose The purpose of the study is to review the MRI findings in a cohort of athletes who sustained acute traumatic avulsions of the adductor longus fibrocartilaginous entheses, and to investigate related injuries namely the pyramidalis- anterior pubic ligament - adductor longus complex (PLAC). Associated muscle and soft tissue injuries were also assessed. Methods The MRIs were reviewed for a partial or complete avulsion of the adductor longus fibrocartilage, as well as continuity or separation of the adductor longus from the pyramidalis. The presence of a concurrent partial pectineus tear was noted. Demographic data was analysed. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine associations between injuries. Results The mean age was 32.5 (SD 10.9). The pyramidalis was absent in 3 of 145 patients. 85 of 145 athletes were professional and 52 competed in the football Premier League. 132 had complete avulsions and 13 partial. The adductor longus was in continuity with pyramidalis in 55 athletes, partially separated in seven and completely in 81 athletes. 48 athletes with a PLAC injury had a partial pectineus avulsion. Six types of PLAC injuries patterns were identified. Associated rectus abdominis injuries were rare and only occurred in five patients (3.5%). Conclusion The proximal adductor longus forms part of the PLAC and is rarely an isolated injury. The term PLAC injury is more appropriate term. MRI imaging should assess all the anatomical components of the PLAC post-injury, allowing recognition of the differentpatterns of injury
On compact models for high-voltage MOS devices
Fast evaluation of integrated circuits(ICs) requires the validity of so-called compact models, i.e. simple-to-evaluate relations between the voltages and the currents in the IC-components. In this paper the compact model for a particular IC part, the LDMOS device, is studied
An Iterative Model Reduction Scheme for Quadratic-Bilinear Descriptor Systems with an Application to Navier-Stokes Equations
We discuss model reduction for a particular class of quadratic-bilinear (QB)
descriptor systems. The main goal of this article is to extend the recently
studied interpolation-based optimal model reduction framework for QBODEs
[Benner et al. '16] to a class of descriptor systems in an efficient and
reliable way. Recently, it has been shown in the case of linear or bilinear
systems that a direct extension of interpolation-based model reduction
techniques to descriptor systems, without any modifications, may lead to poor
reduced-order systems. Therefore, for the analysis, we aim at transforming the
considered QB descriptor system into an equivalent QBODE system by means of
projectors for which standard model reduction techniques for QBODEs can be
employed, including aforementioned interpolation scheme. Subsequently, we
discuss related computational issues, thus resulting in a modified algorithm
that allows us to construct \emph{near}--optimal reduced-order systems without
explicitly computing the projectors used in the analysis. The efficiency of the
proposed algorithm is illustrated by means of a numerical example, obtained via
semi-discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations
The pyramidalis-anterior pubic ligament-adductor longus complex (PLAC) and its role with adductor injuries: a new anatomical concept.
PURPOSE: Adductor longus injuries are complex. The conflict between views in the recent literature and various nineteenth-century anatomy books regarding symphyseal and perisymphyseal anatomy can lead to difficulties in MRI interpretation and treatment decisions. The aim of the study is to systematically investigate the pyramidalis muscle and its anatomical connections with adductor longus and rectus abdominis, to elucidate injury patterns occurring with adductor avulsions. METHODS: A layered dissection of the soft tissues of the anterior symphyseal area was performed on seven fresh-frozen male cadavers. The dimensions of the pyramidalis muscle were measured and anatomical connections with adductor longus, rectus abdominis and aponeuroses examined. RESULTS: The pyramidalis is the only abdominal muscle anterior to the pubic bone and was found bilaterally in all specimens. It arises from the pubic crest and anterior pubic ligament and attaches to the linea alba on the medial border. The proximal adductor longus attaches to the pubic crest and anterior pubic ligament. The anterior pubic ligament is also a fascial anchor point connecting the lower anterior abdominal aponeurosis and fascia lata. The rectus abdominis, however, is not attached to the adductor longus; its lateral tendon attaches to the cranial border of the pubis; and its slender internal tendon attaches inferiorly to the symphysis with fascia lata and gracilis. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a strong direct connection between the pyramidalis muscle and adductor longus tendon via the anterior pubic ligament, and it introduces the new anatomical concept of the pyramidalis-anterior pubic ligament-adductor longus complex (PLAC). Knowledge of these anatomical relationships should be employed to aid in image interpretation and treatment planning with proximal adductor avulsions. In particular, MRI imaging should be employed for all proximal adductor longus avulsions to assess the integrity of the PLAC
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