Meaning in the mind within the sociocultural commitment of Cognitive Linguistics

The article reviews the problem of meaning construction and language use in the field of sociocultural cognitive semantics, focusing on meaning as a dynamic experience construction process represented by virtue of language within multiple networks of human knowledge. After outlining the core theoretical assumptions, the article examines the empirical evidence on the processes that underlie the generation of meaning. The paper presents five outcomes for both usage-based theory and empirical linguistic methodology. In reviewing the evidence, we highlight issues of alternative potential explanations as well as remaining areas for future research. The approach establishes new findings and authentic contributions to cognitive linguistics

Molecular genetic markers of myocardial infarction in combination with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To study associations of rs2464196 and rs11212617 polymorphisms with the development of myocardial infarction (MI) in combination with type 2 diabetes  (T2D).Material and methods. The study included two groups: main group (n=115) — patients with prior myocardial infarction and T2D, comparison  group (n=116) — patients with myocardial  infarction without T2D, hospitalized  from December 1, 2018 to December  31, 2019 at the Regional Vascular Center № 1 of the City Clinical Hospital № 1. Participants were comparable in sex and age. Patients underwent  clinical and instrumental investigations,  a genetic test for single nucleotide polymorphisms, which showed associations with the development  of MI and T2D according to genome-wide  association study (GWAS): rs2464196 of the HNF1A  gene, rs11212617 of the ATM gene.Results. Carriage of the AA genotype of the HNF1A  rs2464196 polymorphism was found to be associated MI in combination with T2D in the general group (odds  ratio (OR), 3,180, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,206-8,387, p=0,015). After division of the group by sex, significant differences  remained only in women (OR=9,706, 95% CI, 1,188-79,325, p=0,011).Conclusion. The data obtained can make it possible to identify a priority group of patients for personalized prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Galectin-3 as a Marker of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Aim. To assess the effect of renal dysfunction on the galectin-3 level in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with preserved, intermediate and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods. Along with a clinical examination, 69 patients with HF (NYHA class II-IV) underwent tests for the level of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 in serum using enzyme immunoassay.Results. Study participants were divided into 3 groups: 23 patients with preserved EF (HFpEF), 26 patients with midrange EF (HFmrEF), 20 patients with reduced EF (HFrEF). There was a trend to increase the concentration of galectin-3 with increase in NT-proBNP level. Correlation analysis showed significant feedback (r=−0.41, p<0.05) between galectin-3 and EF only in patients with preserved systolic function. In the same group of HFpEF patients, the maximum serum galectin-3 level was 10.5 [6.5; 14.5] ng/ml. Serum galectin-3 level showed negative correlated with the GFR in patients with CHF (r=−0.513, p<0.05). In patients with HF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 it was higher than in patients with GFR>60 ml/min/1.72 m2 (9 [5.3; 12.6] ng/mL vs 11.8 [6.2; 15.3] ng/mL, p<0.05). According to the ROC-analysis data, galectin-3 level >10.3 ng/ml indicates a high risk of chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 stage development (sensitivity 60%, specificity 75%) and can be considered as a risk factor for development of cardiorenal syndrome in HF patients.Conclusion. Galectin-3 level in patients with HF is more influenced by the degree of reduction in GFR rather than the left ventricular systolic function impairment

Relationships between the activity of neurohormonal systems and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with heart failure: focus on galectin-3

The introduction of novel biomarkers necessitates their detailed study in patients with different heart failure (HF) phenotypes as part of a personalized approach to assessing the disease severity and predicting outcomes.Aim. To assessthe activity of following neurohormonal systems: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 in HF with preserved, mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods.  In 69 patients with NYHA class II-IV HF,  along with a general clinical examination, the level of NT-proBNP and serum galectin-3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Patients included in the study were divided into 3 groups: preserved EF (HFpEF) — 23 patients, mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF) — 26 patients, and reduced EF (HFrEF) — 20 patients. In patients with HF, the level of galectin-3 did not directly depend on EF, but was associated with NT-proBNP level as follows: there was a tendency to increase the concentration of galectin-3 in the tertile groups of NT-proBNP. Correlation analysis revealed significant feedback (r=-0,41, p<0,05) between galectin-3 and left ventricular EF only in patients with preserved systolic function. In the same group of HFpEF patients, the maximum values of serum galectin-3 indices were noted, reaching 10,5 [6,5; 14,5] ng/ml.Conclusion. Analysis of neurohormonal activity demonstrated a unidirectional increase in NT-proBNP and galectin-3 in patients with HF, regardless of left ventricular EF, while the maximum values of galetin-3 were observed in patients with HFpEF

Six pelagic seabird species of the North Atlantic engage in a fly-and-forage strategy during their migratory movements

Funding Information: We thank all the fieldworkers for their hard work collecting data. Funding for this study was provided by the Norwegian Ministry for Climate and the Environment, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Oil and Gas Association along with 8 oil companies through the SEATRACK project (www. seapop. no/ en/ seatrack). Fieldwork in Norwegian colonies (incl. Svalbard and Jan Mayen) was supported by the SEAPOP program (www.seapop.no, grant no. 192141). The French Polar Institute (IPEV project 330 to O.C.) supported field operation for Kongsfjord kittiwakes. The work on the Isle of May was also supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Award NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCaPE programme delivering National Capability). We thank Maria Bogdanova for field support and data processing. Finally, we thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their help improving the first version of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

NMDA Receptor Hypofunction Leads to Generalized and Persistent Aberrant γ Oscillations Independent of Hyperlocomotion and the State of Consciousness

International audienceNMDAr antagonists acutely produces, in the rodent CNS, generalized aberrant gamma oscillations, which are not dependent on hyperlocomotion-related brain state or conscious sensorimotor processing. These findings suggest that NMDAr hypofunction-related generalized gamma hypersynchronies represent an aberrant diffuse network noise, a potential electrophysiological correlate of a psychotic-like state. Such generalized noise might cause dysfunction of brain operations, including the impairments in cognition and sensorimotor integration seen in schizophrenia

Evolution of chronic heart failure syndrome in a patient with myocardial infarction and complex rhythm disturbances

Abstract: today the problem of chronic heart failure as a complication of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases continues to be relevant, due to the increase in the prevalence of heart failure, especially the severe stage of heart disease and the main causes of deaths of this cohort of patients. The article presents a clinical case of chronic heart failure syndrome with complex rhythm disturbances in the patient against the background of the transferred transmural myocardial infarction and hypertension. The authors demonstrated that after a thorough assessment of the risk and benefit of various treatment methods, the therapeutic and surgical tactics of management of the patient in this clinical situation were correctly chosen, which allowed not only to prolong life, but also to improve the quality of life of the patient. Thus, in this clinical case, we show the importance of personalized therapy in the progression of chronic heart failure syndrome in patients with combined cardiovascular disease.На сегодняшний день проблема хронической сердечной недостаточности, как осложнение инфаркта миокарда и другой сердечно-сосудистой патологии продолжает оставаться актуальной, связно это с увеличением распространенности сердечной недостаточности, особенно тяжелой стадии поражения сердца и основными причинами летальных исходов данной когорты пациентов. В статье представлен клинический случай синдрома хронической сердечной недостаточности со сложными нарушениями ритма у пациента на фоне перенесенного трансмурального инфаркта миокарда и гипертонической болезни. Авторами продемонстрировано, как после тщательной оценки риска и пользы различных методов лечения была правильно подобрана терапевтическая и хирургическая тактика ведения больного в данной клинической ситуации, что позволило не только продлить жизнь, но и улучшить качество жизни пациента. Таким образом, данным клиническим случаем мы показываем важность персонифицированной терапии при прогрессировании синдрома хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов с сочетанной сердечно-сосудистой патологией

Use of nanomaterials in the pretreatment of water samples for environmental analysis

The challenge of providing clean drinking water is of enormous relevance in today’s human civilization, being essential for human consumption, but also for agriculture, livestock and several industrial applications. In addition to remediation strategies, the accurate monitoring of pollutants in water sup-plies, which most of the times are present at low concentrations, is a critical challenge. The usual low concentration of target analytes, the presence of in-terferents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with instrumental techniques and detectors are the main reasons that renders sample preparation a relevant part of environmental monitoring strategies. The discovery and ap-plication of new nanomaterials allowed improvements on the pretreatment of water samples, with benefits in terms of speed, reliability and sensitivity in analysis. In this chapter, the use of nanomaterials in solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols for water samples pretreatment for environmental monitoring is addressed. The most used nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal organic frameworks, molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, silica-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites are described, and their applications and advantages overviewed. Main gaps are identified and new directions on the field are suggested.publishe