La petrolización de la economía mexicana

Con el riesgo implícito que se incurre al expresar una definición puntual, este trabajo intenta definir la "petrolización" como el fenómeno en el que un número de variables macroeconómcas se modifican a causa de un peso creciente del elemento petrolero. En términos histórico concretos para México, el proceso de petrolización de la economía se inicia a mediados de la década de los setenta cunado el Estado mexicano decide convertir el petróleo nacional en el elemento central del desarrollo

Multipartite entanglement percolation

We present percolation strategies based on multipartite measurements to propagate entanglement in quantum networks. We consider networks spanned on regular lattices whose bonds correspond to pure but non-maximally entangled pairs of qubits, with any quantum operation allowed at the nodes. Despite significant effort in the past, improvements over naive (classical) percolation strategies have been found for only few lattices, often with restrictions on the initial amount of entanglement in the bonds. In contrast, multipartite entanglement percolation outperform the classical percolation protocols, as well as all previously known quantum ones, over the entire range of initial entanglement and for every lattice that we considered.Comment: revtex4, 4 page

Enhancement of Entanglement Percolation in Quantum Networks via Lattice Transformations

We study strategies for establishing long-distance entanglement in quantum networks. Specifically, we consider networks consisting of regular lattices of nodes, in which the nearest neighbors share a pure, but non-maximally entangled pair of qubits. We look for strategies that use local operations and classical communication. We compare the classical entanglement percolation protocol, in which every network connection is converted with a certain probability to a singlet, with protocols in which classical entanglement percolation is preceded by measurements designed to transform the lattice structure in a way that enhances entanglement percolation. We analyze five examples of such comparisons between protocols and point out certain rules and regularities in their performance as a function of degree of entanglement and choice of operations.Comment: 12 pages, 17 figures, revtex4. changes from v3: minor stylistic changes for journal reviewer, minor changes to figures for journal edito

Distribution of entanglement in networks of bi-partite full-rank mixed states

We study quantum entanglement distribution on networks with full-rank bi-partite mixed states linking qubits on nodes. In particular, we use entanglement swapping and purification to partially entangle widely separated nodes. The simplest method consists of performing entanglement swappings along the shortest chain of links connecting the two nodes. However, we show that this method may be improved upon by choosing a protocol with a specific ordering of swappings and purifications. A priori, the design that produces optimal improvement is not clear. However, we parametrize the choices and find that the optimal values depend strongly on the desired measure of improvement. As an initial application, we apply the new improved protocols to the Erd\"os--R\'enyi network and obtain results including low density limits and an exact calculation of the average entanglement gained at the critical point.Comment: 15 pages, 19 figures. New version includes improvements suggested in referee repor

Momento Económico (37)

Temas de hoy. 2/ México 1987: el año de la econornia desigual. Mario J. Zepeda M. 3/ La petrolización de la economía mexicana. Miguel Breceda Lspeyre. 6/ Del saneamiento de la economía a la injusticia social. Javier Delgadillo Macías. 9/ La transición política: una revisión crítica. Isidro H. Cisneros Ramírez. 13/ FAO: alimentación y crisis en América Latina. Pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe. 16

Pricing Exotic Options in a Path Integral Approach

In the framework of Black-Scholes-Merton model of financial derivatives, a path integral approach to option pricing is presented. A general formula to price European path dependent options on multidimensional assets is obtained and implemented by means of various flexible and efficient algorithms. As an example, we detail the cases of Asian, barrier knock out, reverse cliquet and basket call options, evaluating prices and Greeks. The numerical results are compared with those obtained with other procedures used in quantitative finance and found to be in good agreement. In particular, when pricing at-the-money and out-of-the-money options, the path integral approach exhibits competitive performances.Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, 6 table