153 research outputs found
In-hospital and out-of-hospital stroke in patients with COVID-19: two different diseases?
Background: Ischemic stroke is a known complication of COVID-19. It may have a different pathogenesis and worse outcome compared to stroke in patients without COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with COVID-19 and out-of-hospital stroke onset might have different characteristics compared to patients with COVID-19 and in-hospital stroke onset. The aim of our study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with stroke with and without COVID-19 and of patients with COVID-19 with in-hospital and out-of-hospital stroke. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with ischemic stroke between October 2020 and February 2021. We compared functional outcome, lab test, demographic, and clinical characteristics between patients with or without COVID-19. We performed a sub-analysis comparing patients with COVID-19 and in-hospital and out-of-hospital stroke onset. Results: We included in the final analysis 137 patients of whom 26 with COVID-19. Half (13) had out-of-hospital stroke and half in-hospital stroke onset. Overall, patients with COVID-19 had higher mortality compared to the control group (27% vs 9%, p: 0.02), and non-significantly lower rate of good functional outcome (50% vs 63%, p: 0.22). Patients with COVID-19 and out-of-hospital stroke had higher rate of good functional outcome (69% vs 39%, p: 0.05), higher lymphocyte count, and lower D-dimer compared with patients with in-hospital stroke onset. Conclusions: Patients with stroke and COVID-19 had higher mortality compared to patients without COVID-19. Among patients with COVID-19 those with out-of-hospital stroke had better outcome and fewer blood test abnormalities compared to patients with in-hospital stroke
Ogre and Pythia: An Invariance Proof Method for Weak Consistency Models
We design an invariance proof method for concurrent programs parameterised by a weak consistency model. The calculational design of the invariance proof method is by abstract interpretation of a truly parallel analytic semantics. This generalises the methods by Lamport and Owicki-Gries for sequential consistency. We use cat as an example of language to write consistency specifications of both concurrent programs and machine architectures
Hall Effect of Spin Waves in Frustrated Magnets
We examine a possible spin Hall effect for localized spin systems with no
charge degrees of freedom. In this scenario, a longitudinal magnetic field
gradient induces a transverse spin current carried by spin wave excitations
with an anomalous velocity which is associated with the Berry curvature raised
by spin chirality, in analogy with anomalous Hall effects in itinerant electron
systems. Our argument is based on a semiclassical equations of motion
applicable to general spin systems. Also, a microscopic model of frustrated
magnets which exhibits the anamalous spin Hall effect is presented.Comment: 5 pages, title and presentation style are changed, accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Determinacy analysis for logic programs using mode and type information
We propose an analysis for detecting procedures and goals
that are deterministic (i.e. that produce at most one solution), or predicates whose clause tests are mutually exclusive (which implies that at most one of their clauses will succeed) even if they are not deterministic (because they cali other predicates that can produce more than one solution). Applications of such determinacy information include detecting programming errors, performing certain high-level program transformations for improving search efñciency, optimizing low level code generation and parallel execution, and estimating tighter upper bounds on the computational costs of goals and data sizes, which can be used for program debugging, resource consumption and granularity control, etc. We have implemented the analysis and integrated it in the CiaoPP system, which also infers automatically the mode and type information that our analysis takes as input. Experiments performed on this implementation show that the analysis is fairly accurate and efncient
Abstract Interpretation of Indexed Grammars.
Indexed grammars are a generalization of context-free grammars and recognize a proper subset of context-sensitive languages. The class of languages recognized by indexed grammars are called indexed languages and they correspond to the languages recognized by nested stack automata. For example indexed grammars can recognize the language {a^n b^n c^n | n > = 1} which is not context-free, but they cannot recognize {(ab^n)^n) | n >= 1} which is context-sensitive. Indexed grammars identify a set of languages that are more expressive than context-free languages, while having decidability results that lie in between the ones of context-free and context-sensitive languages. In this work we study indexed grammars in order to formalize the relation between indexed languages and the other classes of languages in the Chomsky hierarchy. To this end, we provide a fixpoint characterization of the languages recognized by an indexed grammar and we study possible ways to abstract, in the abstract interpretation sense, these languages and their grammars into context-free and regular languages
Concurrent and Reactive Constraint Programming
The Italian Logic Programming community has given several contributions to the theory of Concurrent Constraint Programming. In particular, in the topics of semantics, verification, and timed extensions. In this paper we review the main lines of research and contributions of the community in this fiel
Program Verification by Using DISCOVERER
Recent advances in program verification indicate that various verification problems can be reduced to semi-algebraic system (SAS for short) solving. An SAS consists of polynomial equations and polynomial inequalities. Algorithms for quantifier elimination of real closed fields are the general method for those problems. But the general method usually has low efficiency for specific problems. To overcome the bottleneck of program verification with a symbolic approach, one has to combine special techniques with the general method. Based on the work of complete discrimination systems of polynomials [33,31], we invented new theories and algorithms [32,30,35] for SAS solving and partly implemented them as a real symbolic computation tool in Maple named DISCOVERER. In this paper, we first summarize the results that we have done so far both on SAS-solving and program verification with DISCOVERER, and then discuss the future work in this direction, including SAS-solving itself, termination analysis and invariant generation of programs, and reachability computation of hybrid systems etc. ? IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2008.EI
Positive Boolean Functions as Multiheaded Clauses
Boolean functions are ubiquitous in the analysis of (constraint) logic programs. The domain of positive Boolean functions, Pos, has been used for expressing, for example, groundness, finiteness and sharing dependencies. The performance of an analyser based on Boolean functions is critically dependent on the way in which the functions are represented. This paper discusses multiheaded clauses as a representation of positive Boolean functions. The domain operations for multiheaded clauses are conceptually simple and can be implemented straightforwardly in Prolog. Moreover these operations generalise those for the less algorithmically complex operations of propositional Horn clauses, leading to naturally stratified algorithms. The multiheaded clause representation is used to build a Pos-based groundness analyser. The analyser performs surprisingly well and scales smoothly, not requiring widening to analyse any program in the benchmark suite
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