The Odonatoptera of the Late Permian Lodève Basin (Insecta)

El descubrimiento de una numerosa y variada fauna de Odonatoptera en el Pérmico Superior rojo de la cuenca de Lodève pone en cuestión la hipótesis de un paleoclima seco a muy seco para este yacimiento. Sugiere la presencia de masas de agua más o menos permanentes, rodeadas por una importante diversidad de medios terrestres. El descubrimiento de grandes a muy grandes ejemplares de Meganeuridae contradice la existencia de una relación directa entre la disminución de la talla de cuerpo y de las alas de los insectos durante el Pérmico Superior, y el decrecimiento de la tasa de oxígeno atmosférico en esta época

Notostraca trackways in Permian playa environments of the Lodève basin (France)

Durante casi veinte años, el Dr Lapeyrie, cirujano en Lodève, ha reunido numerosos fósiles provenientes de la Formación del Salagou de la cuenca pérmica de Lodève. Los mismos incluyen insectos, notostráceos, plantas e icnofósiles. Entre los últimos, hay una multitud de pistas de artrópodos, muy bien preservadas, las cuales fueron recogidas en el techo de secuencias depositadas en alrededores de lagos tipo playa. Experimentos sobre locomoción de artrópodos efectuados con animales actuales sugieren que la mayoría de las pistas estudidas fueron producidas por Notostracos de los cuales se han encontrado algunos millares de restos (caparazónes, apéndices, cuerpos enteros) asignados a Triops cancriformis permiensis y Lepidurus occitaniacus. Todos estos rastros fueron producidos de forma subacuática y corresponden a diferentes eto-morfotipos conocidos en la literatura con el nombre de Acripes para las huellas de locomoción, de Rusophycus para las de descanso y excavación (posiciones horizontales, proclinales y opistoclinales) y de Cruziana para locomoción y excavación activa. Numerosas planchas fósiliferas permiten ver claramente el paso de una actividad a la otra. Esta situación fue registrada en una película con Lepidurus actuales. Se reconocieron los icnotaxones Acribes multiformis nov. isp, Rusophycus eutendorfensis, R. carbonarius, R. versans, R. minutus, R. furcosus, Cruziana problematica, C. pascens y, menos abundantemente, Scoyenia isp. También fueron encontradas numerosas pisadas, destacando la icnofacies Scoyenia, encontrándose solamente en los «overbank settings». Para la Formación del Salagou, éstos corresponden a llanuras de inundación/playas donde las zonas inundadas eran temporales y de poca profundidad, y en las que vivían Notostracos, Insectos, Aracnidos y Concostracos (= Spinicaudata + Laevicaudata), este último grupo conocido solamente por cuerpos-fósiles. Este ambiente de playa distal, desarrollado en un clima árido, ha perdurado durante una gran parte del Pérmico, posiblemente entre el Cisuraliense superior y el Lopingiense inferior

Extending the footprint record of Pareiasauromorpha to the Cisuralian : earlier appearance and wider palaeobiogeography of the group

Pareiasauromorpha is one of the most important tetrapod groups of the Permian. Skeletal evidence suggests a late Kungurian origin in North America, whereas the majority of occurrences come from the Guadalupian and Lopingian of South Africa and Russia. However, Pareiasauromorpha footprints include the ichnogenus Pachypes, which is unknown from strata older than late Guadalupian. A revision of several Pachypes-like footprints from the Cisuralian-Guadalupian of Europe and North America confirm the occurrence of this ichnogenus and of the ichnospecies Pachypes ollieri comb. nov. beginning in the Artinskian. This is the earliest known occurrence of Pachypes and it coincides with the Artinskian reptile radiation. Based on a synapomorphy-based track-trackmaker correlation, P. ollieri can be attributed to nycteroleter pareiasauromorphs such as Macroleter. Therefore, the earliest occurrences of pareiasauromorph footprints precede by at least 10 myr the earliest occurrence of this group in the skeletal record. Moreover, the palaeobiogeography of the group is extended to the Cisuralian and Guadalupian of western Europe

New lithostratigraphy for the Cantabrian Mountains: A common tectono-stratigraphic evolution for the onset of the Alpine cycle in the W Pyrenean realm, N Spain

The Pyrenean-Cantabrian Orogen arose through the collision of the Iberian and Eurasian plates, mostly in Cenozoic times. This orogen comprises two main mountain ranges, the Pyrenees to the east, and the Cantabrian Mountains to the west. To date, the early Alpine tectono-sedimentary phases preserved in the Cantabrian Mountains, of Permian and Triassic age, have been considered independently from the same phases in neighbouring basins of SW Europe, and even from the eastern part of the same orogeny (the Pyrenean orogeny). In consequence, the beginning of the Alpine cycle in the Cantabrian Mountains has been interpreted within a specific geodynamic context, far from the general evolutionary phases of the western Peri-Tethys basins. Through detailed field work, including geological mapping, sedimentology, lithostratigraphy and petrology of volcanic rocks, and new palaeontological data, here we define several new lithostratigraphical formations and five new tectono-sedimentary cycles (TS I-V) for the initial phases of evolution of the Mesozoic Basque-Cantabrian Basin, interrupted by periods of tectonic stability. To complete this information, we include data from an onshore borehole (Villabona Mine) and two offshore boreholes constrained by 2D reflection seismic profiles acquired in the North Iberian continental platform. The main tectono-sedimentary cycles, related to the deposition of five major identified lithostratigraphic units, can be described as follows: TS I (late Gzelian-early Asselian), relating to the late Variscan deformation and preserved in a single outcrop in all the Cantabrian Mountains (San Tirso Formation). This formation is constituted by medium-distal alluvial fan deposits in which humid intervals predominate, forming some thin coal beds. TS II (Asselian-Sakmarian), a post-Variscan extensional phase with associated calc-alkaline magmatism, represented by profuse volcanic and volcanosedimentary intercalations in the early Permian sedimentary basins (Acebal Formation) and small plutons in surrounding areas. TS III (Kungurian), or reactivation of the post-Variscan extension leading to alluvial and lacustrine carbonate sedimentation in arid climate conditions, which do not change during the rest of the Permian and Triassic periods (Sotres Formation). A generalized karstification in the basin represents the end of Permian deposition, followed by an interruption in sedimentation longer than 30 Myr. The Permian tectono-sedimentary cycles (TS II and TS III) are contemporary with Variscan belt collapse and the basins are controlled by extensional reactivation of NE-SW and E-W Variscan structures, and NW-SE late Variscan structures. TS IV (late Anisian–middle Carnian), renewed sedimentation in more extensive basins, precursors of the great Mesozoic Basque-Cantabrian Basin. This cycle is represented by fluvial deposits (Cicera Formation, or Buntsandstein facies), which are interrupted by the first Mesozoic marine ingression (Rueda Formation, or Muschelkalk facies). TS V (Norian-Rhaetian), or shallow marine carbonate deposits (Transición Formation) related to increasingly compartmentalized sub-basins, controlled by normal faults. This final TS is broadly connected with different basins of the western Peri-Tethys domain. The identification of units TS I-V in the Cantabrian Mountains along with the volcanic character of TS II, all indicate the development of a common post-Variscan to early Alpine tectono-sedimentary evolution for the whole Pyrenean-Cantabrian realm

No association between fear of hypoglycemia and blood glucose variability in type 1 diabetes: The cross-sectional VARDIA study

AIMS: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), treatment efficacy is limited by the unpredictability of blood glucose results and glycemic variability (GV). Fear of Hypoglycemia (FOH) remains a major brake for insulin treatment optimization. We aimed to assess the association of GV with FOH in participants with T1D in an observational cross-sectional study performed in 9 French Diabetes Centres (NCT02790060). METHODS: Participants were T1D for ≥5 years, aged 18-75 years, on stable insulin therapy for ≥3 months. The coefficient of variation (CV) of blood glucose and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were used to assess GV from 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). FOH was assessed using the validated French version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II) questionnaire. RESULTS: Among a total of 570 recruited participants, 298 were suitable for analysis: 46% women, 58% on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII], mean age 49 ± 16 years, HbA1c 7.5 ± 0.9%, HFS-II score 67 ± 18 and 12% with recent history of severe hypoglycemia during the previous 6 months, mean CV 39.8 ± 9.7% and MAGE 119 ± 42 mg/dL. CV and MAGE did not significantly correlate with HFS-II score (R = -0.05;P = 0.457 and R = 0.08;P = 0.170). Participants with severe hypoglycemia in the previous 6 months had higher HFS scores. Participants with higher HFS scores presented more hypoglycemias during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: FOH as determined using the HFS-II questionnaire was not associated with 7-point SMBG variability in participants with T1D, but was associated with a positive history of severe hypoglycemia. Higher FOH was associated with higher frequency of hypoglycemia during follow-up

Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (ZDES) using turbulent inflow and high order schemes: application to jet flows.

This paper presents a numerical investigation of a round jet using a synthetic method to generate some free-stream turbulence into the jet core. Be-sides, this work also aims at evaluating the added advantage of the use of high-order numerical schemes - namely the AUSM+P spatial scheme with MUSCL extrapolation of the 3rd and 5th order - for this type of simulations. Academic test cases are presented to illustrate the main properties of the numerical methods used, then the Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (ZDES) of a round jet is scrutinized with an emphasis on the influence of the injected synthetic turbulence