Measurement of electric fields in the ionosphere Final report, Aug. 1966 - Sep. 1969

Measurement of electric fields in environmen

Generalized thermodynamic uncertainty relations

We analyze ensemble in which energy (E), temperature (T) and multiplicity (N) can all fluctuate and with the help of nonextensive statistics we propose a relation connecting all fluctuating variables. It generalizes Lindhard's thermodynamic uncertainty relations known in literature.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, version to occur in Physica A (2011); doi:10.1016/j.physa.2011.05.00

Multiplicity Distributions in Canonical and Microcanonical Statistical Ensembles

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technique for calculation of observables, in particular multiplicity distributions, in various statistical ensembles at finite volume. The method is based on Fourier analysis of the grand canonical partition function. Taylor expansion of the generating function is used to separate contributions to the partition function in their power in volume. We employ Laplace's asymptotic expansion to show that any equilibrium distribution of multiplicity, charge, energy, etc. tends to a multivariate normal distribution in the thermodynamic limit. Gram-Charlier expansion allows additionally for calculation of finite volume corrections. Analytical formulas are presented for inclusion of resonance decay and finite acceptance effects directly into the system partition function. This paper consolidates and extends previously published results of current investigation into properties of statistical ensembles.Comment: 53 pages, 7 figure

Multiplicity Fluctuations in Hadron-Resonance Gas

The charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations are considered in the canonical ensemble. The microscopic correlator method is extended to include three conserved charges: baryon number, electric charge and strangeness. The analytical formulae are presented that allow to include resonance decay contributions to correlations and fluctuations. We make the predictions for the scaled variances of negative, positive and all charged hadrons in the most central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions for different collision energies from SIS and AGS to SPS and RHIC.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Strongly Intensive Measures for Multiplicity Fluctuations

The recently proposed two families of strongly intensive measures of fluctuations and correlations are studied within Hadron-String-Dynamics (HSD) transport approach to nucleus-nucleus collisions. We consider the measures $\Delta^{K\pi}$ and $\Sigma^{K\pi}$ for kaon and pion multiplicities in Au+Au collisions in a wide range of collision energies and centralities. These strongly intensive measures appear to cancel the participant number fluctuations. This allows to enlarge the centrality window in the analysis of event-by-event fluctuations up to at least of 10% most central collisions. We also present a comparison of the HSD results with the data of NA49 and STAR collaborations. The HSD describes $\Sigma^{K\pi}$ reasonably well. However, the HSD results depend monotonously on collision energy and do not reproduce the bump-deep structure of $\Delta^{K\pi}$ observed from the NA49 data in the region of the center of mass energy of nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 8\div 12$ GeV. This fact deserves further studies. The origin of this `structure' is not connected with simple geometrical or limited acceptance effects, as these effects are taken into account in the HSD simulations

Genome of Drosophila suzukii, the spotted wing drosophila.

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (spotted wing drosophila) has recently become a serious pest of a wide variety of fruit crops in the United States as well as in Europe, leading to substantial yearly crop losses. To enable basic and applied research of this important pest, we sequenced the D. suzukii genome to obtain a high-quality reference sequence. Here, we discuss the basic properties of the genome and transcriptome and describe patterns of genome evolution in D. suzukii and its close relatives. Our analyses and genome annotations are presented in a web portal, SpottedWingFlyBase, to facilitate public access

Resonances and fluctuations at SPS and RHIC

We perform an analysis of preliminary data on hadron yields and fluctuations within the Statistical hadronization ansatz. We describe the theoretical disagreements between different statistical models currently on the market, and show how the simultaneous analysis of yields and fluctuations can be used to determine if one of them can be connected to underlying physics. We perform such an analysis on preliminary RHIC and SPS A-A data that includes particle yields, ratios and event by event fluctuations. We show that the equilibrium statistical model can not describe the $K/\pi$ fluctuation measured at RHIC and SPS, unless an unrealistically small volume is assumed. Such small volume then makes it impossible to describe the total particle multiplicity. The non-equilibrium model,on the other hand, describes both the $K/\pi$ fluctuation and yields acceptably due to the extra boost to the $\pi$ fluctuation provided by the high pion chemical potential. We show, however, that both models significantly over-estimate the $p/\pi$ fluctuation measured at the SPS, and speculate for the reason behind this.Comment: Presented at Hot Quarks, 2006 In press, European Physical Journal

Thermodynamic Derivation of the Tsallis and R\'enyi Entropy Formulas and the Temperature of Quark-Gluon Plasma

We derive Tsallis entropy, Sq, from universal thermostat independence and obtain the functional form of the corresponding generalized entropy-probability relation. Our result for finite thermostats interprets thermodynamically the subsystem temperature, T1, and the index q in terms of the temperature, T, entropy, S, and heat capacity, C of the reservoir as T1 = T exp(-S/C) and q = 1 - 1/C. In the infinite C limit, irrespective to the value of S, the Boltzmann-Gibbs approach is fully recovered. We apply this framework for the experimental determination of the original temperature of a finite thermostat, T, from the analysis of hadron spectra produced in high energy collisions, by analyzing frequently considered simple models of the quark-gluon plasma.Comment: 4 pages 1 Figure PRL style, revised presentatio

Adaptive Gene Expression Divergence Inferred from Population Genomics

Detailed studies of individual genes have shown that gene expression divergence often results from adaptive evolution of regulatory sequence. Genome-wide analyses, however, have yet to unite patterns of gene expression with polymorphism and divergence to infer population genetic mechanisms underlying expression evolution. Here, we combined genomic expression data—analyzed in a phylogenetic context—with whole genome light-shotgun sequence data from six Drosophila simulans lines and reference sequences from D. melanogaster and D. yakuba. These data allowed us to use molecular population genetics to test for neutral versus adaptive gene expression divergence on a genomic scale. We identified recent and recurrent adaptive evolution along the D. simulans lineage by contrasting sequence polymorphism within D. simulans to divergence from D. melanogaster and D. yakuba. Genes that evolved higher levels of expression in D. simulans have experienced adaptive evolution of the associated 3′ flanking and amino acid sequence. Concomitantly, these genes are also decelerating in their rates of protein evolution, which is in agreement with the finding that highly expressed genes evolve slowly. Interestingly, adaptive evolution in 5′ cis-regulatory regions did not correspond strongly with expression evolution. Our results provide a genomic view of the intimate link between selection acting on a phenotype and associated genic evolution