The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and its use for the identification of fireball fragmentation

We propose an application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for rapidity distributions of individual events in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The test is particularly suitable to recognise non-statistical differences between the events. Thus when applied to a narrow centrality class it could indicate differences between events which would not be expected if all events evolve according to the same scenario. In particular, as an example we assume here a possible fragmentation of the fireball into smaller pieces at the quark/hadron phase transition. Quantitative studies are performed with a Monte Carlo model capable of simulating such a distribution of hadrons. We conclude that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a very powerful tool for the identification of the fragmentation process.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Orchestrating Tuple-based Languages

The World Wide Web can be thought of as a global computing architecture supporting the deployment of distributed networked applications. Currently, such applications can be programmed by resorting mainly to two distinct paradigms: one devised for orchestrating distributed services, and the other designed for coordinating distributed (possibly mobile) agents. In this paper, the issue of designing a pro- gramming language aiming at reconciling orchestration and coordination is investigated. Taking as starting point the orchestration calculus Orc and the tuple-based coordination language Klaim, a new formalism is introduced combining concepts and primitives of the original calculi. To demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a prototype implementation of the new formalism is described and it is then used to tackle a case study dealing with a simplified but realistic electronic marketplace, where a number of on-line stores allow client applications to access information about their goods and to place orders

Carrier - envelope phase-tagged imaging of the controlled electron acceleration from SiO2 nanospheres in intense few-cycle laser fields

Waveform-controlled light fields offer the possibility of manipulating ultrafast electronic processes on sub-cycle timescales. The optical lightwave control of the collective electron motion in nanostructured materials is key to the design of electronic devices operating at up to petahertz frequencies. We have studied the directional control of the electron emission from 95 nm diameter SiO2 nanoparticles in few-cycle laser fields with a well-defined waveform. Projections of the three-dimensional (3D) electron momentum distributions were obtained via single-shot velocity-map imaging (VMI), where phase tagging allowed retrieving the laser waveform for each laser shot. The application of this technique allowed us to efficiently suppress background contributions in the data and to obtain very accurate information on the amplitude and phase of the waveform-dependent electron emission. The experimental data that are obtained for 4 fs pulses centered at 720 nm at different intensities in the range (1–4) × 1013 W cm−2 are compared to quasi- classical mean-field Monte-Carlo simulations. The model calculations identify electron backscattering from the nanoparticle surface in highly dynamical localized fields as the main process responsible for the energetic electron emission from the nanoparticles. The local field sensitivity of the electron emission observed in our studies can serve as a foundation for future research on propagation effects for larger particles and field-induced material changes at higher intensities

An all-solid-state laser source at 671 nm for cold atom experiments with lithium

We present an all solid-state narrow line-width laser source emitting $670\,\mathrm{mW}$ output power at $671\,\mathrm{nm}$ delivered in a diffraction-limited beam. The \linebreak source is based on a fre-quency-doubled diode-end-linebreak pumped ring laser operating on the ${^4F}_{3/2} \rightarrow {^4I}_{13/2}$ transition in Nd:YVO$_4$. By using periodically-poled po-tassium titanyl phosphate (ppKTP) in an external build-up cavity, doubling efficiencies of up to 86% are obtained. Tunability of the source over $100\,\rm GHz$ is accomplished. We demonstrate the suitability of this robust frequency-stabilized light source for laser cooling of lithium atoms. Finally a simplified design based on intra-cavity doubling is described and first results are presented

Non-Local Configuration of Component Interfaces by Constraint Satisfaction

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s10601-020-09309-y.Service-oriented computing is the paradigm that utilises services as fundamental elements for developing applications. Service composition, where data consistency becomes especially important, is still a key challenge for service-oriented computing. We maintain that there is one aspect of Web service communication on the data conformance side that has so far escaped the researchers attention. Aggregation of networked services gives rise to long pipelines, or quasi-pipeline structures, where there is a profitable form of inheritance called flow inheritance. In its presence, interface reconciliation ceases to be a local procedure, and hence it requires distributed constraint satisfaction of a special kind. We propose a constraint language for this, and present a solver which implements it. In addition, our approach provides a binding between the language and C++, whereby the assignment to the variables found by the solver is automatically translated into a transformation of C++ code. This makes the C++ Web service context compliant without any further communication. Besides, it uniquely permits a very high degree of flexibility of a C++ coded Web service without making public any part of its source code.Peer reviewe

Obesity is not associated with disease-free interval, melanoma-specific survival, or overall survival in patients with clinical stage IB-II melanoma after SLNB

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinicopathologic characteristics have prognostic value in clinical stage IB‐II patients with melanoma. Little is known about the prognostic value of obesity that has been associated with an increased risk for several cancer types and worsened prognosis after diagnosis. This study aims to examine effects of obesity on outcome in patients with clinical stage IB‐II melanoma. METHODS: Prospectively recorded data of patients with clinical stage IB‐II melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) between 1995 and 2018 at the University Medical Center of Groningen were collected from medical files and retrospectively analyzed. Cox‐regression analyses were used to determine associations between obesity (body mass index> 30), tumor (location, histology, Breslow‐thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, SLN‐status) and patient‐related variables (gender, age, and social‐economic‐status [SES]) and disease‐free interval (DFI), melanoma‐specific survival (MSS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 355 (49.7%) were women, median age was 55 (range 18.6‐89) years, 149 (20.8%) were obese. Obesity did not significantly affect DFI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–2.00; p = 0.06), MSS (adjusted HR = 1.48;95%CI = 0.97–2.25; p = 0.07), and OS (adjusted HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.85–1.85; p = 0.25). Increased age, arm location, increased Breslow‐thickness, ulceration, increased mitotic rate, and positive SLN‐status were significantly associated with decreased DFI, MSS, and OS. Histology, sex, and SES were not associated. CONCLUSION: Obesity was not associated with DFI, MSS, or OS in patients with clinical stage IB‐II melanoma who underwent SLNB