Kartalla!-projekti : sanojen avulla parempaan arkeen

Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan Kartalla!-projektia, jonka tarkoituksena oli tarjota terapeuttista ja voimauttavaa sanataidetoimintaa keskisuomalaisille nuorille. Projektin kohderyhmässä oli sekä syrjäytymisvaarassa olevia että jo psykiatrisen hoidon piirissä olevia nuoria, mutta mukana oli myös ns. tavallisia, yläkouluikäisiä nuoria. Projektin tavoitteet olivat kuitenkin yhtä lailla sekä auttavassa että ennaltaehkäisevässä toiminnassa. Projektin toteuttamista varten koottiin moniammatillinen työryhmä, johon kuului kirjallisuusterapiaohjaajia, sanataideohjaajia, toimintaterapeutti sekä tarinateatteri-/psykodraamaohjaaja.Projektin pilottivaihe, johon opinnäytetyö keskittyy, kesti syksystä 2008 syksyyn 2009. Tänä aikana nuorten ryhmiä perustettiin Suomen Kulttuurirahaston Myrsky-hankkeen myöntämän rahoituksen kautta kuusi, joista viisi kuului opinnäytetyön tarkastelun piiriin. Ryhmille tarjottiin kerhotoiminnan tapaisesti sanataidetoimintaa, ja kevään ja kesän 2009 aikana kullakin ryhmällä oli pääsääntöisesti 10 tapaamiskertaa. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tarkastella projektin toimivuutta käytännön ja hallinnon tasolla sekä kerätä nuorten kokemuksia projektista. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin haastattelua ja kyselyä, joiden kohteina olivat ryhmissä käyneet nuoret, ohjaajat, projektikoordinaattori sekä eri yhteistyötahot, joiden kautta nuorten ryhmät muodostuivat. Kerätyn aineiston perusteella nuorten kokemukset projektista olivat pääosin positiivisia ja projektin jatkumista ja pidempää kestoa toivottiin. Työtavoissa ei myöskään ollut huomauttamista. Kuitenkin erityisesti ohjaajat kokivat projektin hallinnon ja koordinoinnin toimivuudessa olleen puutteita. Tiedotus ei ollut toiminut tehokkaimmalla mahdollisella tavalla ja muutenkin projektiin toivottiin selkeämpää rakennetta. Haasteellisena koettiin myös kohderyhmään kuuluvien nuorten tavoittaminen ja toimintaan innostaminen. Projektin voidaan kuitenkin sanoa ainakin osittain onnistuneen tavoitteessaan, sanojen antamisessa nuorille omien ongelmien ja ajatusten käsittelyyn.This thesis examines the Kartalla! -project. The purpose of the project was to offer young people in central Finland therapeutic and empowering activities through literary art. The target group of the project consisted of young people in danger of isolation and of young people already undergoing psychiatric treatment. So-called normal, middle-school aged people were also involved. The goals of the project were, however, concerned with both helping the young people as well as preventing isolation. A multi-vocational team was put together for carrying out the project. The team involved, for example, instructors of literary therapy and literary art, an occupational therapist and an instructor of playback theatre and psychodrama. The pilot phase of the project, which this thesis particularly concentrates on, lasted from the autumn of 2008 until the autumn of 2009. During this time, with the funding provided by the Myrsky-project of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, altogether six youth groups were established. Out of these, five were included under the observation of this thesis. The groups were offered literary art activities in the manner of clubs. During the spring and the summer of 2009 each group met in general ten times. The purpose of the thesis was to examine how the project functioned on the practical and the administrative level. It also gathered the young people's opinions on the project. Interviews and questionnaires were used as the research method. The targets of these were the young people that attended the groups, the instructors, the project coordinator and the different partnerships through which the groups of young people were formed. According to the gathered data, the experiences the young people had of the project were primarily positive. Continuation and a longer duration of the project were wished for. Moreover, there was no criticism towards the approaches to work. However, especially the instructors felt that there were lacks in the functionality of the project. Information had not worked as efficiently as possible, and there was a need for a clearer structure of the project. Reaching and motivating the targeted groups of young people was also seen as a challenge. However, in giving the young people the words to deal their own problems and thoughts with, it can be stated that the project at least partially succeeded in meeting its goals

1D Modeling for Temperature-Dependent Upflow in the Dimming Region Observed by Hinode/EIS

We have previously found a temperature-dependent upflow in the dimming region following a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed by the {\it Hinode} EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). In this paper, we reanalyzed the observations along with previous work on this event, and provided boundary conditions for modeling. We found that the intensity in the dimming region dramatically drops within 30 minutes from the flare onset, and the dimming region reaches the equilibrium stage after $\sim$1 hour later. The temperature-dependent upflows were observed during the equilibrium stage by EIS. The cross sectional area of the fluxtube in the dimming region does not appear to expand significantly. From the observational constraints, we reconstructed the temperature-dependent upflow by using a new method which considers the mass and momentum conservation law, and demonstrated the height variation of plasma conditions in the dimming region. We found that a super radial expansion of the cross sectional area is required to satisfy the mass conservation and momentum equations. There is a steep temperature and velocity gradient of around 7 Mm from the solar surface. This result may suggest that the strong heating occurred above 7 Mm from the solar surface in the dimming region. We also showed that the ionization equilibrium assumption in the dimming region is violated especially in the higher temperature range.Comment: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Spontaneous breaking of continuous translational invariance

Unbroken continuous translational invariance is often taken as a basic assumption in discussions of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), which singles out SSB of translational invariance itself as an exceptional case. We present a framework which allows us to treat translational invariance on the same footing as other symmetries. It is shown that existing theorems on SSB can be straightforwardly extended to this general case. As a concrete application, we analyze the Nambu-Goldstone modes in a (ferromagnetic) supersolid. We prove on the ground of the general theorems that the Bogoliubov mode stemming from a spontaneously broken internal U(1) symmetry and the longitudinal phonon due to a crystalline order are distinct physical modes.Comment: 14 pages, 4 pdf/jpg figures, REVTeX 4.1; v2: section IV expanded, new appendix and references added, numerous other minor modifications throughout the tex

Dynamical stabilization of matter-wave solitons revisited

We consider dynamical stabilization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) by time-dependent modulation of the scattering length. The problem has been studied before by several methods: Gaussian variational approximation, the method of moments, method of modulated Townes soliton, and the direct averaging of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. We summarize these methods and find that the numerically obtained stabilized solution has different configuration than that assumed by the theoretical methods (in particular a phase of the wavefunction is not quadratic with $r$). We show that there is presently no clear evidence for stabilization in a strict sense, because in the numerical experiments only metastable (slowly decaying) solutions have been obtained. In other words, neither numerical nor mathematical evidence for a new kind of soliton solutions have been revealed so far. The existence of the metastable solutions is nevertheless an interesting and complicated phenomenon on its own. We try some non-Gaussian variational trial functions to obtain better predictions for the critical nonlinearity $g_{cr}$ for metastabilization but other dynamical properties of the solutions remain difficult to predict

Cubic Augmentation of Planar Graphs

In this paper we study the problem of augmenting a planar graph such that it becomes 3-regular and remains planar. We show that it is NP-hard to decide whether such an augmentation exists. On the other hand, we give an efficient algorithm for the variant of the problem where the input graph has a fixed planar (topological) embedding that has to be preserved by the augmentation. We further generalize this algorithm to test efficiently whether a 3-regular planar augmentation exists that additionally makes the input graph connected or biconnected. If the input graph should become even triconnected, we show that the existence of a 3-regular planar augmentation is again NP-hard to decide.Comment: accepted at ISAAC 201

Heavy Higgs at Tevatron and LHC in Universal Extra Dimension Models

Universal Extra Dimension (UED) models tend to favor a distinctively heavier Higgs mass than in the Standard Model (SM) and its supersymmetric extensions when the Kaluza-Klein (KK) scale is not much higher than the electroweak one, which we call the weak scale UED, in order to cancel the KK top contributions to the T-parameter. Such a heavy Higgs, whose production through the gluon fusion process is enhanced by the KK top loops, is fairly model independent prediction of the weak scale UED models regardless of the brane-localized mass structure at the ultraviolet cutoff scale. We study its cleanest possible signature, the Higgs decay into a Z boson pair and subsequently into four electrons and/or muons, in which all the four-momenta of the final states can be measured and both the Z boson masses can be checked. We show that the weak scale UED model may account for the 2sigma excess of this event at ATLAS at the ZZ pair invariant mass around 250GeV, at which scale SM background is sufficiently small and the SM Higgs predicts too few events. We have also studied the Higgs mass 500GeV (and also 700GeV with \sqrt{s}=14TeV) and have found that we can observe significant resonance with the integrated luminosity 10fb^{-1} for six dimensional UED models.Comment: (v1) 36 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables; (v2) Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D, factor 2 error in (93) corrected, comments and references added, figures redrawn; (v3) Minor changes including typo corrections in eq.(15), final version appearing in PR

Spin susceptibility and fluctuation corrections in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas

We investigate magnetic properties and effects of pairing fluctuations in the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)-BEC (Bose-Einstein condensation) crossover regime of an ultracold Fermi gas. Recently, Liu and Hu, and Parish, pointed out that the strong-coupling theory developed by Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink (NSR), which has been extensively used to successfully clarify various physical properties of cold Fermi gases, unphysically gives negative spin susceptibility in the BCS-BEC crossover region. The same problem is found to also exist in the ordinary non-self-consistent T-matrix approximation. In this paper, we clarify that this serious problem comes from incomplete treatment in term of pseudogap phenomena originating from strong pairing fluctuations, as well as effects of spin fluctuations on the spin susceptibility. Including these two key issues, we construct an extended T-matrix theory which can overcome this problem. The resulting positive spin susceptibility agrees well with the recent experiment on a 6Li Fermi gas done by Sanner and co-workers. We also apply our theory to a polarized Fermi gas to examine the superfluid phase transition temperature Tc, as a function of the polarization rate. Since the spin susceptibility is an important physical quantity, especially in singlet Fermi superfluids, our results would be useful in considering how singlet pairs appear above and below Tc in the BCS-BEC crossover regime of cold Fermi gases.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure

Measuring Hall Viscosity of Graphene's Electron Fluid

Materials subjected to a magnetic field exhibit the Hall effect, a phenomenon studied and understood in fine detail. Here we report a qualitative breach of this classical behavior in electron systems with high viscosity. The viscous fluid in graphene is found to respond to non-quantizing magnetic fields by producing an electric field opposite to that generated by the classical Hall effect. The viscous contribution is large and identified by studying local voltages that arise in the vicinity of current-injecting contacts. We analyze the anomaly over a wide range of temperatures and carrier densities and extract the Hall viscosity, a dissipationless transport coefficient that was long identified theoretically but remained elusive in experiment. Good agreement with theory suggests further opportunities for studying electron magnetohydrodynamics.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Gold-plated processes at photon colliders

We review the most important topics and objectives of the physics program of the gamma-gamma, gamma-electron collider (photon collider) option for an e+e- linear collider.Comment: 36 pages, Latex, 11 figures(ps,eps), Talk at Intern. Workshop on High Energy Photon Colliders; June 14-17, 2000, DESY, Hamburg, Germany; to be published in Nucl. Instr. and Methods

Ehrenfest time in the weak dynamical localization

The quantum kicked rotor (QKR) is known to exhibit dynamical localization in the space of its angular momentum. The present paper is devoted to the systematic first--principal (without a regularizer) diagrammatic calculations of the weak--localization corrections for QKR. Our particular emphasis is on the Ehrenfest time regime -- the phenomena characteristic for the classical--to--quantum crossover of classically chaotic systems.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure