Ergonomía en la enfermería

No cabe duda que los enfermeros son profesionales que están sometidos a una serie de riesgos ergonómicos derivados de su actividad laboral, problema que no sólo les afecta individualmente en el desempeño de sus tareas, sino que tiene una incidencia social notable, ya que su trabajo de asistencia sanitaria repercute directamente en las personas que atiende. Los Enfermeros al aplicar las técnicas para la manipulación, movilización y traslado de pacientes, según la dinámica corporal; ¿las realizan bajo normas ergonómicas? A la hora de hacer una de estas actividades con los pacientes se prioriza la necesidad de la ejecución de la tarea. El presente trabajo de investigación, de tipo descriptivo refleja en la mayoría de los casos, que el personal de enfermería no cuenta con los dispositivos necesarios para adecuar el trabajo a las normas ergonómicas existentes. Es por esto se cree la necesidad de diseñar herramienta, necesarios para disminuir el riesgo de lesiones musculo esqueléticas en el personal de enfermería, como consecuencia de la aplicación de técnicas ya existentes.Fil: Leiva, Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Lorenzo, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Taborda, Fabián G.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería.

Aluminum and Sulphate Removal by a Highly Al-Resistant Dissimilatory Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria Community

A highly Al-resistant dissimilatory sulphatereducing bacteria community was isolated from sludge of the wetland of Urgeiriça mine (community W). This community showed excellent sulphate removal at the presence of Al3+. After 27 days of incubation, 73,86 and 81% of sulphate was removed in the presence of 0.48, 0.90 and 1.30 mM of Al3+, respectively. Moreover,Al3+ was simultaneously removed: 55,85 and 78% of metal was removed in the presence of 0.48, 0.90 and 1.30 mM of Al3+, respectively. The dissociation of aluminiumlactate soluble complexes due to lactate consumption by dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacteria can be responsible for aluminum removal, which probably precipitates as insoluble aluminium hydroxide. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that this community was mainly composed by bacteria closely related to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. However, bacteria affiliated to Proteus and Ralstonia were also present in the community

CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation

Fossil fuels are energy sources that supply a large part of the world's energy generation. However, they produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates that increase global warming. For this reason, other forms of renewable energy such as hydropower have begun to be implemented through turbomachinery such as Pelton turbines, which significantly reduce these emissions since they are highly efficient turbines based on the use of natural resources (water). Pelton turbines are based mainly on three components for their operation, which are the Pelton injector, the bucket and the wheel. The injector is an important component in the energy transformation of Pelton turbines. Although to analyze its behavior, it is possible to use fluid dynamics (CFD) software to predict the trajectory of the flow through a solid or free surface. The objective of this work is to analyze by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) the incidence of the length and the needle tip angle of a Pelton turbine injector on the generated power. For this, an ANSYS 2020R2 computational fluid analysis software was used to study how the variation of the injector needle tip angle influences through the volume of fluid (VOF) method, starting from the generation of a commercial model with a tip angle of 60° and two (2) geometries of 55° and 75° respectively. Numerical results show a better performance for the 75° angle of 96 % and lower for the 55° and 60° with 94.1 % and 95.5 % respectively, whereby steeper angles achieve higher performances. In summary, the present study pretends to increase the power generation, in the face of phenomena occurred in the energy transfer. Although the performance of the injector in each angle configuration must be tested in practic

Factors associated with poor asthma symptom control in adult Angolan regularly seen at an outpatient respiratory clinic

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases and one of the most frequent causes of hospital care. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of asthma and factors associated with its control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Military Hospital in Luanda, from April 2018 to March 2019. Data collection was performed using questionnaires on asthma symptoms and treatment, socio-demographic and environmental questions, and a Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) questionnaire to assess the level of asthma control. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed. We estimated odds ratios, for higher categories of asthma control. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The sample consisted of 305 asthmatics ≥18-years-old, 56% women, with a mean age of 41.3 years. About 28% of patients had controlled asthma, 36% partially controlled and 35% uncontrolled. Poor asthma control was associated with frequent use of short-acting beta-2 agonists [OR 5.70 (95%CI 2.37;13.7)], oral corticosteroids [OR 3.68 (95%CI 2.24;6.04)], and incorrect inhaler technique [OR 4.08 (95%CI 1.25;13.3)]. Conclusions: A significant number of adults living in Luanda have uncontrolled asthma due to the under-use of inhaled corticosteroid therapy. It is necessary to develop strategic management and prevention plans to improve Angolan asthmatics' medical care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits tmprss2 in human airway epithelial cells: Implications for sars‐cov‐2 infection

The COVID‐19 pandemic has now affected around 190 million people worldwide, accounting for more than 4 million confirmed deaths. Besides ongoing global vaccination, finding protective and therapeutic strategies is an urgent clinical need. SARS‐CoV‐2 mostly infects the host organism via the respiratory system, requiring angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to enter target cells. Therefore, these surface proteins are considered potential druggable targets. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter produced by several cell types and is also part of natural compounds, such as sulfurous waters that are often inhaled as low‐intensity therapy and prevention in different respiratory conditions. H2S is a potent biological mediator, with anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and, as more recently shown, also antiviral activities. Considering that respiratory epithelial cells can be directly exposed to H2S by inhalation, here we tested the in vitro effects of H2S‐donors on TMPRSS2 and ACE2 expression in human upper and lower airway epithelial cells. We showed that H2S significantly reduces the expression of TMPRSS2 without modifying ACE2 expression both in respiratory cell lines and primary human upper and lower airway epithelial cells. Results suggest that inhalational exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to natural H2S sources may hinder SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into airway epithelial cells and, consequently, potentially prevent the virus from spreading into the lower respiratory tract and the lung

Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) in layered soils: a Material Point approach

Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) can be used to determine in-situ soil properties and represent a practical choice for site investigation offshore, especially for linear infrastructure, such as offshore wind export cables. Information gained from CPTs is key for predicting soil-structure interaction behaviour, for example when predicting the tow forces involved in seabed ploughing, as the CPT provides an analogue to the process. The numerical modelling of CPTs is challenging due to the significant distortion in the soil displaced by the penetrating cone. This means that solving this sort of problem using finite elements, although not impossible, is numerically tiresome in terms of remeshing and mapping of state variables. Therefore, in this paper we adopt the Material Point Method (MPM) to develop a CPT prediction tool in layered soils. This MPM is combined with a novel non-matching mesh frictional boundary to represent the penetrometer. The developed tool will be used to understand the response of layered soils commonly found offshore as a step towards predicting the interaction of ploughs and anchors with the seabed

Incidence of violent and antisocial behavior in a forensic psychiatric population

Introduction: The consequences of violent and antisocial behaviors among psychiatric hospital inpatients are serious and may affect treatment of the aggressor. Lack of knowledge concerning the incidence of this phenomenon and its characteristics helps perpetuate the current scenario. Objectives: To present an up-to-date literature review on the topic, to estimate the incidence of violent and antisocial behaviors in a mental hospital population, and to describe the implementation of a systematic method to record this phenomenon. Method: A cohort was selected among the psychiatric inpatients at Maurício Cardoso Forensic Psychiatry Institute (Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso, IPFMC). Yudofsky's Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and Tengström et al.'s Follow-Up Questionnaire were used. During a 1-year follow-up period, episodes of violent and antisocial behavior were evaluated daily and recorded on both the scale and the questionnaire. The population sample included 68 male patients randomly selected among the committed inpatients at IPFMC. Results: The incidence of violent/antisocial behavior along the period assessed was 200 episodes involving 50 patients. Aggressions and antisocial behavior occurred mainly in daytime. The interventions most commonly used were verbal management, patient isolation, and intramuscular medication. Conclusion: For the first time, the occurrence of violent and antisocial behavior was measured in a forensic psychiatric population.Introdução: As consequências de comportamentos violentos e antissociais de internos em hospitais psiquiátricos são graves e podem determinar prejuízo ao tratamento do agressor. A falta de conhecimento sobre a incidência desse fenômeno e suas características favorece sua perpetuação. Objetivos: Apresentar uma revisão bibliográfi ca atualizada do tema, informar a incidência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população manicomial e descrever a implementação de um método de registro sistematizado desse fenômeno. Método: A coorte foi selecionada dentro da população de pacientes do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPFMC). Foi utilizada a Escala de Agressividade Declarada de Yudofsky (Overt Aggression Scale, OAS) e o Questionário de Seguimento de Tengström et al. Durante o período de seguimento de 1 ano, foram avaliados diariamente episódios de conduta violenta e antissocial, registrando-se os mesmos na escala e no questionário. A amostra em estudo foi composta de 68 pacientes homens selecionados de forma aleatória entre a população em cumprimento de medida de segurança no IPFMC. Resultados: A incidência de comportamento violento/antissocial no período estudado foi de 200 episódios, envolvendo 50 pacientes. Houve predomínio de agressões e conduta antissocial durante o dia. As intervenções mais utilizadas foram manejo verbal, isolamento do paciente e aplicação de medicação intramuscular. Conclusão: Foi possível, pela primeira vez, medir a ocorrência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população psiquiátrica forense.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

First endocranial description of a South American hadrosaurid: The neuroanatomy of Secernosaurus koerneri from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina

The endocranial morphology of Secernosaurus koerneri (= Kritosaurus australis junior synonym), a hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina, was studied using latex and digital endocasts based on three fragmentary braincases. This new information allowed describing and comparing the neuroanatomy of this South American representative of the clade for the first time. The endocast morphology is mostly complete (except for the pituitary and the inner ear regions), and most cranial nerves and some blood vessels were reconstructed. Also, some features of the inner ear were observed in the CT scans, nonetheless its incompleteness restricts further comparisons. Secernosaurus koerneri shares its overall endocranial morphology with saurolophinid hadrosaurids, indicating a conservative brain morphology for Cretaceous hadrosaurids worldwide. The novel cranial information increases the knowledge of the neuroanatomy in hadrosaurids by adding a southern perspective, since knowledge on the endocranial anatomy of the lineage is biased by species from North America