High repetition rate femtosecond laser heat accumulation and ablation thresholds in cobalt-binder and binderless tungsten carbides

Femtosecond (fs) laser ablation has been studied for the potential of fast, high precision machining of difficult-to-machine materials like binderless tungsten carbide. Obstacles that have limited its efficiency include melting from heat accumulation (HA), particle shielding, and plasma shielding. To address HA without shielding effects, high repetition rate (57.4 MHz), ultra-low fluence fs laser irradiation is performed to study the incubation effect and subsequent HA-ablation threshold of fine-grained tungsten carbides. Exposure times on the order of 100 ms were conducted in air with fluences (1.82 to 9.09 mJ/cm2) two orders of magnitude below the single fs pulse ablation thresholds reported in literature (0.4 J/cm2). Heat accumulation at high repetition rate explains the ultra-low fluence melt threshold behavior resulting in melt crowns around ablated holes and grooves. The results of this study aid in predicting heat buildup in high repetition rate laser irradiation for applications that wish to achieve high ablation rates of difficult-to-machine, ultrahard materials and help enable shaping of binderless tungsten carbide for use in applications too extreme for bindered tungsten carbide

Composite polymer membranes for laserinduced fluorescence thermometry

We demonstrate a modified version of laser-induced fluorescence thermometry (LIFT) for mapping temperature gradients in the vicinity of small photothermal devices. Our approach is based on temperature sensitive fluorescent membranes fabricated with rhodamine B and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Relevant membrane features for LIFT, such as temperature sensitivity, thermal quenching and photobleaching are presented for a range of 25 °C to 90 °C, and their performance is evaluated upon obtaining the temperature gradients produced in the proximity of optical fiber micro-heaters. Our results show that temperature measurements in regions as small as 750 μm x 650 μm, with a temperature resolution of 1 °C, can be readily obtained

Does the participation of indigenous people in the legislative consultation process in Ecuador matter? Case study of Water Law

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar la consulta prelegislativa ecuatoriana como mecanismo de participación de los titulares de derechos colectivos, para lo cual estudia los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, la jurisprudencia de la Corte IDH, la normativa interna ecuatoriana, así como la jurisprudencia constitucional. El trabajo toma como caso de estudio el proceso de aplicación de la consulta prelegislativa realizado por la Asamblea Nacional durante la aprobación de la L.O.R.H.U.A.A. (2014). El artículo además analiza cuantitativamente los datos de participación generados durante el proceso, con el propósito de comprobar si la opinión de los consultados fue tomada en cuenta a la hora de redactar la Ley.This paper focus in the analyses of Ecuadorian pre-legislative consultation like a mechanism of participation of Indigenous Peoples. The document studies the international legislation of Human Right, precedents of Interamerican Human Rights Court, and national legislation, and Constitutional Sentences. Our work take for the study case the Ecuadorian process of Pre-legislative Consultation in the project of Water of Law (2014). The paper makes a qualitative analysis of the participation data during the process with the objective to probe if the opinion of the people which were consulted were considered in the final legislative project

Design of a rib impactor equipment

The human ribs must be analyzed as long and as curved bones, due to their physiology. For the development of an experimental equipment that simulate the application of loads, over the rib in the moment of a frontal collision in an automobile with seat belt, it was applied a methodology that constituted in the identification of needs and the variables which led the design of 3D model, from this it was used the technique of fused deposition modeling for the development of the equipment pieces. The supports that hold the rib ends were design with two and three degrees of freedom that allows the simulation of rib movement with the spine and the breastbone in the breathing. For the simulation of the seat belt, it was determined to applied two loads over the front part of the rib from the sagittal and lateral plane respectively, for this it was made a displacement through a lineal actuator with a speed of 4mm/s. The outcomes shown a design of an equipment able to obtain the load parameters required to generate fractures in rib specimens. The equipment may be used for the study of specimens with nearby geometries to the rib taken as a reference

Laser-Assisted Cryosurgery in ex vivo Mice Hepatic Tissue: Viability Assays Using Green Fluorescent Protein

An experimental investigation is carried out to develop a novel approach to cryosurgery, where laser heating counteracts tissue freezing to better confine damage to the targeted cancerous tissue within a lethal low-temperature isothermal boundary—an approach we refer to as laser-assisted cryosurgery (LAC). The advantage of this procedure relative to conventional cryosurgery assisted with urethral warmers or cryoheaters is that laser heating provides volumetric rather than superficial heating, which leads to deeper penetration, more homogeneous tissue protection and better demarcation of the destructive freezing effect to a well-defined targeted volume. Tissue viability assays are performed using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a viability marker and correlated with temperature history after performing LAC procedures on ex vivo mice hepatic tissue. The limit for cell denaturation at the irradiated surface predicted by GFP analysis is further confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the correlation between GFP fluorescence and cell viability and loss of GFP fluorescence in non-viable cells has been tested and validated by histological analysis using a standard cell viability measuring method (hematoxylin and eosin staining). Analysis of our experimental measurements show that reproducible thermal gradients (of 236 °C/cm) and predictable tissue necrosis can be reliably produced by LAC without exceeding temperature thresholds for cell denaturation (of Tsurf ≈ 48 °C) beyond preset tissue boundaries (with resolution of 0.1 °C/mm). The results have shown the feasibility of controlling temperatures at specified tissue locations to prevent hyperthermal or freezing damage

MODELO INTELIGENTE PARA BASES DE DATOS DISTRIBUIDAS

RESUMENEn este trabajo trataremos el problema del diseño del “Modelo Inteligente para Sistemas de Bases de Datos Distribuidas”. Particularmente, nos proponemos diseñar el modelo canónico a través del manejo ontológico de la información. Para esto se diseñan ontologías que permitirán describir una base de datos como un conjunto de términos representacionales de sus diferentes componentes. En estas ontologías, las definiciones asocian clases, relaciones, funciones, entre otras cosas, de entidades en el universo del discurso de las bases de datos, para describir el significado de las bases de datos, sus componentes, restricciones, etc. La razón de usar ontologías es que ellas definen conceptos y relaciones dentro de un marco taxonómico, cuya conceptualización está representada de una manera formal, legible y utilizable. En trabajos anteriores [14] se ha propuesto un modelo de referencia y una arquitectura para la integración de Bases de Datos en donde se plantea la necesidad de definir un modelo canónico. Como continuación de estos trabajos, en este artículo se describen las taxonomías ontológicas que componen el modelo de referencia para la integración de bases datos, y se diseña el Modelo Canónico usando dicha noción ontológica. De esta manera, se define el proceso de integración entre los diferentes tipos de bases de datos, estas bases de datos componentes pueden ser: Relacionales, Orientadas a Objeto, Difusas, Inteligentes y Multimedia. Así, el esquema ontológico describe los conceptos, operaciones y restricciones, tanto de las bases de datos componentes como de su proceso de integración.Además en este trabajo se muestra también los axiomas para cada una de los esquemas ontológicos utilizando lógica de predicado de primer orden.PALABRAS CLAVESEsquema ontológicoModelo Canónico de DatosBases de Datos Distribuidas InteligentesIntegración de Bases de DatosABSTRACTIn this abstract we will analyze-look at with the problem of the design of the "Intelligent Model for Distributed Database System".We particularly set out to design the canonical model through the ontological handling of the information. To do so,ontology is designed that allow the description of a database like a set of representative terms of their different components. In this ontology, the definitions associate classes, relations, functions, among other things, of organizations in the speech universe of the data bases, to describe their meaning, its components, restrictions, etc. The reason for using ontology is that it defines concepts and relations within a taxonomic frame, whose conceptualization is represented in a formal, legible and usable way. In previous works [14] a reference model and architecture for the integration of database the need to define an intelligent canonical model was proposed. Like continuation of these works, in this article the ontological taxonomies are described, determining the component of the model of reference for the integration of database, and the Canonical Model is designed using this ontological notion. By doing so, the process of integration between the different types of database is defined. These component data bases can be: Relational, OO, Fuzzy, Intelligent and Multimedia. Thus, the ontological scheme describes the concepts, operations and restrictions, as well as, the component database and its process of integration. In this work there are also the axioms for each one of the ontological schemes using first-order predicate logic.KEYWORDSOntological SchemeCanonical data ModelDistributed Database IntelligentDatabase Integratio

MODELO INTELIGENTE PARA BASES DE DATOS DISTRIBUIDAS

RESUMENEn este trabajo trataremos el problema del diseño del “Modelo Inteligente para Sistemas de Bases de Datos Distribuidas”. Particularmente, nos proponemos diseñar el modelo canónico a través del manejo ontológico de la información. Para esto se diseñan ontologías que permitirán describir una base de datos como un conjunto de términos representacionales de sus diferentes componentes. En estas ontologías, las definiciones asocian clases, relaciones, funciones, entre otras cosas, de entidades en el universo del discurso de las bases de datos, para describir el significado de las bases de datos, sus componentes, restricciones, etc. La razón de usar ontologías es que ellas definen conceptos y relaciones dentro de un marco taxonómico, cuya conceptualización está representada de una manera formal, legible y utilizable. En trabajos anteriores [14] se ha propuesto un modelo de referencia y una arquitectura para la integración de Bases de Datos en donde se plantea la necesidad de definir un modelo canónico. Como continuación de estos trabajos, en este artículo se describen las taxonomías ontológicas que componen el modelo de referencia para la integración de bases datos, y se diseña el Modelo Canónico usando dicha noción ontológica. De esta manera, se define el proceso de integración entre los diferentes tipos de bases de datos, estas bases de datos componentes pueden ser: Relacionales, Orientadas a Objeto, Difusas, Inteligentes y Multimedia. Así, el esquema ontológico describe los conceptos, operaciones y restricciones, tanto de las bases de datos componentes como de su proceso de integración.Además en este trabajo se muestra también los axiomas para cada una de los esquemas ontológicos utilizando lógica de predicado de primer orden.PALABRAS CLAVESEsquema ontológicoModelo Canónico de DatosBases de Datos Distribuidas InteligentesIntegración de Bases de DatosABSTRACTIn this abstract we will analyze-look at with the problem of the design of the "Intelligent Model for Distributed Database System".We particularly set out to design the canonical model through the ontological handling of the information. To do so,ontology is designed that allow the description of a database like a set of representative terms of their different components. In this ontology, the definitions associate classes, relations, functions, among other things, of organizations in the speech universe of the data bases, to describe their meaning, its components, restrictions, etc. The reason for using ontology is that it defines concepts and relations within a taxonomic frame, whose conceptualization is represented in a formal, legible and usable way. In previous works [14] a reference model and architecture for the integration of database the need to define an intelligent canonical model was proposed. Like continuation of these works, in this article the ontological taxonomies are described, determining the component of the model of reference for the integration of database, and the Canonical Model is designed using this ontological notion. By doing so, the process of integration between the different types of database is defined. These component data bases can be: Relational, OO, Fuzzy, Intelligent and Multimedia. Thus, the ontological scheme describes the concepts, operations and restrictions, as well as, the component database and its process of integration. In this work there are also the axioms for each one of the ontological schemes using first-order predicate logic.KEYWORDSOntological SchemeCanonical data ModelDistributed Database IntelligentDatabase Integratio

Indirect detection of Dark Matter with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope

[EN] One of the main objectives of the ANTARES neutrino telescope is the search for neutrinos produced in self-annihilation of Dark Matter (DM) particles. The analysis for different sources of DM (Sun, Galactic Center, Earth, ...) or DM models (SUSY, Secluded) will be described and the results presented. The specific advantages of neutrino telescopes in general and of ANTARES in particular will be explained. As an example, the indirect search for DM towards the Sun performed by neutrino telescopes currently leads to more stringent limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section with respect to existing direct detection experiments.We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Grants FPA2012-37528-C02-02, and Consolider MultiDark CSD2009-00064, of the Generalitat Valenciana, Grants ACOMP/2015/175 PrometeoII/2014/079 and of the European FEDER funds.Ardid Ramírez, M. (2016). Indirect detection of Dark Matter with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope. EPJ Web of Conferences. 116:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611604002S1511

Chromomagnetic Dipole Moment of the Top Quark Revisited

We study the complete one-loop contributions to the chromagnetic dipole moment $\Delta\kappa$ of the top quark in the Standard Model, two Higgs doublet models, topcolor assited technicolor models (TC2), 331 models and extended models with a single extra dimension. We find that the SM predicts $\Delta\kappa = - 0.056$ and that the predictions of the other models are also consitent with the constraints imposed on $\Delta\kappa$ by low-energy precision measurements.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, Updat

Bioactive phenolic compounds : production and extraction by solid-state fermentation. A review

Interest in the development of bioprocesses for the production or extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased in recent years due to the potential applications of these compounds in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, solid-state fermentation (SSF) has received great attention because this bioprocess has potential to successfully convert inexpensive agro-industrial residues, as well as plants, in a great variety of valuable compounds, including bioactive phenolic compounds. The aim of this review, after presenting general aspects about bioactive compounds and SSF systems, is to focus on the production and extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from natural sources by SSF. The characteristics of SSF systems and variables that affect the product formation by this process, as well as the variety of substrates and microorganisms that can be used in SSF for the production of bioactive phenolic compounds are reviewed and discussed.We acknowledge the financial support of Science and Technology Foundation of Portugal through grants SFRH/BD/40439/2007 and SFRH/BPD/38212/2007, and Mexican Council of Science and Technology through program SEP-CONACYT-24348/2007-2010