Therapeutic Hypothermia: Critical Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is nowadays one of the most important methods of neuroprotection. The events that occur after an episode of ischemia are multiple and hypothermia can affect the various steps of this cascade. The mechanisms of action of TH are varied and the possible explanation for the benefits of this therapy is probably the multiple mechanisms of action blocking the cascade of ischemia on many levels. TH can affect many metabolic pathways, reactions of inflammation, apoptosis processes, and promote neuronal integrity. To know the mechanisms of action of TH will allow a better understanding about the indications for this therapy and the possibility of searching for other therapies when used in conjunction with hypothermia will provide a therapeutic synergistic effect

Grupo Espejo: una propuesta psicoeducativa de acompañamiento

Se presenta un modelo de intervención integral y grupal que conjuga perspectivas psicológicas y educativas: Grupos Espejo. En el modelo se trabaja el enfoque psicoeducativo en relación a lo clínico como algo que conlleva una finalidad pedagógica, es decir, se promueve el reaprendizaje de los conflictos y tensiones que se viven y actualizan en las figuras del grupo. Se incluye una propuesta de evaluación de competencias psicoemocionales.ITESO, A.C

Ingested insecticide to control Aedes aegypti: developing a novel dried attractive toxic sugar bait device for intra-domiciliary control

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Illnesses transmitted by Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika comprise a considerable global burden; mosquito control is the primary public health tool to reduce disease transmission. Current interventions are inadequate and insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of these options. Dried attractive bait stations (DABS) are a novel mechanism to deliver insecticide to Ae. aegypti. The DABS are a high-contrast 28 inch2 surface coated with dried sugar-boric acid solution. Aedes aegypti are attracted to DABS by visual cues only, and the dried sugar solution elicits an ingestion response from Ae. aegypti landing on the surface. The study presents the development of the DABS and tests of their impact on Ae. aegypti mortality in the laboratory and a series of semi-field trials. Methods: We conducted multiple series of laboratory and semi-field trials to assess the survivability of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to the DABS. In the laboratory experiments, we assessed the lethality, the killing mechanism, and the shelf life of the device through controlled experiments. In the semi-field trials, we released laboratory-reared female Ae. aegypti into experimental houses typical of peri-urban tropical communities in South America in three trial series with six replicates each. Laboratory experiments were conducted in Quito, Ecuador, and semi-field experiments were conducted in Machala, Ecuador, an area with abundant wild populations of Ae. aegypti and endemic arboviral transmission. Results: In the laboratory, complete lethality was observed after 48 hours regardless of physiological status of the mosquito. The killing mechanism was determined to be through ingestion, as the boric acid disrupted the gut of the mosquito. In experimental houses, total mosquito mortality was greater in the treatment house for all series of experiments (P \u3c 0.0001). Conclusions: The DABS devices were effective at killing female Ae. aegypti under a variety of laboratory and semi-field conditions. DABS are a promising intervention for interdomiciliary control of Ae. aegypti and arboviral disease prevention.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Gene discovery for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by machine learning techniques

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a neuromuscular disorder that shows a preference for the facial, shoulder and upper arm muscles. FSHD affects about one in 20-400,000 people, and no effective therapeutic strategies are known to halt disease progression or reverse muscle weakness or atrophy. Many genes may be incorrectly regulated in affected muscle tissue, but the mechanisms responsible for the progressive muscle weakness remain largely unknown. Although machine learning (ML) has made significant inroads in biomedical disciplines such as cancer research, no reports have yet addressed FSHD analysis using ML techniques. This study explores a specific FSHD data set from a ML perspective. We report results showing a very promising small group of genes that clearly separates FSHD samples from healthy samples. In addition to numerical prediction figures, we show data visualizations and biological evidence illustrating the potential usefulness of these results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator beam dump design

The IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator will be a 9 MeV, 125 mA cw deuteron accelerator prototype for verifying the validity of the 40 MeV accelerator design for IFMIF. A beam dump designed for maximum power of 1.12 MW will be used to stop the beam at the accelerator exit. The conceptual design for the IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator beam dump is based on a conical beam stop made of OFE copper. The cooling system uses an axial high velocity flow of water pressurized up to 3.4 × 105 Pa to avoid boiling. The design has been shown to be compliant with ASME mechanical design rules under nominal full power conditions. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to take into account the possible margin on the beam properties at the beam dump entrance. This analysis together with the study of the maintenance issues and the mounting and dismounting operations has led to the complete design definition

Intervención con madera en la cubierta del nuevo edificio de Arte y Cultura

En este reporte, se presentará el proceso que se llevó a cabo en la segunda parte de este PAP. Trabajamos en conjunto con el departamento de encargados de construcción en ITESO para proponer una versión del nuevo edificio de arte y cultura hecho con madera. Nuestro equipo trabajó el tema de la cubierta, con los planos que nos proporcionaron se vio la manera de reemplazar o mejorar el diente de sierra que se tenía propuesto, utilizando como material, la madera

Evidence for succession and putative metabolic roles of fungi and bacteria in the farming mutualism of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis

The bacterial and fungal community involved in ambrosia beetle fungiculture remains poorly studied compared to the famous fungus-farming ants and termites. Here we studied microbial community dynamics of laboratory nests, adults, and brood during the life cycle of the sugarcane shot hole borer, Xyleborus affinis. We identified a total of 40 fungal and 428 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), from which only five fungi (a Raffaelea fungus and four ascomycete yeasts) and four bacterial genera (Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, and Ochrobactrum) can be considered the core community playing the most relevant symbiotic role. Both the fungal and bacterial populations varied significantly during the beetle’s life cycle. While the ascomycete yeasts were the main colonizers of the gallery early on, the Raffaelea and other filamentous fungi appeared after day 10, at the time when larval hatching happened. Regarding bacteria, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter dominated overall but decreased in foundresses and brood with age. Finally, inferred analyses of the putative metabolic capabilities of the bacterial microbiome revealed that they are involved in (i) degradation of fungal and plant polymers, (ii) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and (iii) essential amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin provisioning. Overall, our results suggest that yeasts and bacteria are more strongly involved in supporting the beetle-fungus farming symbiosis than previously thought.Research reported in this publication was supported by CONACyT-FORDECYT number 292399, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under award numbers SAF2015-65878-R and PGC2018-099344-B-I00, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and from Generalitat Valenciana (project Prometeo/2018/A133). P.H.W.B. was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG Emmy Noether grant BI 1956/1-1).Peer reviewe

In vitro anthelmintic effect of the extract of Albizia lophantha on gastrointestinal nematodes of horses

El extracto de Albiziza lophantha fue empleado (T1: 0 mg de extracto/ml de cultivo [mg/ml], T2: 0.04 mg/ml, T3: 0.08 mg/ml, T4: 0.12 mg/ml) para evaluar el efecto antihelmíntico in vitro en nematodos gastrointestinales de caballos. Se observó mayor inhibición en la eclosión de huevos (T4: 43% y T3: 11%) y menor supervivencia larval con dosis altas (T4: 0%, T3: 0% a las 36 y 60 horas después de aplicar el extracto, respectivamente) (p=0.0001). El extracto de A. lophantha fue eficaz en el control in vitro de nematodos gastrointestinales de caballos.The Albizia lophantha extract (T1: 0 mg of extract/ml of nutritive cultivation [mg/ml], T2: 0.04 mg/ml, T3: 0.08 mg/ml, T4: 0.12 mg/ml) was used to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect on gastrointestinal nematodes of horses. Higher inhibition in the hatching of eggs (T4: 43% and T3: 11%, respectively) and lower in the survival of larvae in the treatments of high doses (T4: 0% and T3: 0% at 36 and 60 hours after applying the extract respectively) (p=0.0001). The A. lophantha extract was effective in the in vitro control of gastrointestinal nematodes of horses

Gamma-ray detection from gravitino dark matter decay in the μν\mu\nuSSM

The $\mu\nu$SSM provides a solution to the $\mu$-problem of the MSSM and explains the origin of neutrino masses by simply using right-handed neutrino superfields. Given that R-parity is broken in this model, the gravitino is a natural candidate for dark matter since its lifetime becomes much longer than the age of the Universe. We consider the implications of gravitino dark matter in the $\mu\nu$SSM, analyzing in particular the prospects for detecting gamma rays from decaying gravitinos. If the gravitino explains the whole dark matter component, a gravitino mass larger than 20 GeV is disfavored by the isotropic diffuse photon background measurements. On the other hand, a gravitino with a mass range between 0.1-20 GeV gives rise to a signal that might be observed by the FERMI satellite. In this way important regions of the parameter space of the $\mu\nu$SSM can be checked.Comment: Final version to appear in JCAP, 13 pages, 3 figure

Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours: results from the COPPADIS cohort.

The study was aimed at analysing the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and compulsive behaviours (CBs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects (CS) as well as the relationship between ICDs/CBs and motor, nonmotor features and dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. Data came from COPPADIS-2015, an observational, descriptive, nationwide (Spain) study. We used the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) for ICD/CB screening. The association between demographic data and ICDs/CBs was analyzed in both groups. In PD, this relationship was evaluated using clinical features and treatment-related data. As result, 613 PD patients (mean age 62.47 ± 9.09 years, 59.87% men) and 179 CS (mean age 60.84 ± 8.33 years, 47.48% men) were included. ICDs and CBs were more frequent in PD (ICDs 12.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001; CBs 7.18% vs. 1.67%, p = 0.01). PD patients had more frequent previous ICDs history, premorbid impulsive personality and antidepressant treatment (p < 0.05) compared with CS. In PD, patients with ICDs/CBs presented younger age at disease onset, more frequent history of previous ICDs and premorbid personality (p < 0.05), as well as higher comorbidity with nonmotor symptoms, including depression and poor quality of life. Treatment with dopamine agonists increased the risk of ICDs/CBs, being dose dependent (p < 0.05). As conclusions, ICDs and CBs were more frequent in patients with PD than in CS. More nonmotor symptoms were present in patients with PD who had ICDs/CBs compared with those without. Dopamine agonists have a prominent effect on ICDs/CBs, which could be influenced by dose