Physical activity levels of older adults receiving a home care service

Sammenligning av aktivitetsnivå for personer som har hatt hverdagsrehabilitering og vanlige tjenester.The 3 study objectives were to compare the activity levels of older people who had received a restorative home care service with those of people who had received "usual" home care, explore the predictors of physical activity in these 2 groups, and determine whether either group met the minimum recommended activity levels for their age group. A questionnaire was posted to 1,490 clients who had been referred for a home care service between 2006 and 2009. Older people who had received a restorative care service were more active than those who had received usual care (p = .049), but service group did not predict activity levels when other variables were adjusted for in a multiple regression. Younger individuals who were in better physical condition, with good mobility and no diagnosis of depression, were more likely to be active. Investigation of alternatives to the current exercise component of the restorative program is needed

The Chorioallantoic Capillary Plexus of the Chicken Egg: A Microvascular Corrosion Casting Study

The chorioallantoic membrane of the avian egg serves as the principal organ of respiratory gaseous exchange for the embryo until close to hatching. It lies closely apposed to the inner shell membrane and contains an extremely dense capillary plexus supplied by the allantoic blood vessels. This study applied the microvascular corrosion casting technique to investigate the three-dimensional arrangement of the plexus at various stages of incubation. Casts were produced between days 6 and 14 of incubation, and their appearances were compared with those obtained from traditionally sectioned material and from freeze-cleaved specimens. By day 6 the capillary network was remarkably profuse but showed considerable regional variation in vessel density. In some areas there were only short capillary buds whereas in other areas fusion had taken place so that a true plexus was formed. By day 10 the capillaries had become confluent to such a degree that the cast consisted of a thin sheet of resin perforated only by an array of small irregularly shaped orifices. These corresponded closely in size to the intervening columns of chorionic epithelial cells seen in the sectioned material. It is clear from the appearances of the casts that the capillary surface density becomes maximal at approximately day 10 of incubation. From then on in incubation any increase in the diffusing capacity of the chorioallantoic membrane must be the result of either an increase in its overall surface area, or a decrease in the thickness of the air-blood barrier

Tropical cyclone and related meteorological data sets available at CSU and their utilization

February, 1982.Includes bibliographical references.This report has been prepared to familiarize the international meteorological community with the comprehensive collection of tropical cyclone and other meteorological data which are available on our research project. We provide a rationale for the research philosophy behind the assembling of these data sets over the last decade, describe the data and indicate how other researchers may use them for their own the research purposes. In particular, we summarize the rawindsonde compositing philosophy and the other research techniques employed on our project. We describe our data processing procedures, the various formulations we have used for different research purposes, the coordinate systems employed and the data availability by region. Our research accomplishments, types of compositing runs, and a list of publications are also presented. These data sets and their software support represent a considerable manpower and financial investment. An investment that is now able (we believe) to provide a high return in the form of new knowledge on tropical cyclones and other weather systems. We are currently exploring a number of exciting avenues. The possibilities are quite broad and we encourage other research workers to help exploit this resource

A Large Mass of H2 in the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Zwicky 3146

We present the Spitzer/IRS mid-infrared spectrum of the infrared-luminous (L_{IR}=4e11 L_sun) brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the X-ray-luminous cluster Z3146 (z=0.29). The spectrum shows strong aromatic emission features, indicating that the dominant source of the infrared luminosity is star formation. The most striking feature of the spectrum, however, is the exceptionally strong molecular hydrogen (H2) emission lines, which seem to be shock-excited. The line luminosities and inferred warm H2 gas mass (~1e10 M_sun) are 6 times larger than those of NGC 6240, the most H2-luminous galaxy at z <~ 0.1. Together with the large amount of cold H2 detected previously (~1e11 M_sun), this indicates that the Z3146 BCG contains disproportionately large amounts of both warm and cold H2 gas for its infrared luminosity, which may be related to the intracluster gas cooling process in the cluster core.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in ApJ

Isolated X-ray -- infrared sources in the region of interaction of the supernova remnant IC 443 with a molecular cloud

The nature of the extended hard X-ray source XMMU J061804.3+222732 and its surroundings is investigated using XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Spitzer observations. This source is located in an interaction region of the IC 443 supernova remnant with a neighboring molecular cloud. The X-ray emission consists of a number of bright clumps embedded in an extended structured non-thermal X-ray nebula larger than 30" in size. Some clumps show evidence for line emission at ~1.9 keV and ~3.7 keV at the 99% confidence level. Large-scale diffuse radio emission of IC 443 passes over the source region, with an enhancement near the source. An IR source of about 14" x 7" size is prominent in the 24 um, 70 um, and 2.2 um bands, adjacent to a putative Si K-shell X-ray line emission region. The observed IR/X-ray morphology and spectra are consistent with those expected for J/C-type shocks of different velocities driven by fragmented supernova ejecta colliding with the dense medium of a molecular cloud. The IR emission of the source detected by Spitzer can be attributed to both continuum emission from an HII region created by the ejecta fragment and line emission excited by shocks. This source region in IC 443 may be an example of a rather numerous population of hard X-ray/IR sources created by supernova explosions in the dense environment of star-forming regions. Alternative Galactic and extragalactic interpretations of the observed source are also discussed.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal, v. 677 (April 2008), in pres

UNSWIRF: A Tunable Imaging Spectrometer for the Near-Infrared

We describe the specifications, characteristics, calibration, and analysis of data from the University of New South Wales Infrared Fabry-Perot (UNSWIRF) etalon. UNSWIRF is a near-infrared tunable imaging spectrometer, used primarily in conjunction with IRIS on the AAT, but suitable for use as a visitor instrument at other telescopes. The etalon delivers a resolving power in excess of 4000 (corresponding to a velocity resolution ~75 km/s), and allows imaging of fields up to 100" in diameter on the AAT at any wavelength between 1.5 and 2.4 microns for which suitable blocking filters are available.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, uses psfig.sty and html.sty (included). To appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australi

Facial trustworthiness judgments in children with ASD are modulated by happy and angry emotional cues

Appearance-based trustworthiness inferences may reflect the misinterpretation of emotional expression cues. Children and adults typically perceive faces that look happy to be relatively trustworthy and those that look angry to be relatively untrustworthy. Given reports of atypical expression perception in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the current study aimed to determine whether the modulation of trustworthiness judgments by emotional expression cues in children with ASD is also atypical. Cognitively-able children with and without ASD, aged 6–12 years, rated the trustworthiness of faces showing happy, angry and neutral expressions. Trust judgments in children with ASD were significantly modulated by overt happy and angry expressions, like those of typically-developing children. Furthermore, subtle emotion cues in neutral faces also influenced trust ratings of the children in both groups. These findings support a powerful influence of emotion cues on perceived trustworthiness, which even extends to children with social cognitive impairments

The properties of the Galactic bar implied by gas kinematics in the inner Milky Way

Longitude-velocity (l-V) diagrams of H I and CO gas in the inner Milky Way have long been known to be inconsistent with circular motion in an axisymmetric potential. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Galaxy is barred, and gas flow in a barred potential could be consistent with the observed ``forbidden'' velocities and other features in the data. We compare the H I observations to l-V diagrams synthesized from 2-D fluid dynamical simulations of gas flows in a family of barred potentials. The gas flow pattern is very sensitive to the parameters of the assumed potential, which allows us to discriminate among models. We present a model that reproduces the outer contour of the H I l-V diagram reasonably well; this model has a strong bar with a semimajor axis of 3.6 kpc, an axis ratio of approximately 3:1, an inner Lindblad resonance (ILR), and a pattern speed of 42 km/s/kpc, and matches the data best when viewed from 34\deg to the bar major axis. The behavior of the models, combined with the constraint that the shocks in the Milky Way bar should resemble those in external barred galaxies, leads us to conclude that wide ranges of parameter space are incompatible with the observations. In particular we suggest that the bar must be fairly strong, must have an ILR, and cannot be too end-on, with the bar major axis at 35\deg +/- 5\deg to the line of sight. The H I data exhibit larger forbidden velocities over a wider longitude range than are seen in molecular gas; this important difference is the reason our favored model differs so significantly from other recently proposed models.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, uses emulateapj and psfig, 640 kb. Submitted to Ap

CVM studies on the atomic ordering in complex perovskite alloys

The atomic ordering in complex perovskite alloys is investigated by the cluster variation method (CVM). For the 1/3\{111\}-type ordered structure, the order-disorder phase transition is the first order, and the order parameter of the 1:2 complex perovskite reaches its maximum near x=0.25. For the 1/2\{111\}-type ordered structure, the ordering transition is the second order. Phase diagrams for both ordered structures are obtained. The order-disorder line obeys the linear law.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure