Oral Health Is Important, but How Important?

Dental care is often overlooked as a priority and sometimes considered more of a chore rather than an important aspect of personal health. This oversight can lead to poor health outcomes like gingivitis, periodontitis, and even chronic illness like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. This issue brief describes the short- and long-term effects of a poor dental health routine and the simple steps necessary to maintain a healthy smile

Electrodynamics of Media

Contains reports on five research projects.California Institute of Technology (Contract 953524)Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAABO7-71-C-0300

Lateral magnetic anisotropy superlattice out of a single (Ga,Mn)As layer

We use lithographically induced strain relaxation to periodically modulate the magnetic anisotropy in a single (Ga,Mn)As layer. This results in a lateral magnetoresistance device where two non-volatile magnetic states exist at zero external magnetic field with resistances resulting from the orientation of two lithographically defined regions in a single and contiguous layer.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

Standardisation of eddy-covariance flux measurements of methane and nitrous oxide

Commercially available fast-response analysers for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have recently become more sensitive, more robust and easier to operate. This has made their application for long-term flux measurements with the eddycovariance method more feasible. Unlike for carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O), there have so far been no guidelines on how to optimise and standardise the measurements. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the various steps of the measurements and discusses aspects such as instrument selection, setup and maintenance, data processing as well as the additional measurements needed to aid interpretation and gap-filling. It presents the methodological protocol for eddy covariance measurements of CH4 and N2O fluxes as agreed for the ecosystem station network of the pan-European Research Infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observation System and provides a first international standard that is suggested to be adopted more widely. Fluxes can be episodic and the processes controlling the fluxes are complex, preventing simple mechanistic gap-filling strategies. Fluxes are often near or below the detection limit, requiring additional care during data processing. The protocol sets out the best practice for these conditions to avoid biasing the results and long-term budgets. It summarises the current approach to gap-filling.Peer reviewe

FLUXNET-CH₄ synthesis activity: objectives, observations, and future directions

We describe a new coordination activity and initial results for a global synthesis of eddy covariance CH4 flux measurements