LOSING YEARS OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN AKTOBE REGION IN 2014

Background: To analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among people in the Aktobe region.Purpose: This study explores the first of facts losing years of life (Years of Life Lost) to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Aktobe region.Methods: The lost years of life are made up of two components, such as mortality rates and life expectancy. According to the international methodology we performed a calculation years of life lost index by the following formula.Results: During the studied deaths by 2014 COPD causes 156 is in the city, in rural regions 328. The high mortality rate of the city population is observed in the age of 65-69 with indicator 37 and in the second place the ages are 60-64 (29) and 70-74 (29). Here we also found that the burden of COPD is higher in age 65-69 where YLL 880.1 and age 60-64 with indicator of YLL is 820.3. Although in rural indicator the mortality rate in the age group 70-74 (72) are lower than in the age group of 65-69 (68) and the age group 70-74 (60), we found that the above YLL in the age group 65- 69 years (1617.5), and in age group 70-74 (1164.7), than in age of 75-79 years (1098.9).Conclusions: We found that despite the low death rate among the rural population aged 70-74 years, which amounts to 60 people with comparator of more high death indicator in age of groups 75- 79 and 65-69, second high years of life lost indexed in age group 65-69 with 1617.5. Our research is testified that this age group require attention to priority for provide timely, affordable medical care.Background: To analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among people in the Aktobe region.Purpose: This study explores the first of facts losing years of life (Years of Life Lost) to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Aktobe region.Methods: The lost years of life are made up of two components, such as mortality rates and life expectancy. According to the international methodology we performed a calculation years of life lost index by the following formula.Results: During the studied deaths by 2014 COPD causes 156 is in the city, in rural regions 328. The high mortality rate of the city population is observed in the age of 65-69 with indicator 37 and in the second place the ages are 60-64 (29) and 70-74 (29). Here we also found that the burden of COPD is higher in age 65-69 where YLL 880.1 and age 60-64 with indicator of YLL is 820.3. Although in rural indicator the mortality rate in the age group 70-74 (72) are lower than in the age group of 65-69 (68) and the age group 70-74 (60), we found that the above YLL in the age group 65- 69 years (1617.5), and in age group 70-74 (1164.7), than in age of 75-79 years (1098.9).Conclusions: We found that despite the low death rate among the rural population aged 70-74 years, which amounts to 60 people with comparator of more high death indicator in age of groups 75- 79 and 65-69, second high years of life lost indexed in age group 65-69 with 1617.5. Our research is testified that this age group require attention to priority for provide timely, affordable medical care

Современное состояние проблемы системной красной волчанки в Казахстане

Objective: to analyze the provision of medical, including rheumatology, care in Kazakhstan, to study the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to develop a registry of patients with this condition.Material and methods. The investigators analyzed the guidelines for the organization of medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic and the official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2012 to 2017. Articles were searched to select activity indices, organ damages and to assess the quality of life and treatment programs in order to create a registry of patients with SLE.Results and discussion. The paper presents the basic principles of providing medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic. It gives data on the issues of providing SLE patients with medicines in outpatient and inpatient settings. It also analyzes trends in the incidence of SLE in the population of Kazakhstan in 2012 to 2017. There were 4,448 SLE patients, including 3,986 women; a comparative analysis of indicators demonstrated a 62.8% increase in the incidence of SLE from 2012 to 2017. The purpose and objectives of the registry of patients with SLE were substantiated.Conclusion. An analysis of morbidity rates suggests that SLE remains to be significant in the republic. The incidence of SLE has been noted to increase in the period from 2012 to 2017; there is a female preponderance (89.6%). The application of the SLE registry in clinical practice will be able to improve the diagnosis of the disease in the early stage and to prevent possible complications. Цель исследования – анализ оказания медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в Казахстане, изучение показателей заболеваемости и разработка регистра пациентов с системной красной волчанкой (СКВ).Материал и методы. Проводился анализ руководящих документов по организации медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в республике и официальных статистических материалов Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан (МЗ РК) за период с 2012 по 2017 г. Выполнен поиск статей для отбора индексов активности, повреждения органов, оценки качества жизни и программы терапии с целью создания регистра пациентов с СКВ.Результаты и обсуждение. Представлены основные принципы оказания медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в республике. Приведены данные по вопросам обеспечения пациентов с СКВ лекарственными средствами на амбулаторном и стационарном этапе. Проведен анализ динамики заболеваемости СКВ населения Казахстана за период с 2012 по 2017 г. Число пациентов с СКВ составило 4448 человек (из них женщин – 3986), сравнительный анализ показателей за период с 2012 по 2017 г. продемонстрировал увеличение заболеваемости на 62,8%. Обосновываются цель и задачи регистра пациентов с СКВ.Заключение. Анализ показателей заболеваемости свидетельствуют о сохранении значимости СКВ в республике. Отмечены прирост заболеваемости СКВ в период с 2012 по 2017 г., преобладание лиц женского пола (89,6%). Использование регистра пациентов с СКВ в клинической практике позволит улучшить диагностику заболевания на раннем этапе и предотвратить возможные осложнения.

Classical solutions to parabolic systems with free boundary of Stefan type

Motivated by the classical model for the binary alloy solidification (crystallization) problem, we show the local in time existence and uniqueness of solutions to a parabolic system strongly coupled through free boundary conditions of Stefan type. Using a modi¯cation of the standard change of variables method and coercive estimates in a weighted HÄolder space (the weight being a power of t) we obtain solutions with maximal global regularity (having at least equal regularity for t > 0 as at the initial moment).FCT, POCTI/MAT/34471/200

Classical solutions to parabolic systems with free boundary of Stefan type

Motivated by the classical model for the binary alloy solidification (crystallization) problem, we show the local in time existence and uniqueness of solutions to a parabolic system strongly coupled through free boundary conditions of Stefan type. Using a modi¯cation of the standard change of variables method and coercive estimates in a weighted HÄolder space (the weight being a power of t) we obtain solutions with maximal global regularity (having at least equal regularity for t > 0 as at the initial moment).FCT, POCTI/MAT/34471/200

Impact of bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, and acetazolamide on hepatic and renal SLC26A4 expression

SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, a transporter exchanging anions such as chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide. Loss of function mutations of SLC26A4 cause Pendred syndrome characterized by hearing loss and enlarged vestibular aqueducts as well as variable hypothyroidism and goiter. In the kidney, pendrin is expressed in the distal nephron and accomplishes HCO(3)(-) secretion and Cl(-) reabsorption. Renal pendrin expression is regulated by acid-base balance. The liver contributes to acid-base regulation by producing or consuming glutamine, which is utilized by the kidney for generation and excretion of NH(4)(+), paralleled by HCO(3)(-) formation. Little is known about the regulation of pendrin in liver. The present study thus examined the expression of Slc26a4 in liver and kidney of mice drinking tap water without or with NaHCO(3) (150 mM), NH(4)Cl (280 mM) or acetazolamide (3.6 mM) for seven days. As compared to Gapdh transcript levels, Slc26a4 transcript levels were moderately lower in liver than in renal tissue. Slc26a4 transcript levels were not significantly affected by NaHCO(3) in liver, but significantly increased by NaHCO(3) in kidney. Pendrin protein expression was significantly enhanced in kidney and reduced in liver by NaHCO(3). Slc26a4 transcript levels were significantly increased by NH(4)Cl and acetazolamide in liver, and significantly decreased by NH(4)Cl and by acetazolamide in kidney. NH(4)Cl and acetazolamide reduced pendrin protein expression significantly in kidney, but did not significantly modify pendrin protein expression in liver. The observations point to expression of pendrin in the liver and to opposite effects of acidosis on pendrin transcription in liver and kidney

The current status of the problem with systemic lupus erythematosus in Kazakhstan

Objective: to analyze the provision of medical, including rheumatology, care in Kazakhstan, to study the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to develop a registry of patients with this condition.Material and methods. The investigators analyzed the guidelines for the organization of medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic and the official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2012 to 2017. Articles were searched to select activity indices, organ damages and to assess the quality of life and treatment programs in order to create a registry of patients with SLE.Results and discussion. The paper presents the basic principles of providing medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic. It gives data on the issues of providing SLE patients with medicines in outpatient and inpatient settings. It also analyzes trends in the incidence of SLE in the population of Kazakhstan in 2012 to 2017. There were 4,448 SLE patients, including 3,986 women; a comparative analysis of indicators demonstrated a 62.8% increase in the incidence of SLE from 2012 to 2017. The purpose and objectives of the registry of patients with SLE were substantiated.Conclusion. An analysis of morbidity rates suggests that SLE remains to be significant in the republic. The incidence of SLE has been noted to increase in the period from 2012 to 2017; there is a female preponderance (89.6%). The application of the SLE registry in clinical practice will be able to improve the diagnosis of the disease in the early stage and to prevent possible complications

The anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) and renal acid-base homeostasis

The anion exchanger pendrin (Pds, SLC26A4) transports various anions including bicarbonate, chloride and iodide. In the kidney, pendrin is exclusively expressed on the luminal pole of bicarbonate-secretory type B intercalated cells. Genetic ablation of pendrin in mice abolishes luminal chloride-bicarbonate exchanger activity from type B intercalated cells suggesting that pendrin is the apical bicarbonate extruding pathway. The renal expression of pendrin is developmentally adapted and pendrin positive cells originate from both the uretric bud and mesenchyme. In adult kidney, pendrin expression and activity is regulated by systemic acid-base status, dietary electrolyte intake (mostly chloride), and hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone which can affect subcellular localization, the relative number of pendrin expressing cells, and the overall abundance consistent with a role of pendrin in maintaining normal acid-base homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on the role and regulation of pendrin in the context of the kidneys role in acid-base homeostasis in health and disease