Feminist Collaboration in the Art Academy

Women\u27s activity in the visual arts both in and outside of the art institutions of Europe and the United States reveals a history of collaboration in artistic production and political activism This paper analyzes the effects of feminist collaboration upon the disciplines of art, the pedagogy of art, and the administration of art institutions. In Part I, the authors review the impact of feminist collaboration in art history, aesthetics, art criticism, and art production. Part II provides examples of collaborative experiences of women in higher education art institutions and in some art communities in the United States, Scandinavia, and Italy. Three conclusions emerged from the review: (a) Collaboration facilitated women\u27s entry into the visual arts; (b) collaborative dialogue has changed the academic structures of art criticism and art history, but collaboration has had a minimal effect in the areas of aesthetics and art production; and (c) collaboration has not resulted in a significant change in the administration or pedagogy of art institutions

Interactive effects of inbreeding and endocrine disruption on reproduction in a model laboratory fish

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Inbreeding depression is expected to be more severe in stressful environments. However, the extent to which inbreeding affects the vulnerability of populations to environmental stressors, such as chemical exposure, remains unresolved. Here we report on the combined impacts of inbreeding and exposure to an endocrine disrupting chemical (the fungicide clotrimazole) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). We show that whilst inbreeding can negatively affect reproductive traits, not all traits are affected equally. Inbreeding depression frequently only became apparent when fish were additionally stressed by chemical exposure. Embryo viability was significantly reduced in inbred exposed fish and there was a tendency for inbred males to sire fewer offspring when in direct competition with outbred individuals. Levels of plasma 11-ketotestosterone, a key male sex hormone, showed substantial inbreeding depression that was unaffected by addition of the fungicide. In contrast, there was no effect of inbreeding or clotrimazole exposure on egg production. Overall, our data provide evidence that stress may amplify the effects of inbreeding on key reproductive traits, particularly those associated with male fitness. This may have important implications when considering the consequences of exposure to chemical pollutants on the fitness of wild populations.Thanks to NERC's Post Genomics & Proteomics Programme NE/F0077871/1 and AstraZeneca's Safety, Health and Environment Research Programme for funding this work. We thank Alexander Scott (11-ketotestosterone radioimmunoassay) at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Jan Shears and Luanne Wilkes at University of Exeter, Gareth Readman, Vicki Cammack, Kate Hurd and Yohanna Glennon at Brixham Environmental Laboratory for their assistance

Diels–alder reactions of alkyl 2H-azirine-3-carboxylates with furans

Methyl 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2H-azirine-3-carboxylate 1 and furan give the aziridine 2 by a Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction. The hydrolysis of compound 2 leads to a dihydrofuranol 11 by cleavage of a C–N bond. X-Ray crystal structures of compounds 2 and 11 have been determined. Compound 2 reacts with alcohols in a similar way to give 2-alkoxy-2,5-dihydrofurans as mixtures of cis and trans isomers. The structures of these compounds have been determined from an X-ray crystal structure of one of the methyl ethers, the trans isomer 13. The reaction of the azirine 1 with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran leads to the formation of two isomeric 1 : 1 adducts that have been identified as the products of endo and exo cycloaddition, 3 and 4. The endo isomer 3 is converted into the exo isomer 4 by heat. Similar Diels–Alder reactions have been carried out between furans and benzyl 2H-azirine-3-carboxylate 6. Hydrolysis of the adduct 7 formed with furan again produces a dihydrofuranol 25 as the major product together with three minor products, two of which are 1-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-2,5-diols 27 and 28 that result from C–O bond cleavage. Protection of the mixture of alcohols with TBS triflate gives the bis(TBS) ether 31 of the trans-1-azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-2,5-diol as the major product, showing that this ring system can be produced from the dihydrofuranol 25. The bis(TBS) ether 30 of the cis-2,5-diol is a minor product and its structure has been established by independent synthesis through a Diels–Alder reaction between the azirine 6 and 1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butadiene 32.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - POCTI/32723/QUI/2000. FEDER. EPSRC

Ear care: an update for nurses (part 1)

A healthy ear is vital not just for hearing, but for balance and for full engagement with the community. In the first of two articles, Kat Millward reviews the anatomy of the ear, outlines methods of dealing with cerumen, and discusses methods of assessment and diagnosis Our ears are essential for both hearing and balance. Up to 4% of the population will have difficulties with their ears relating to impacted cerumen and many of them will present in primary care with ear discomfort or hearing difficulties. In the first of two articles, we review the anatomy and physiology of the ear and cerumen production, followed by a discussion of the key aspects of making an assessment using the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) mnemonic

Aspergillus mastoiditis, presenting with unexplained progressive otalgia, in an immunocompetent (older) patient

Aspergillus mastoidits and skull-base osteomyelitis are extremely rare, even in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of an 81-year-old immunocompetent man, who underwent a mastoidectomy because of unexplained, progressive otalgia in spite of a noninflamed and air-containing middle-ear space. Histopathology yielded Aspergillus fumigatus. When confronted with otitis with an unexpected clinical course a high index of suspicion is required to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of a potential lethal Aspergillus infection, even in immunocompetent patients. This seems to be more so in older patients with an open middle-ear cavity and/or when there is facial nerve involvement

Transverse Spin at PHENIX: Results and Prospects

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), as the world's first and only polarized proton collider, offers a unique environment in which to study the spin structure of the proton. In order to study the proton's transverse spin structure, the PHENIX experiment at RHIC took data with transversely polarized beams in 2001-02 and 2005, and it has plans for further running with transverse polarization in 2006 and beyond. Results from early running as well as prospective measurements for the future will be discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, presented at Transversity 2005, Como, Ital

Problem gambling: a suitable case for social work?

Problem gambling attracts little attention from health and social care agencies in the UK. Prevalence surveys suggest that 0.6% of the population are problem gamblers and it is suggested that for each of these individuals, 10–17 other people, including children and other family members, are affected. Problem gambling is linked to many individual and social problems including: depression, suicide, significant debt, bankruptcy, family conflict, domestic violence, neglect and maltreatment of children and offending. This makes the issue central to social work territory. Yet, the training of social workers in the UK has consistently neglected issues of addictive behaviour. Whilst some attention has been paid in recent years to substance abuse issues, there has remained a silence in relation to gambling problems. Social workers provide more help for problems relating to addictions than other helping professions. There is good evidence that treatment, and early intervention for gambling problems, including psycho-social and public health approaches, can be very effective. This paper argues that problem gambling should be moved onto the radar of the social work profession, via inclusion on qualifying and post-qualifying training programmes and via research and dissemination of good practice via institutions such as the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE). Keywords: problem gambling; addictive behaviour; socia

Centrality dependence of charged antiparticle to particle ratios near mid-rapidity in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV

The ratios of the yields of charged antiparticles to particles have been obtained for pions, kaons, and protons near mid-rapidity for d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV as a function of centrality. The reported values represent the ratio of the yields averaged over the rapidity range of 0.1<y_pi<1.3 and 0<y_(K,p)<0.8, where positive rapidity is in the deuteron direction, and for transverse momenta 0.1<p_(T)^(pi,K)<1.0 GeV/c and 0.3<p_(T)^(p)<1.0 GeV/c. Within the uncertainties, a lack of centrality dependence is observed in all three ratios. The data are compared to results from other systems and model calculations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR