Report from the Expert Panel on the evaluation of the VRZs during the 2018/19 fishing season

In July 2018 ARK (the Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies) launched a set of voluntary measures, known as ARK’s Commitment, which were proposed to improve the long-term sustainability of the krill fishery. The Commitment was initiated with support from Greenpeace, WWF and The Pew Charitable Trusts as a precautionary action whilst CCAMLR developed spatial management of the krill fishery in Area 48. The Commitment, which took the form of Voluntary Restriction Zones (VRZs), was implemented for the 2018-19 fishing season. The krill fishing fleet associated with ARK agreed to avoid fishing in an area of up to 40 km from penguin colonies in Subarea 48.1 during the penguin breeding season

Factors Influencing Greenways Use in Italy: Definition of a Method for Estimation

The issue of non-motorized mobility in the last decades has seen increasing attention at the international level. Also in Italy we assisted at the creation of hundreds of miles of trails dedicated to cycling and walking, many of which meet the greenway definition of the European Greenways Association: “Communication routes reserved exclusively for non-motorized journeys, developed in an integrated manner which enhances both the environment and quality of life of the surrounding area. These routes should meet satisfactory standards of width, gradient, and surface condition to ensure that they are both user-friendly and low-risk for users of all abilities. In this respect, canal towpaths and disused railway lines are a highly suitable resource for the development of greenways” (EGWA, 2002). More generally, greenways are green infrastructures that can be planned at different scales and for multiple purposes (ecological, recreational, cultural, non-motorized mobility) (Fabos, 1995; Ahern, 1995). Various methodologies and several studies on greenways planning have been conducted also in Italy (Rovelli et al., 2004; Toccolini et al., 2006; Senes et al., 2010). The growing number of infrastructures built and the related costs, combined with the recent economic crisis, led to an increasing need for public bodies to evaluate each project in terms of its ability to meet the needs of the communities, particularly in terms of attractiveness for users and benefits (not only economic) for local communities. To do this, planners and decision makers need to be provided with: 1) updated and consistent data on greenways and trails users; 2) models, based on the previous data, that can help to predict the number of users on a planned infrastructure. In such a context, the aim of this research was to assess the relationships between the number of users detected along some Italian greenways and the characteristics of the territory crossed (in terms of population and environment), in order to define a model capable of estimating the potential users of a greenway before it is realized. It represents one of the first attempts in Italy

Synthesis of a new chiral bis-arsine ligand based on natural carbohydrates

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions have become one of the most powerful tools for asymmetric C−C bond formation.1 Chiral diphosphine ligands have been some of the largest classes of ligands used in asymmetric substitutions. Trost developed the chiral ligand, which played a crucial role in the improvement of Pdcatalyzed asymmetric substitutions.2 Based on the Trost modular ligand (TML) system 3 a family of ligands has been prepared. We recently reported the synthesis and application of the novel chiral bis-arsine ligand 2 derived from TML.http://blucherproceedings.com.br/articles/details/2323Fil: Parajón Puenzoa, Sol C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.Fil: Parajón Puenzoa, Sol C. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Parajón Puenzoa, Sol C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Parajón Puenzoa, Sol C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbonos; Argentina.Fil: Arata Badano, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.Fil: Arata Badano, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Lopez Vidal, Martin G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.Fil: Lopez Vidal, Martin G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Varela, Oscar. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Varela, Oscar. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbonos; Argentina.Fil: Martín, Sandra E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.Fil: Martín, Sandra E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina.Química Orgánic

Surface deoxidation mechanism during vacuum heat treatment of stainless steels AISI 304 and 446

A process of removal of surface oxides from stainless steels AISI 304 and 446 that involves reduction by residual carbon, followed by the formation and desorption of carbon monoxide, is studied by investigation of thermal desorption with quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Carbon monoxide desorption is studied as a function of time and temperature by QMS, and carbon diffusion due to heat treatment is studied with SIMS—twice as much carbon monoxide desorbs from AISI 304 overall and desorption sets in at 900 °C as opposed to 1100 °C for AISI 446. In samples heated to 900 °C, carbon shows surface enrichment in AISI 304 but depletion in AISI 446

Development and preliminary data on the use of a mobile app specifically designed to increase community awareness of invasive pneumococcal disease and its prevention

PublishedGiven the growing use and great potential of mobile apps, this project aimed to develop and implement a user-friendly app to increase laypeople's knowledge and awareness of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Despite the heavy burden of IPD, the documented low awareness of IPD among both laypeople and healthcare professionals and far from optimal pneumococcal vaccination coverage, no app specifically targeting IPD has been developed so far. The app was designed to be maximally functional and conceived in accordance with user-centered design. Its content, layout and usability were discussed and formally tested during several workshops that involved the principal stakeholders, including experts in IPD and information technology and potential end-users. Following several workshops, it was decided that, in order to make the app more interactive, its core should be a personal “checker” of the risk of contracting IPD and a user-friendly risk-communication strategy. The checker was populated with risk factors identified through both Italian and international official guidelines. Formal evaluation of the app revealed its good readability and usability properties. A sister web site with the same content was created to achieve higher population exposure. Seven months after being launched in a price- and registration-free modality, the app, named “Pneumo Rischio,” averaged 20.9 new users/day and 1.3 sessions/user. The first in-field results suggest that “Pneumo Rischio” is a promising tool for increasing the population's awareness of IPD and its prevention through a user-friendly risk checker.The development of the app is a part of the project on increasing the population's awareness of invasive pneumococcal disease and has been supported by sponsorship from Pfizer S.r.l. The sponsor had no role in the app design and development. The authors thank Progetti di Impresa Srl for creating the app and website

Dynamical Gauge Symmetry Breaking in SU(3)L⊗U(1)XSU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X Extension of the Standard Model

We study the $SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ extension of the Standard model with a strong U(1) coupling. We argue that current experiments limit this coupling to be relatively large. The model is dynamically broken to the Standard $SU(2)_L \otimes U(1)$ model at the scale of a few TeV with all the extra gauge bosons and the exotic quarks acquiring masses much larger than the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. Furthermore we find that the model leads to large dynamical mass of the top quark and hence also breaks the electroweak gauge symmetry. It therefore leads to large dynamical effects within the Standard model and can partially replace the Higgs interactions.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figures; revised version predicting realistic mass spectru

Mosquito Repellency of Polyester Nets Treated with Cyclodextrin/Repellent Complexes

Fabric treatments with β-Cyclodextrins (β-CD) have been studied for different applications as nanotechnologycal approaches to achieve functional textiles. In particular, repellents and insecticides have been incorporated in β-CD treated textiles to prolong their release. In this case, Citriodiol®, a naturally derived mosquito repellent, was incorporated to β-CD treated polyester (PET) nets. Two methods for citriodiol inclusion were studied; i) pipette dripping or ii) impregnation of fabric in a plastic bag, in order to increase the repellent activity of PET textile substrates. Release profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography and repellency was monitored by in vivo assays with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Long lasting and reloadable mosquito repellent nets could be achieved by treating PET knits with citriodiol/β-CD complexes.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore