Hydrogen recombination on a mixed adsorption layer at saturation on a metal surface: H → (D + H)sat + Ni(100)

Interactions of H atom beams with (D+H)-covered Ni(100) surfaces are simulated at saturation level of 0.93 monolayer using quasi-classical microcanonical trajectory method. The Ni substrate is treated as a non-rigid multilayer slab using an embedded-atom method. The model many-body potential energy surface London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato used to characterize the interactions between H-H and H-Ni(100) systems parameterized by fitting to the results of detailed total-energy calculations based on density functional theory. Since most of the incident H atoms trap to form hot atoms, reactions between the projectile atom and adsorbates are mainly due to the hot atom process. Results of a linear behavior of the total HD and quadratic behavior of the D2 yields with the initial D coverage, in addition, significantly low secondary reactions between the adsorbates are found to be in good agreement with the experiment. In addition distributions of the rotational states of the product molecules, molecular desorption angles, vibrational states of the product molecules, molecular formation and desorption time, total and translational energies of the product molecules are also calculated as functions of different H and D coverages on the surface. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of hue, saturation, and brightness on preference

A study was done to investigate preference responses for foreground-background color relationships. To do this, 123 university undergraduates in Ankara, Turkey, were asked to view eight background colors selected from HSB color space on which color squares of differing hues, saturations, and brightnesses were presented. Subjects were asked to show the color square they preferred on the presented background color. Findings showed that colors having maximum saturation and brightness were most preferred. Blue was the most preferred hue regardless of background. The findings for preferences for foreground-background color relationships are also included in this article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. Col. Res. Appl

Cognitive and emotional representations of terror attacks: A cross-cultural exploration

A questionnaire measuring cognitive and affective representations of terror risk was developed and tested in Turkey and Israel. Participants in the study were university students from the two countries (n = 351). Four equivalent factors explained terror risk cognitions in each sample: costs, vulnerability, trust, and control. A single negative emotionality factor explained the affective component of terror risk representations in both samples. All factors except control could be measured reliably. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire by showing expected associations between cognitions and emotions, as well as indicating gender differences and cultural variations. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches, and practical implications. © 2007 Society for Risk Analysis

Effects of Hue, Saturation, and Brightness: Part 2 - Attention

This is the second part of an experiment by Camgöz, Yener and Güvenç, which investigates attention responses for foreground-background colour relationships. One hundred and twenty three university undergraduates in Ankara, Turkey, viewed eight background colours selected from HSB colour space, on which colour squares of differing hues, saturations, and brightness's were presented. Participants were asked to show the colour square attracting the most attention on the presented background colour. Findings showed that on any background colour, colours of maximum saturation and brightness attract the most attention (67%). The yellow-green, green, and cyan range attracts the most attention (45%), followed by the red and magenta range (30%). Foreground-background colour relationships in terms of attention are also included in the findings of the study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Structural and energetic properties of nickel clusters: 2≤N≤1502 \le N \le 150

The four most stable structures of Ni$_N$ clusters with $N$ from 2 to 150 have been determined using a combination of the embedded-atom method in the version of Daw, Baskes and Foiles, the {\it variable metric/quasi-Newton} method, and our own {\it Aufbau/Abbau} method. A systematic study of energetics, structure, growth, and stability of also larger clusters has been carried through without more or less severe assumptions on the initial geometries in the structure optimization, on the symmetry, or on bond lengths. It is shown that cluster growth is predominantly icosahedral with $islands$ of {\it fcc}, {\it tetrahedral} and {\it decahedral} growth. For the first time in unbiased computations it is found that Ni$_{147}$ is the multilayer (third Mackay) icosahedron. Further, we point to an enhanced ability of {\it fcc} clusters to compete with the icosahedral and decahedral structures in the vicinity of N=79. In addition, it is shown that conversion from the {\it hcp}/anti-Mackay kind of icosahedral growth to the {\it fcc}/Mackay one occurs within a transition layer including several cluster sizes. Moreover, we present and apply different analytical tools in studying structural and energetic properties of such a large class of clusters. These include means for identifying the overall shape, the occurrence of atomic shells, the similarity of the clusters with, e.g., fragments of the {\it fcc} crystal or of a large icosahedral cluster, and a way of analysing whether the $N$-atom cluster can be considered constructed from the $(N-1)$-atom one by adding an extra atom. In addition, we compare in detail with results from chemical-probe experiment. Maybe the most central result is that first for clusters with $N$ above 80 general trends can be identified.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figure

Distributive politics and regional development: assessing the territorial distribution of Turkey’s public investment

Turkey is often perceived as a country with low bureaucratic capacity and prone to political manipulation and ‘pork-barrel’. This article tests whether this is the case, by analysing the extent to which politics, rather than equity and efficiency criteria, have determined the geographical allocation of public investment across the 81 provinces of Turkey between 2005 and 2012. The results show that although the Turkish government has indeed channelled public expenditures to reward its core constituencies, socioeconomic factors remained the most relevant predictors of investment. Moreover, in contrast to official regional development policy principles, we uncover the concentration of public investment in areas with comparatively higher levels of development. We interpret this as the state bureaucracy’s intentional strategy of focussing on efficiency by concentrating resources on ‘the better off among the most in need’

Architecture and Gender : Lessons from Building Archaeology in Africa

Peer reviewe