Mesanenin verrüköz karsinomu

Smith-Lemli-Opitz sendromu otozomal resesif geçen, çok sayıda doğuştan malformasyonun eşlik ettiği nadir görülen bir sendromdur. Smith-Lemli-Opitz sendromlu olgularda kolesterol biyosentezinin son basamağında 7-dehidrokolesterolü kolesterole çeviren ve geni 11q13'de lokalize bir enzim olan 7-dehidrokolesterol redüktazın doğuştan eksikliği mevcuttur. Otuz beş haftalık 1500 gr doğan bebeğin cildi kuru ve parşömen kâğıdı görünümünde, mikrognati, hipertelörizm, düşük kulak, antevert burun delikleri, belirgin filtrum, yarık damak, el parmaklarında ulnar deviasyon ve distal fleksiyon kontraktürü, çomaklaşma, ayaklarda pes ekino varus deformitesi ve çekiç topuk, sağ ayakta sindaktili, ambigius genitalya mevcuttu. İncelemelerde total kolesterol 108 mg/dl LDL kolesterol 48.8 mg/dl bulundu. Yirmi beşinci gün hayatını kaybeden olgunun otopsisinde iki loblu sağ akciğer, atriyal septal defekt, patent duktus arteriyozus, üreterlerde iki taraflı yerleşim anomalisi, sol sürrenalde insitu saptandı.Verrucous carcinoma is a very rare entity in the urinary bladder, and it is usually associated with Condyloma accuminatum and schistosomiasis. Though chronic irritation is accepted as a common etiological factor in few rare cases, bladder stone has not been demonstrated among irritative etiologic agents. Verrucous carcinoma in the bladder of a man of 54 years, who underwent three surgical interventions in the last 20 years because of bladder stone, is presented. The histopathological diagnosis of the specimen from the third operation was verrucous carcinoma of the bladder. Recently the fourth operation; a transurethral resection was performed, as the verrucous carcinoma relapsed

Olfactory Neuroepithelium in Olfactory Cleft Polyps: Do They Have Any Effect on Olfaction Results After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?

Objective:How the presence of olfactory structures in olfactory cleft polyps (OCPs) affect olfaction function outcomes after surgical removal has not yet been investigated. In this study we aimed to assess the presence of olfactory structures in OCPs and correlate these findings with olfactory outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Methods:Twenty seven patients with OCP underwent preoperative topical and systemic steroid treatment and ESS. Biopsies from the middle meatal polyps (MMPs) and OCPs were immunohistochemically analyzed for olfactory marker protein (OMP). The smell diskettes olfaction test was applied to patients at baseline, after steroid treatment (AST) and after ESS.Results:OCPs exhibited OMP staining more commonly and intensely compared to MMPs (p=0.008), however, there were no correlations between OMP staining scores and any of the olfaction scores (p>0.05). Steroid treatment increased smell function significantly (p<0.001), however, there were no significant differences between AST and after ESS smell scores (p=0.17). There were significant correlations between smell gains AST and final smell gains after ESS (r=0.665, p<0.001).Conclusion:OCPs contain olfactory neuroepithelium more commonly and intensely than MMPs in nasal polyp patients. However, surgical importance of this finding is controversial because removal of these polyps did not decrease smell function postoperatively in our study. Nasal polyp patients who will take steroid treatment pre-operatively must be informed that the success of ESS on olfaction depends on the response of the steroid treatment and ESS AST might not have additional favorable effect on smell function

Olfactory neuroepithelium in the middle turbinate: is there any impact on olfaction function after lateral marsupialization for concha bullosa surgery?

Introduction: The effect of the quantity of olfactory neuroepithelium in the middle turbinate on the postoperative olfactory function for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients has not yet been evaluated. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the olfactory structures in the middle turbinate by immunohistochemical analysis of the olfactory marker protein and to correlate the immunostaining results with the olfaction test results for patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Methods: Surgical materials of 18 middle turbinate concha bullosa patients who had undergone lateral marsupialization surgery were immunostained with olfactory marker protein antibodies. Smell diskettes olfaction test was applied to all of the study group patients both preoperatively and three months postoperatively. A visual analog scale was used to quantify the sense of nasal obstruction. Results: It was observed that the postoperative smell scores and the nasal obstruction visual analog scale values were significantly improved as compared to the preoperative values (p  0.05). Conclusion: This first paper demonstrated that the quantity of the olfactory mucosa in the middle turbinate was not a determining factor for the postoperative smell function degree for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients. The underlying cause of the olfactory deficit for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients seems to be obstruction related rather than the middle turbinate’s olfactory mucosa containing status

Second Primary Malignant Tumours in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective: The primary aim of our study is to establish the frequency and clinicopathological features of seconder primary malignant tumours (SPMTs) in cases with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Shear wave elastography findings in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy patients: is it more specific and sensitive for interstitial fibrosis or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy?

Background:Prediction of prognosis in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) and taking appropriate precautions may reduce annual incidence of chronic kidney disease. This may be possible by close follow-up for the development and progression of interstitial fibrosis (IF) or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) in IgAN patients. Aim:To investigate whether Young's elastic modulus (YM) which measured shear wave elastography (SWE) might be used for follow-up of IF or IFTA in IgAN patients. Methods:Prospective study was approved by Human Research Ethics Committee. Group 1 consisted of patients with IgAN. Group 2 consisted of healthy control participants. Young's elastic modulus which is a value of stiffness along with longitudinal stiffness was used to evaluate tissue elasticity. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) of YM for the presence of IF and IFTA were evaluated. Results:Group 1 consisted of 30 participants, and group 2 consisted of 32 participants. Sensitivity and specificity of SWE to diagnose presence of IF for YM > 15 kPa were 89% and 90%, respectively. PPV among the ones whom IF was diagnosed by YM >15 kPa was 91%. Sensitivity and specificity of SWE to diagnose presence of IFTA for YM > 15 were 65% and 51%, respectively. PPV among the ones whom IFTA was diagnosed by YM >15 kPa was 78.1%. Conclusions:YM which measured SWE is highly specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of IF, but not for IFTA in IgAN patients. Therefore, progression for IF in IgAN may be followed by SWE