Şebekeden bağımsız bir ev için akıllı yük yönetim sistemi

Enerjiye olan talebin artması, buna karşılık enerji arzında ana kaynak olan fosil yakıtların hızla tükenmesi ve fosil yakıt ile ısınma ve enerji üretimi kaynaklı küresel çevre sorunu olan iklim değişikliği nedeniyle sürdürülebilir ve temiz enerji kaynağı olarak yenilenebilir enerjiye olan talep gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Ancak yenilenebilir enerjinin meteorolojik ve iklimsel koşullardan çok etkilenmesi ve süreksiz üretimi güneş ve rüzgar enerjisinin verimli kullanılmasını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu sebeple depolanan enerjinin yüklere doğru şekilde dağıtılması gerekmektedir. Üretim ve tüketimde yaşanan enerji dengesizliğinin minimuma indirilmesi için yük yönetim sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Yük yönetiminin bulunmadığı sistemlerde, emniyetli tarafta kalmak için batarya boyutu ve sistem gücü en kötü senaryoya göre hesaplandığı ve bu nedenle gereğinden büyük seçildiği için kurulum maliyeti artmaktadır. Tüketim tarafındaki yük kontrolünü üretime göre planlayan akıllı yük yönetimi ile kurulum maliyetinin azaltılması ve sistemin verimli ve uzun ömürlü olması sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, şebekeden bağımsız bir sistemde yük yönetimi tasarlamak amacıyla öncelikli olarak akım sayma yöntemiyle SOC (State of Charge – Şarj Durumu) hesabı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanıcı konfor ve kriterlerine göre toplam 4 öncelik sınıflandırılması yapılan cihazların kontrolü hesaplanan SOC değerine göre PLC (Programmable Logic Controller – Programlanabilir Mantıksal Denetleyici) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca HMI (Human Machine Interface – İnsan Makine Arayüzü) ile kullanıcının sistem üzerinde izleme ve kontrol yapabilmesi sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda geliştirilen sistemin kullanılan cihazlarla birlikle bir simülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonucunda yük yönetimi olan sistemlerde yönetimsiz sistemlere göre kritik yüklerin 3 kata kadar daha uzun süre enerjili kaldığı görülmüştür. 2 farklı batarya tipi modellemesiyle sistemin farklı batarya modellerine uygulanabilirliği gösterilmiştir. Geliştirilen sisteme MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking – Maksimum Güç Noktası İzleyicisi) solar şarj regülatörleri, BMS (Battery Management System – Batarya Yönetim Sistemi) vb. uygulamalar da eklenerek kompakt bir cihaz elde edilebilir. Böylelikle kurulum maliyetinde azalma sağlanabilir.The demand for renewable energy is increasing day by day due to the increase in demand for energy, the depletion of fossil fuels, which is the main source of energy supply, and the global warming problem, which is the caused by fossil fuel, heating and energy production. However, the impact of renewable energy on meteorological and climatic conditions and its discontinuous production negatively affect the efficient use of solar and wind energy. For this reason, the stored energy must be correctly distributed to the loads. Load management systems are needed to minimize energy imbalance in production and consumption. In systems where there is no load management, the cost of installation increases as the battery size and system power are calculated according to the worst scenario to stay on the safe side and therefore are chosen to be too large. With intelligent load management, which plans the load control on the consumption side according to production, the cost of installation is reduced and the system is efficient and long-lasting. In this study, SOC (State of Charge) calculation has been performed by using the coulomb counting method in order to design load management in a offgrid system. Based on user comfort and criteria, a total of 4 priority classification devices have been controlled by using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) according to the calculated SOC value. In addition, the HMI (Human Machine Interface) allows the user to monitor and control the system. A simulation of the system developed as a result of the study has been carried out. It was seen that the critical loads in the systems with load management remained energized up to 3 times longer than the unmanaged systems. 2 different battery type modeling shows the applicability of the system to different battery models. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) solar charge controllers, BMS (Battery Management System) applications can be added to the developed system and a compact device can be obtained. Thus the cost of installation can be reduced

RİZOMELİK KONDRODİSPLAZİ PUNKTATA VE GÖZ ANESTEZİSİ: OLGU SUNUMU Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata and Eye Anesthesia: A case report

Rizomelik kondrodisplazi punktata (RCDP) peroksizomal metabolizma bozukluğuna bağlı nadir görülen konjenital bir sendromdur. Epifizyel kıkırdakta noktasal kalsifikasyon bozukluğu, her iki gözde katarakt, hipertelorizm, semer şeklinde burun, çıkık alın, yüksek damak, kifoskolyoz, humerus ve femurda kısalık, kalça çıkıklığı, ilerleyici eklem kısıtlığı ve mental retardasyon görülür. Olgumuzun boy, vücut ağırlığı ve baş çevresi 3. persantilin altındadır. Hastalar katarakt ve glokom nedeniyle göz muayene ve ameliyatları olmakta bu yüzden genel anestezi uygulanmaktadır. Olgumuza daha önce dokuz defa genel anestezi uygulanmıştır. En son 45 gün arayla her iki gözde glokom nedeniyle ameliyat oldu ve iki kez genel anestezi aldı. Biz bu olgu sunumunda genel anestezi uygulamamızı ve karşılaştığımız zorlukları belirttik. Bu zorluklar; entübasyon güçlüğü ve damar yolu bulunmasındaki güçlüktür. Yakın monitörizasyon, komplike olmayan anestezi uygulamaları ve perioperatif hava yolu kontrolü bu tip hastalarda başarılı anestezi yönetimi için önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar kelimeler: Rizomelik kondrodisplazia punktata, genel anestezi, zor entübasyon, konjenital katarakt, glokom

Association of luteal blood flow with follicular size, serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations, and the inducibility of luteolysis by PGF2α in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility of the visual evaluation result of the blood flow characteristics and the blood flow measurements of the CL and the predictability of the responses given by corpora lutea with varying levels of blood flow to an induction of luteolysis by a PGF2α injection and to determine the possibility of increase in serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations in parallel with increased luteal blood flow (LBF). The cows, bearing a CL (n = 60; postpartum 35 days), were injected with PGF2α and were monitored for signs of estrous following the first injection. The cows, which did not show estrous signs, were examined for the presence of a CL on Day 14, whereas those that showed signs of estrous were examined on Day 10 following the onset of estrous. The level of LBF was visually graded as + (low; GI), ++ (medium; GII), +++ (high; GIII), and ++++ (very high; GIV). Immediately after the examination of LBFs, a second intramuscular injection of PGF2α was injected. In the cows, which were determined to be in estrous, the diameter of the Graafian follicles was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Subsequently, these animals were artificially inseminated. The animals, which did not show estrous after the second injection, were examined as previously described and monitored for signs of estrous. A strong correlation (r = 0.654; P < 0.001) was determined to exist between the results of the visual examination of the images and the results obtained for the LBF area with the use of the Pixel Flux software. GIII (0.83 ± 0.15 cm2) and GIV (1.03 ± 0.48 cm2) were found to differ from GI (0.47 ± 0.23 cm2) and GII (0.51 ± 0.12 cm2) for the size of the LBF (P < 0.001). Serum progesterone levels in groups (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) were determined to be 4.44 ± 2.42 ng/mL, 6.03 ± 2.37 ng/mL, 7.01 ± 2.94 ng/mL, and 7.17 ± 1.69 ng/mL, respectively. The comparative evaluation of the study groups showed that the groups did not statistically differ for the period between PGF2α injection and the onset of estrous, mean Graafian follicle size and estrogen levels. No direct correlation existed between these reproductive parameters and LBF

The effects of aglepristone alone and in combination with cloprostenol on hormonal values during termination of mid-term pregnancy in bitches

This study was designed to assess endocrine changes associated with termination of midterm pregnancy after use of two different protocols. For this purpose we compared the effects of aglepristone (AGL) alone and in combination with cloprostenol (CLO) on serum concentrations of progesterone (P-4), estradiol (E-2) and relaxin (RLN) measured at shortterm intervals during the abortion period in bitches. Fourteen pregnant bitches between day 25 and 32 of gestation were used in the study. In the AGL group (n = 7), aglepristone was administered solely (10 mg/kg body weight (BW), subcutaneously, once daily on two consecutive days) whereas in the AGL-CLO group (n = 7), aglepristone (dosage as in AGL group) and cloprostenol (1 mu g/kg BW, subcutaneously, same with aglepristone) were combined. All pregnancies were successfully terminated 5.2 1.6 days after initiation of treatments, which was significant in both groups (P> 0.05). At the time of the start of abortion (SA) and the end of abortion (EA), the mean P4 concentrations were 26.6 7.3 and 12.0 6.4 ng/ml in AGL group, and 2.7 0.7 and 0.9 0.1 ng/ml, in AGL-CLO group, respectively (P 0.05). However, markedly higher RLN concentrations (P< 0.05) were observed in the AGL group at 48 h (1.5 0.7 ng/ml) and at SA (1.6 0.5 ng/ml). The results of the present study indicate that changes in the hormonal concentrations affect the mechanism of abortion in different ways. Further in depth studies investigating changes in the expression of hormone receptors inside the ovary, endometrium and placenta might be helpful to our understanding of the endocrinological differences observed in this study. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved