Transfusion in Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is increasingly performed in several diseases; majority of them are hematologic malignancies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is not an instant procedure; contrarily, its unique clinical and laboratorial consequences may take life‐long time. Blood product transfusion is an inevitable and critical component for the management. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients have different requirements regarding blood products transfusion because of their immune status, long‐term cytopenias and especially HLA and ABO incompatibilities. Health‐care staff who take a part in the management of those patients should be aware of specific and specialized transfusion requirements

Optimal finite element size in reinforced high-strength concrete beams

Açıklık ortasında tekil yüklü betonarme kirişlerde kesme ve eğilme mukavemetleri; doğrusal olmayan (Drucker-Prager akma kriteri) çözüm yöntemleri temel alınarak deneylerle uyumlu tahmin edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kesme mukavemetini hesaplamak için kiriş ortasından tekil yükle yüklenmiş donatılı, yüksek mukavemetli beton kirişlerde, deney sonuçları ile tutarlı yük-yerdeğiştirme eğrisini veren uygun sonlu eleman boyutları araştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmaya tabi tutulan deney serilerinde değişkenler; beton basınç mukavemeti, kesme açıklığının kiriş etkili derinliğine oranı (a/d) ve enine donatı oranıdır. Kirişler doğrusal olmayan çözümlemeye tabi tutulmuş ve sonlu eleman boyutlarının uygun değerleri araştırılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kesme mukavemeti, boyut etkisi, yüksek mukavemetli beton, kesme donatısı oran, sonlu elemanlar.Ever since the finite element method was applied to nonlinear problems in the field of reinforced concrete, many researchers have tried to predict the shear and bending strengths of reinforced concrete beams by using various material models for concrete.  In this study; to determine shear strength of reinforced high-strength concrete beams with shear span to depth ratios between 1.5 and 2.5, under concentrated loads at midspan, finite element size effect on load carrying capacity has been investigated analytically. In order to obtain more accurate numerical solutions from the finite element simulation of the reinforced high-strength concrete beams, the beams are evaluated for the different mesh size. Providing a larger size than optimum mesh size configuration for the nonlinear analysis, the whole load-deflection behavior of the beams have been analyzed and the main results of the numerical analyses were compared with the results of reinforced high-strength concrete beams experimental results reported in literature (Shin et al. 1999) to demonstrate how accurately the present mesh size predicts the load carrying capacity. The test variables were compressive strength of concrete, the shear span to depth ratio (a/d) and vertical shear reinforcement ratio for the comparison.  The elasto-plastic analyses of the beams, employing the Drucker-Prager yield criterion for concrete, have been performed and reasonable mesh size has been investigated. Keywords: Shear strength, size effect, high-strength concrete, shear reinforcement ratio, finite element

Monitoring of fish behaviors with computerized ımage processing methods for the aquaculture

Hayvan davranışlarının izlenip, yorumlanarak faydalı bilgiler haline getirilmesi son yıllarda önem kazanan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme algoritmaları gibi yazılımsal gelişmeler, görüntüleme cihazları ve elde edilen görüntülerin işlenmesine imkân tanıyan donanımsal gelişmeler, hayvan davranışlarının izlenmesine altyapı oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle insanlarla sesli veya fiziki etkileşim yeteneği bulunmayan balıkların yaşam alanlarında temassız ve tahribatsız izlenmesi, bu teknolojiler sayesinde mümkün olabilmektedir. Alternatif türlerin yoğun akuakültüre kazandırılmasında karşılaşılan problemlerin başında canlının biyotik ve abiyotik gereksinimlerinin bilinmemesi gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada görüntü işleme yöntemleri ile balıkların günlük yaşamları, bakımları, beslenmeleri, bazı deneysel işlemlerin yapılması, bireysel veya sürü hareketleri, bu hareketlerin izlenmesi için oluşturulmuş donanımsal ve yazılımsal düzenekler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca, düzeneklerde kullanılan balıklar ve deney prosedürleri, elde edilen görüntülerin işlenme yöntemleri, kullanılan istatistiksel yöntemler ve sonuçlarda ele alınmıştır. Bu makalede, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörü için kullanılabilecek görüntü işleme alanındaki çalışmalar incelenip sunulmuştur.Observing and interpreting animal behaviors and turning them into useful information has become an issue that has gained importance in recent years. Software developments such as machine learning and deep learning algorithms, imaging devices, and hardware developments allow the processing of obtained images from the infrastructure for monitoring animal behavior. Thanks to these technologies, non-contact and non-destructive detection of fish, which cannot interact with people verbally or physically, in their habitats is possible. One of the problems encountered in introducing alternative species into intensive aquaculture is the lack of knowledge of the biotic and abiotic requirements of the living thing. This study gives information about the image processing methods, the daily life of fish, their care, feeding, some experimental procedures, individual or swarm movements, and the hardware and software mechanisms created to monitor these movements. In addition, the fish used in the setups and the experimental procedures, the processing methods of the images obtained, the statistical techniques used, and the results are discussed. This manuscript reviews and presents studies in the field of image processing that can be used for the aquaculture secto

The importance of diffusion apparent diffusion coefficient values in the evaluation of soft tissue sarcomas after treatment

Purpose: In our study, we aimed to show the efficiency of diffusion-weighted images at different b-values and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differentiation of recurrent tumours from post-treatment tissue changes. Material and methods: The conventional and diffusion magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 42 patients operated for soft tissue sarcomas between June 2012 and March 2015 followed up with MRIs that were evaluated by 2 radiologists retrospectively. Diffusion MRIs were acquired at 4 different b-values (50, 400, 800, 1000 s/mm2). The lesions were classified according to conventional MRI findings as post-treatment changes and recurrent tumours. Results: When the patient group with recurrent tumours was compared with the patient group with postoperative changes the ADC calculations were statistically significantly lower for the recurrent tumours at all b-levels (p < 0.001 for all b-levels). The sensitivity of b-50 values lower than 3.01 × 103 mm²/s in showing recurrent tumours was 100% and the specificity was 77.78%. The sensitivity of b-400 values lower than 2.1 × 103 mm²/s in showing recurrent tumours was 80% and the specificity was 96.3%. The sensitivity of b-800 values lower than 2.26 × 103 mm²/s in showing recurrent tumours was 100% and the specificity was 88.89%. The sensitivity of b-1000 values lower than 2 × 103 mm²/s in showing recurrent tumours was 93.3% and the specificity was 92.5%. Conclusions: The ADC values obtained from diffusion-weighted images have high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating recurring soft tissue sarcomas during monitoring after treatment from postoperative changes

Betonarme çerçeve yapısal sistemlerin özel geometrili ve yüksek dayanımlı beton bloklar ile güçlendirilmesi.

Located on one of the highly active seismic fault systems in the world, the building stock in Turkey is mainly composed of reinforced concrete frames with 4-5 stories. Due to design and construction deficiencies resulting from the use of unqualified personnel and insufficient supervision, many of these buildings lack lateral stiffness, ductility and strength. For many structures, there is a need to alleviate these deficiencies by means of some rehabilitation techniques prior to earthquakes. One approach also used very widely in Turkey is to fill some of the frame bays by cast-in-place R/C panels. The procedure appears to be very practical at first glance. It also appears to be very economical as far as the production of the panels is concerned. However, the production phase is slow, dirty, destructive and disruptive to occupants. Moreover, it requires relatively skilled personnel and special equipment. Therefore, the real life experience shows that the actual cost in practice is much higher when all other hidden costs are taken into account. The aim of this experimental study is to explore the potential of using infill walls made of custom shaped and high strength concrete blocks as a simpler and more practical alternative to cast-in-place R/C panels to increase the lateral load bearing capacity of frame structures. The effectiveness of FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitous Matrix) system on damaged structures is also investigated in this study.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Multimorbidities and polypharmacy in ageing hemophilia patients

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether multimorbidities, comorbidities, and therefore polypharmacy increase with age in hemophilia A and B patients followed in Ege University Adult Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center. Materials and Methods: Adult hemophilia A and B patients were retrospectively evaluated. Patients' demographic data, medical information about hemophilic arthropathy, viral infections hepatitis C virus (HCV), body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption, concomitant diseases, and all medications except factor replacement therapy were analyzed. Polypharmacy was defined as ?5 drug use. Patients were compared by dividing into two groups: ?55 years and >55 years. Results: A total of 230 patients were evaluated (189 hemophilia A, 41 hemophilia B). There were 191 patients in ?55 years (83%), and 39 patients in >55 years age groups (17%). The most common diseases in hemophilia patients were hypertension (19.5%), diabetes mellitus (10%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease-chronic gastritis (5.2%). The most common drugs that patients use regularly were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.3%), proton pump inhibitors (12.1%), and oral antidiabetics (9.5%). The number of diseases not related to hemophilia (multimorbidity) and polypharmacy in hemophilia patients aged >55 years was significantly higher than those aged 55 years (p values were 0.00 and 0.01 respectively). There was no difference between the groups in BMI, alcohol and cigarette use, and the history of HCV infection. Conclusion: Our study showed that aging hemophilia patients have more multimorbidities and use more drugs than younger patients. For this reason, the importance of the effects of additional diseases and drugs on quality of life, treatment compliance, and hemostasis is increasing

İntrakraniyal Kanama ile Başvuran Hemofili Olgusu: Hemofili Hastaları Sadece Faktör Eksikliğinden mi Kanar?

Hemofili hastalığında faktör replasman tedavisi ve hasta bakımındaki gelişmeler nedeniyle yaşam süresi beklentisi genel popülasyona yaklaşmıştır. Böylece, yaşlanma ile gelen ek sorunlar ve hastalıklar hemofili hastalarının da sorunu haline gelmiştir. 52 yaşındaki hemofili A tanılı hastamız, faktör VIII profilaksisi aldığı gün intrakraniyal kanama geçirmiştir. Hastaneye başvurduğunda hipertansif atak geçirdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Yoğun faktör VIII replasmanı ve kan basıncı kontrolü ile nörolojik sekel kalmadan iyileşmiştir. Hemofili hastalarında intrakraniyal kanamaların sadece faktör eksikliğinden değil, eşlik eden hastalıklara bağlı da olabileceği unutulmamalıdır