Smart Meter Privacy with an Energy Harvesting Device and Instantaneous Power Constraints

A smart meter (SM) periodically measures end-user electricity consumption and reports it to a utility provider (UP). Despite the advantages of SMs, their use leads to serious concerns about consumer privacy. In this paper, SM privacy is studied by considering the presence of an energy harvesting device (EHD) as a means of masking the user's input load. The user can satisfy part or all of his/her energy needs from the EHD, and hence, less information can be leaked to the UP via the SM. The EHD is typically equipped with a rechargeable energy storage device, i.e., a battery, whose instantaneous energy content limits the user's capability in covering his/her energy usage. Privacy is measured by the information leaked about the user's real energy consumption when the UP observes the energy requested from the grid, which the SM reads and reports to the UP. The minimum information leakage rate is characterized as a computable information theoretic single-letter expression when the EHD battery capacity is either infinite or zero. Numerical results are presented for a discrete binary input load to illustrate the potential privacy gains from the existence of a storage device.Comment: To be published in IEEE ICC201

NATO's third party role in international conflict management

Ankara : Department of International Relations and Faculty of Economic, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, 1995.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1994.Includes bibliographical references leaves 99-103.This study is an attempt to anaiyze NATO's third party roie in internationai confiict management in post Coid-War Europe which targets to suppiement the UN's regime in this regard. Firstiy, an internationai confiict and its management by third parties, particuiarly governmentai organizations, is examined within the framework of the UN Secretary Générai Ghali's theoreticai outiine cailed "An Agenda For Peace". This aims at ciarifying the concepts on which the anaiysis is built. Secondly, NATO's gradual adaptation to third party role in conflict management, from late 1990 to June 1994, is sequentially presented together with its implementation in Bosnia-Herzegovina to demonstrate that NATO has genuinely aspired to assume such a role in European conflicts. Thirdly, the possible third party roles that NATO could perform in the management of international conflicts are contemplated within the theoretical framework summarized in the first part. Finally, NATO's structural strengths and weaknesses are discussed to illustrate that NATO is still the unique regional organization which can assist the UN in managing international conflicts in Europe.Gündüz, H YoncaM.S

Exuberant Behaviour in The Istanbul Housing Market Before and During The Time of The COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from The Aggregate and Disaggregate Levels

We study mildly explosive behaviour in house prices in Istanbul at both aggregate and disaggregate levels via GSADF tests. In contrast to previous studies, our results suggest multiple episodes of price exuberance in Istanbul and most districts. Most boroughs synchronically experienced explosive house prices in 2014–2015; and more powerfully during the last episodes of COVID-19. We also show that financial variables, including low mortgage interest rates and high stock prices, increased the probability of explosiveness

Semi-federated learning: convergence analysis and optimization of a hybrid learning framework

Under the organization of the base station (BS), wireless federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among multiple devices. However, the BS is merely responsible for aggregating local updates during the training process, which incurs a waste of the computational resource at the BS. To tackle this issue, we propose a semi-federated learning (SemiFL) paradigm to leverage the computing capabilities of both the BS and devices for a hybrid implementation of centralized learning (CL) and FL. Specifically, each device sends both local gradients and data samples to the BS for training a shared global model. To improve communication efficiency over the same time-frequency resources, we integrate over-the-air computation for aggregation and non-orthogonal multiple access for transmission by designing a novel transceiver structure. To gain deep insights, we conduct convergence analysis by deriving a closed-form optimality gap for SemiFL and extend the result to two extra cases. In the first case, the BS uses all accumulated data samples to calculate the CL gradient, while a decreasing learning rate is adopted in the second case. Our analytical results capture the destructive effect of wireless communication and show that both FL and CL are special cases of SemiFL. Then, we formulate a non-convex problem to reduce the optimality gap by jointly optimizing the transmit power and receive beamformers. Accordingly, we propose a two-stage algorithm to solve this intractable problem, in which we provide the closed-form solutions to the beamformers. Extensive simulation results on two real-world datasets corroborate our theoretical analysis, and show that the proposed SemiFL outperforms conventional FL and achieves 3.2% accuracy gain on the MNIST dataset compared to state-of-the-art benchmarks

Transformer-Empowered 6G Intelligent Networks: From Massive MIMO Processing to Semantic Communication

It is anticipated that 6G wireless networks will accelerate the convergence of the physical and cyber worlds and enable a paradigm-shift in the way we deploy and exploit communication networks. Machine learning, in particular deep learning (DL), is expected to be one of the key technological enablers of 6G by offering a new paradigm for the design and optimization of networks with a high level of intelligence. In this article, we introduce an emerging DL architecture, known as the transformer, and discuss its potential impact on 6G network design. We first discuss the differences between the transformer and classical DL architectures, and emphasize the transformer's self-attention mechanism and strong representation capabilities, which make it particularly appealing for tackling various challenges in wireless network design. Specifically, we propose transformer-based solutions for various massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and semantic communication problems, and show their superiority compared to other architectures. Finally, we discuss key challenges and open issues in transformer-based solutions, and identify future research directions for their deployment in intelligent 6G networks.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. The current version has been accepted by IEEE Wireless Communications Magzin

Üretim sistemleri teknolojileri

İmalat sektöründe kullanılan üretim sistemleri teknolojilerinin yaygınlığı incelenmektedir