Effect of Waste Titanium Chips Addition Into the Aluminum Alloys on Their Microstructure

In the present study, turning chips were preferred to add titanium into liquid aluminum. Although being easy to reach and cheap, the chips were thought to be effective in minor titanium addition with their large surface area. Experimental studies have been carried out with A356 casting alloy and commercial purity aluminum. The effects of different process parameters were investigated on titanium transfer efficiency, microstructural and microhardness properties of the formed phases. The processes were carried out between 740 - 820 °C, for 2, 4, and 6 h, with the amount of added chips 5 and 10 wt.% (3 and 6 vol.%). The experiments were conducted with both commercially pure Al and A356 alloy. The microstructural investigations and microhardness measurements were carried out on the formed Al3Ti and (Al, Si)3Ti phases. The first noticeable result was that titanium transfer was more efficient in pure aluminum than in the A356 alloy. Also, it was observed that this difference became more significant with an increase in wt.% addition. The measured microhardness values were also differentiated depending on the Si content of the formed Al3Ti compound. Due to the presence of high Si content in A356 alloy, transference efficiencies of Ti were found highly limited compared to pure aluminum as the silicon enrichment in the Al3Ti compound reduces the diffusion of titanium and the growth rate of Al3Ti particles. Maximum transference efficiency was found 47.05% with 10 %wt. chip addition in commercially pure aluminum at the processing conditions of 780 °C for 4 h

Presentation of a case: corpus callosum ınfarct associated with hypoglycemia, presenting with psychiatric finding

A 54 years old female patient, presenting with psychiatric symptoms, after which corpus callosum infarct was detected is presented with the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings here. The patient, who did not have any psychiatric complaints before was evaluated because of personality changes and sleepy state starting 3 days before and disturbance in gait and speech of one day's duration. Previously she had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose was 45 mg/dL. An increase in signal intensity reciprocal to ADC in the corpus callosum was detected in cerebral diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The psychiatric findings in this case were considered as “acute and temporary schizoid personality disorder” that may be explained by an underlying organic cause according to DSM-IV. The clinical symptoms that arise from corpus callosum abnormalities are variable. A psychiatric picture develops in approximately one thirds of the cases. On the other hand, corpus callosum infarct presenting with pure psychiatric findings are rarely observed in the literature. This case was considered interesting because of the temporal association between corpus callosum infarct and psychiatric symptoms in the context of coexistent hypoglycemia and left anterior cerebral artery occlusion

Efficacy of periarticular injection applied trough knee other than posterior capsule in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

WOS: 000385436400008PubMed ID: 26566320Background: We aimed to evaluate periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods: In 154 knees of 77 patients, PMDI was administered intraoperatively through the regions other than posterior capsule to one knee; other knee was control. Results: Drug-injected knees had lower visual analog scale scores and higher passive range of motion postoperatively (p < 0.05). The active straight leg raise was higher in drug-injected knees (47 [61%] vs 19 [24.7%], p < 0.001). Conclusions: PMDI is a safe and effective method of early postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty when applied through regions other than posterior capsule

Concomitantly intra-articular fracture of proximal condylar second and third proximal phalanges: A rare case report

AbstractIntroductionA rare case of proximal phalange fractures has been presented in this study.Presentation of caseA 29-year-old male patient from Turkey was admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology clinic with a complaint of left hand pain, which had persisted for 10days. He described a rotational trauma that had occurred right after hitting his hand on the wheel of a car as a result of an in-car traffic accident 10days ago. Radiological work-ups were requested. In the anteroposterior (AP) graph of the case in which the fracture line could not be observed in the oblique graph, unicondylar fractures in the proximal section of the second and third proximal phalanges have been observed. Surgical treatment was not planned because 10days had passed since the trauma. In the control graphs taken after 3 weeks, healing at the fracture site was observed, and he was referred to physiotherapy after the removal of the splint. A good result was observed after physiotherapy.DiscussionBecause of the extension of tendons is important over the bone, the goal of the treatment is not only to heal the fracture, but also to preserve the sliding mechanism of these tendons. Regarding to lack of soft tissue trauma, favored joint movements after the healing of the fracture can be achieved more easily with conservative treatment; however, the fracture must be closely followed up.ConclusionCondylar fractures of proximal phalanges those nondisplaced can be conservatively treated with closed methods

Graft position in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Anteromedial versus transtibial technique

Introduction: When treating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, the position of the ACL graft plays a key role in regaining postoperative knee function and physiologic kinematics. In this study, we aimed to compare graft angle, graft position in tibial tunnel, and tibial and femoral tunnel positions in patients operated with anteromedial (AM) and transtibial (TT) methods to those of contralateral healthy knees. Materials and methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with ipsilateral hamstring tendon autograft were included. Of these, 23 and 25 were treated by AM and TT techniques, respectively. MRI was performed at 18.4 and 19.7 months postoperatively in AM and TT groups. Graft angles, graft positions in the tibial tunnel and alignment of tibial and femoral tunnels were noted and compared in these two groups. The sagittal graft insertion tibia midpoint distance (SGON) has been used for evaluation of graft position in tunnel. Results: Sagittal ACL graft angles in operated and healthy knees of AM patients were 57.78° and 46.80° (p  0.05). Conclusions: Precise reconstruction on sagittal plane cannot be obtained with either AM or TT technique. However, AM technique is superior to TT technique in terms of anatomical graft positioning. Posterior-placed grafts in tibial tunnel prevent ACL reconstruction, although tibial tunnel is drilled on sagittal plane

Anterior glenohumeral instability: Classification of pathologies of anteroinferior labroligamentous structures using MR arthrography

We examined labroligamentous structures in unstable anteroinferior glenohumeral joints using MR arthrography (MRA) to demonstrate that not all instabilities are Bankart lesions. We aimed to show that other surgical protocols besides classic Bankart repair are appropriate for labroligamentous lesions. The study included 35 patients (33 males and 2 females; mean age: 30.2; range: 18 to 57 years). MRA was performed in all patients. The lesions underlying patients’ instability such as Bankart, anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA), and Perthes lesions were diagnosed by two radiologists. MRA yielded 16 diagnoses of Bankart lesions, 5 of ALPSA lesions, and 14 of Perthes lesions. Albeit invasive, MRA seems to be a more reliable and accurate diagnostic imaging modality for the classification and treatment of instabilities compared to standard MRI

Ghrelin does not change in hyperemesis gravidarum

Objectives: Ghrelin levels can play an important role in maintaining the energy balance of pregnant women. Therefore,we investigated the relationship between HG and Ghrelin.Material and methods: 50 female patients admitted to the VAN Yüzüncü Yıl University, Gynecology and Obstetrics Departmentwere evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 25 pregnant women with HG, Group 2included 25 healthy pregnant women.Results: The two groups showed similarities in terms of age, gravidity, B-HCG and gestational age. There was no statisticallysignificant difference between the two groups in terms of the Ghrelin levels (p = 0.867).Conclusions: This study shows that there is no difference between Ghrelin levels and HG during pregnancy. IncreasedGhrelin in previous studies was attributed to low oral intake. Another study reported lower Ghrelin levels are not the resultof, but are rather the cause of, reduced oral intake during. The balancing of these two conditions does not lead to a changein the level of Ghrelin

İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Matematik Hakkındaki İnançlarının Ulusal Düzeyde Karşılaştırılması

The aim of present study is to reveal pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ (PEMTs) beliefs about mathematics in national perspective and to compare the regional differences. The sample of study was composed of 1418 PEMTs enrolled in 21 different universities as 4th year students in Turkey. 12 regions determined in Nomenclature of Territorial Units or Statistics (NUTS) Level 1 were considered during the selection of sample universities. As data collection tools, “beliefs about the nature of mathematics”, “beliefs about mathematics learning” and “beliefs about the achievement in mathematics” scales which were developed in TEDS-M study and contain a total of five factors were used. The collected data were analyzed to descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test using SPSS packet software. The findings indicated that PEMTs commonly have dynamic views toward nature of mathematics in the context of universities and regions. However, the static view representing the traditional aspect of mathematics also had a reasonably high percentile. Significant differences among universities and regions were determined in terms of beliefs about nature of mathematics, learning mathematics and mathematics achievement. To identify the possible reasons of the differences, it is suggested to carry out in-depth qualitative investigations to examine the variables such as courses and their contents, classroom applications in education faculties on the basis of universities and regions.Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni (İMÖ) adaylarının matematik hakkındaki inançlarını ulusal açıdan ortaya koymak ve bölgesel düzeyde karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de 21 üniversitede dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören toplam 1418 İMÖ adayı oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemdeki üniversitelerin seçiminde Türkiye İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Düzey 1 sınıflamasındaki 12 bölge dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak TEDS-M çalışmasında kullanılan, Türkçe’ye uyarlaması yapılan toplamda beş boyuta sahip “matematiğin doğasına ilişkin inanç” “matematik öğrenmeye ilişkin inanç” ve “matematik başarısı hakkında inanç” ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı yardımıyla gerçekleştirilen betimsel istatistik değerleri, tek yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada İMÖ adaylarının matematiğin doğasına yönelik dinamik görüşü üniversite ve bölgeler bazında yaygın olarak benimsedikleri, bununla birlikte matematiğin doğasına ilişkin geleneksel bakış açısını yansıtan statik görüşün de azımsanamayacak düzeyde benimsendiği belirlenmiştir. İMÖ adaylarının matematiğin doğası, matematik öğrenme ve matematik başarısına ilişkin inançlarının üniversiteler ve bulundukları bölgeler bakımından anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bu anlamlı farklılığı oluşturan faktörlerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla üniversiteler ve bölgeler bazında eğitim fakültelerinde verilen dersler, içerikleri ve sınıf içi uygulamalar gibi değişkenler nitel yaklaşımlarla derinlemesine incelenmesi önerilmektedir

Use of renewable energy faci̇li̇ti̇es i̇n medi̇um-si̇zed li̇vestock farms and a si̇mple appli̇cati̇on

Enerji, günümüzde insanoğlunun en temel ihtiyaçlarından birisidir. Nüfus artışı, teknolojik gelişmeler, şehirleşme ve sanayileşme gibi parametrelerden dolayı, enerji ihtiyacı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, enerji ihtiyacı bütün ülkeler için çok önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ iline bağlı Malkara ilçesindeki orta ölçek büyüklüğündeki hayvan çiftliğinin enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için hibrid (güneş – rüzgar enerjisi) bir sistemin tekno-ekonomik uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çiftliğin enerji ihtiyacının %30 ‘unun güneş enerjisinden ve %20 ‘sinin rüzgar enerjisinden karşılandığında, işletmeye sağladığı ekonomik kazanç hesaplanmıştır.Today, energy is one of the most principal needs of the humanity. Due to population growth, technological advances, industrialization and urbanization, the need of using energy is increasing day by day. Therefore, the need of energy has become a major problem for all the countries. In this study, in the district of Malkara that is located in Tekirdağ province, to meet the energy requirements of a medium-scale livestock farm, the feasibility of the hybrid (solar-wind energy) techno-economic system is investigated. As a result, to meet the energy need of this animal farm, it is calculated from economic gains provided to be established a %30 of a solar energy system and %20 of a wind energy system

Comparison of Hypothermic and Isothermic Blood Cardioplegia Used in Myocardial Protection in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Günümüzde açık kalp cerrahisinde, en önemli sorunlardan biri, iskemi sırasında, miyokard hücrelerinin hasara uğraması sonucunda gelişen fonksiyon kaybıdır. İskemik hasarı minimalize etme konusunda yapılan çalışmalarla geliştirilen kardiyopleji solüsyonları ve diğer teknikler ile bu sorun kısmen giderilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı kardiyoplejik solüsyonların (hipotermik kan kardiyoplejisi (HKK), izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi (İKK) arterial klemp süresince kalbin korunmasına olan katkıları ve kardiyak fonksiyonlara etkisini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla “grup 1” hipotermik kan kardiyoplejisi ve ‘’grup 2’’ izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi kullanan hastalar olarak 2 grup oluşturuldu. Her iki grupta hasta sayısı 20 kişi olarak belirlendi. Seçilen tüm hastaların kalbin kasılma gücünü gösteren ejeksiyon fraksiyon (EF) değeri % 30’dan yüksekti. Kardiyak troponin I (CTnI) ve kreatin kinaz miyokard bandı (CK-MB) kalp cerrahisi sırasında miyokardiyal hücre hasarının bir göstergesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da, kardiyak troponin I ve CK-MB miyokardiyal hasarlanmanın göstergesi olarak kabul edildi. Sonuç olarak, kardiyak cerrahide oluşturulan kardiyak arrest döneminde oluşabilecek iskemi, reperfüzyon hasarından miyokardı korumak amacıyla kullanılan hipotermik kan kardiyoplejisi ve izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi arasında fark görülmedi.One of the most important problems in open heart surgery today is the loss of function that occurs as a result of myocardial cell damage during ischemia. This problem was partially solved by cardioplegia solutions and other techniques which were developed with the aim of minimizing ischemic damage. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different cardioplegic solutions (hypothermic blood cardioplegia (HBC), isothermic blood cardioplegia (IBC)) on cardiac function and contribution to preservation of the heart during arterial clamp. For this purpose, 2 groups were formed as "group 1" hypothermic blood cardioplegia and "group 2" isothermic blood cardioplegia patients. The number of patients was determined as 20 in both groups. The ejection fraction (EF) value of the selected patients was higher than 30%. Cardiac troponin I (CTNI) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) are used as a marker of myocardial cell damage during cardiac surgery. In this study, cardiac troponin I and CK-MB were also considered as indicators of myocardial injury. As a result, there is no difference between hypothermic blood cardioplegia and isothermic blood cardioplegia, which are used to protect myocardium from ischemia, reperfusion injury during cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery