A STUDY OF THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE CONDUCTOR AND THE CHORISTS IN POLYPHONIC CHOIRS OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES AND PURPOSES.

Bu araştırma, amaçları bakımından farklı yapılanmış çok sesli korolarda koristlerle koro şefi arasındaki iletişimi incelemek, yapılanış biçimlerindeki farklılıkların, iletişimlerine yansıma durumu ile korolardaki en güçlü ve en zayıf iletişim davranışlarını saptayarak, belirlemek, benzerlik ve farklılıklarına göre iletişim davranışlarının geliştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunmak için yapılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde, koristlerin koro şefleriyle ve koro şeflerinin de koristleriyle olan iletişimlerini ve dolayısıyla korodaki genel iletişimi belirlemeye yönelik durum saptamaları yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda; koristlerin şefleriyle ve şeflerin de koristleriyle olan iletişim durumları aynı anketlerin uygulanması ile belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın nicel nitelikteki verileri belgesel tarama modeli çerçevesinde araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Koro Şefi ve Koristler İletişim Anketi ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ise SPSS 15.0 (Statistical package for social sciences) paket programından yararlanılmış ve puanlar arasında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığının belirlenebilmesi amacıyla tek yönlü varyans analizi (one way anova) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın genel evrenini, amaçları bakımından farklı yapılanmış çok sesli korolar, çalışma evrenini ise, bu korolar arasından 2008-2009 eğitim-öğretim yılında halen çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olan ve rastgele seçilen bir profesyonel çok sesli koro, bir amatör çok sesli koro, bir de çok sesli eğitim korosunun koristleri ve koro şefleri oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmanın evreni aynı zamanda örneklem olarak alınmıştır. AraŞtırma sonucuna dayanarak; iletişimin, eğitim korosu, profesyonel koro ve amatör korodaki anlamlı farkları ve benzerlikleri ve her bir korodaki en güçlü ve en zayıf iletişim durumları ayrı ayrı ortaya koyulmuş, aksayan yönlere dair gerekli görülen önermelerde bulunulmuştur.This research analyzes the communication between the conductor and the chorists in polyphonic choirs of different structures and purposes, as well as the effect that differences in structure have on this communication; it pinpoints and determines the strongest and weakest communicative behaviours in choirs, aiming at improving the formers by making suggestions in accordance to the similarities and divergences found. While realising this work, the state-of-play of the conductorsz communication with the chorists and vice-versa has been particularly established, hence generally establishing the state-of-play of communication within choirs. To do so, a poll study was run where the same questionnaire has been used for both chorists and conductors. The qualitative data of this study has been gathered through the Conductor and Chorists Communication Poll set up bu the researcher herself and according to the documentative surveying method. The analysis of the data has been done with the support of the SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programme and in order to check whether there was a significant variation between the result points of the datazs analysis, the one way use analysis of varience (One way ANOVA) has been applied. Choirs of different structures and purposes constitute the survey population of this study whilst its target population is constituted of the chorists and the conductors of one professional polyphonic choir, one amateur polyphonic choir, and one pedagogical polyphonic choir. This population is also the studyzs sample. iv Based on the outcome of the research, the significant similarities and divergences of communication within the pedagogical, the professional and the amateur polyphonic choirs have been evaluated; and the strongest and weakest communicative behaviours have been exhibited. Eventually, some suggestions have been made with respect to faults detected, aiming at contributing to the improvement of in-choir communication. Key words: Communication, Polyphonic Choir, Chorist, Choral Education, Choir Conductor

Self-cleaning ability quantization of textiles with degussa P-25

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.This study proposes a systematic quantification of effectiveness of the Degussa P-25 titania particles used as a benchmark in photocatalytic applications to standardize ability of self-cleaning textile applications and to compare activity of developing new self-cleaning textiles. To quantify photocatalytic efficiency of P-25, textile production was performed in a harmony with textile manufacturing by combining finishing process and coating procedure. The results of the study suggest that the textiles treated with P-25 particles produced without a secondary treatment were effectively coated and their stain discoloration ability was also validated with solid color spectrometer

PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AND TEACHER CANDIDATES’ COPING STYLES WITH STRESS

Stres, bir bütün olarak bireyi tehdit eden çevresel faktörlerin bir bileşimi olarak düşünülebilir. Stresle baş etme, içsel ve dışsal talepleri dengelemek için bireyin bilişsel ve davranışsal çabalarını ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin ve öğretmen adaylarının stresle başa çıkma tarzlarını bazı değişkenlere göre incelemesidir. Araştırmada, öğretmenlerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının cinsiyet, yaş ve toplam mesleki kıdem gibi demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi, öğretmen adaylarının ise yaş, cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aynı branştaki öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının stresle başa çıkma tarzlarını ortaya koyan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Balıkesir ilinde görev yapan 143 okul öncesi öğretmeni ve Balıkesir Üniversitesi Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi okul öncesi eğitimi anabilim dalında eğitim gören 180 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Şahin ve Durak (1995) tarafından geliştirilen "Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan ölçek ve alt boyutlarının güvenirlik katsayıları, çalışmaya esas değişkenlerin ortalama, mod, medyan, çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, bağımsız grup t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, varyansın homojenliği için Levene testi ve farklar için Post-hoc testleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğretmen adaylarının stresle başa çıkma tarzlarında kadınların, sosyal destek arama puanları erkeklere oranla daha yüksek olduğu, 4. sınıfların stresle başa çıkma tarzlarından sosyal destek arama puanlarının 2. sınıflara oranla daha yüksek olduğu, Öğretmenlerin Stres ile başa çıkma tarzlarının yaşa göre Kendine Güvenli Yaklaşım, Boyun Eğici yaklaşım ve İyimser yaklaşım tarzlarında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu, öğretmenlerin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarından kendine güvenli yaklaşım ve İyimser yaklaşım tarzına ilişkin ortalama puanlarının öğretmen adaylarına oranla daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Effect of betulinic acid administration on TLR-9/NF-kappa B /IL-18 levels in experimental liver injury

Background/aim: Acetaminophen (APAP), used in the composition of thousands of preparations, is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of the betulinic acid (BA) treatment through an APAP-induced hepatotoxicity rat model, using inflammatory, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. Materials and methods: The study consisted of four groups: control group, APAP group, BA group, and APAP+BA group. Experimental studies continued for fifteen days. Serum samples were analysed for glucose, total cholesterol (TChol), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate amino transferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Results: TLR9, IL-18, NF-kappa B, and MDA levels increased significantly in liver injury groups. These increases considerably decreased by the BA treatment. All groups showed immunopositivity for 8-hydroxy-2 & rsquo;& ndash;deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and interleukin (IL-1 beta) in the hepatocytes, inflammatory cells, and epithelial cells of bile ducts. Conclusion: BA can be used as an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of acute liver diseases due to its inhibitory properties in multiple pathways and its potent antioxidant effects.Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects at the University of Artvin Coruh 2018.M83.02.0

Astaxanthin alleviates renal damage of rats on high fructose diet through modulating NF kappa B/SIRT1 pathway and mitigating oxidative stress

Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects at Artvin Coruh University: 2016.M80.02.08This study was conducted to determine the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) treatment on alleviation ofrenal damage in high fructose induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Treatments were arranged in a 2 2 fac-torial fashion: administrations of fructose (30%, via drinking water) and ASX (1 mg/kg/day, within0.2ml olive oil) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The ASX treatment decreasedserum urea (p<.01) and blood urea–N concentrations (p<.02) at a lower extent in rats receiving fruc-tose than those not receiving fructose. Moreover, the ASX treatment reversed the increases in malon-dialdehyde (MDA) (p<.0001) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) (p<.0003) levels and the decreasesin superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p<.0001) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) level (p<.0004), in the kidneyupon high fructose consumption. The data suggest that ASX supplementation alleviates renal damageinduced by high fructose consumption through modulating NF-jB/SIRT1 pathway and mitigating oxi-dative stress

Effects of high fructose diet on lipid metabolism and the hepatic NF-κB/ SIRT-1 pathway

The liver is the primary site for fructose metabolism; therefore, the liver is susceptible to fructose related metabolic disturbances including metabolic insulin dysfunction, dyslipidemia and inflammation. We investigated whether astaxanthin (ASX) can modify hepatic nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expression to alter oxidative stress caused by ingestion of excess fructose in rats. The animals were divided randomly into two x two factorially arranged groups: two regimens were given either water (W) or 30% fructose in drinking water (F). These two groups were divided further into two subgroups each: two treatments, either orally with 0.2 ml olive oil (OO) or 1 mg ASX/kg/day in 0.2 ml olive oil (ASX). Fructose administration increased serum glucose, triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins, and decreased serum concentration of high density lipoproteins; fructose did not alter serum total cholesterol. Excess fructose decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased hepatic NF-κB and MDA levels. ASX treatment increased hepatic SIRT-1 and decreased hepatic NF-κB and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. ASX treatment decreased hepatic NF-κB and increased SOD levels, but did not alter MDA level in rats fed high fructose. ASX administration ameliorated oxidative stress caused by excess fructose by increasing hepatic NF-κB and SIRT-1 expression

Effects of oleanolic acid on inflammation and metabolism in diabetic rats

This work was supported by Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects [2018.M83.02.02] at Artvin Coruh University.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that threatens the health of the world population. We investigated the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) administration on inflammation status and metabolic profile in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Four experimental groups were established: healthy rats not administered OA, healthy rats administered OA, diabetic rats not administered OA, diabetic rats administered OA. OA, 5 mg/kg, was administered by oral gavage for 21 days. Serum samples collected at the end of the experiment and analyzed for toll-like receptor-9, interleukin-18, nuclear factor kappa B, malondialdehyde MDA, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Pancreas tissue was examined for pathology. Induction of DM caused increased serum concentrations of inflammation and oxidative damage markers. DM also caused hyperglycemia-hyperlipidemia and decreased serum concentration of minerals. The islets of Langerhans were degenerated and necrotic. Administration of OA reversed the adverse effects of DM. OA treatment can ameliorate inflammation and oxidative damage due to DM by normalizing hyperglycemia and decreasing TLR-9, IL-18, NF-kappa B and MDA levels

Effects of astaxanthin on biochemical and histopathological parameters related to oxidative stress on testes of rats on high fructose regime

Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll family of hydroxycarotenoids which contains sev-eral double bonds. It is produced by Haemococcus pluvialis, a microalgae and pos-sesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to test whether ASX could protect against oxidative damage in the testicular tissues of rats receiving high fructose. The rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into two main groups: control and fructose (30%, via drinking water) and then each main group ei-ther not supplemented or supplemented with ASX (1 mg kg−1 day−1, within 0.2 ml olive oil) via oral gavage. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA. High fructose consumption tended to increase testis weight and serum testosterone concentration and decreased testicular tissue glutathione-S- transferase (GST) and superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) levels, but did not affect testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) con-centration. Astaxanthin administration increased testosterone, GST and SOD levels and testis weight and decreased MDA concentration. However, ASX administration did not reverse alterations in antioxidant parameters caused by high fructose con-sumption. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) tended to increase in sertoli cell, spermatid and spermatogonia, but not in spermatocytes and leydig cell in response to high fructose consumption. Astaxanthin administration tended to reverse elevation in iNOS in testis cells. In conclusion, ASX could help alleviate oxidative damage caused by high fructose consumptio

Multicenter study evaluating the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology outpatients in Turkey

COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on public health, whether directly or indirectly. The first case was seen in Turkey on March 11, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on March 12, 2020. The study aimed to document the effect of pandemic on dermatology outpatient clinics in Turkey. Fifteen tertiary hospitals from 13 provinces were included in the study, which was conducted between January 12 and May 12, 2020. The International Codes of Diseases (ICD-10) categories and patients' characteristics were evaluated before and after the pandemic. A total of 164 878 patients, 133 131 before and 31 747 after the pandemic, were evaluated. The daily hospital applications were found reduced by 77%. The three of the most frequent diagnoses; dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis remained unchanged after the pandemic. While the frequency of herpes zoster, scabies, urticaria, pityriasis rosea and sexually transmitted diseases increased significantly; allergic and irritant contact dermatitis decreased after the pandemic. The applications regarding cutaneous neoplasms were considerably reduced during the pandemic, and this effect was more pronounced in cities with higher COVID incidence. The pandemic caused a noteworthy reduction in the number of patients accessing dermatological care. The pandemic caused significant changes in the frequency of a wide range of dermatological diseases. The application of cutaneous neoplasms is considerably reduced after the pandemic, and this effect was more pronounced in cities where pandemics are frequent. Therefore, the pandemic has resulted on numerous impacts on many critical issues in dermatology and dermatological care