Antibiotic Resistance of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Urine Cultures in Our Laboratory

In this study; we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram negative bacteria isolated from urine cultures in the Microbiology Laboratory of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital from January 2006 to December 2006; retrospectively. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the most frequently isolated bacteria from both outpatients and hospitalized patients. The most effective antibiotics to these bacteria were carbapenems. These results were suggested to be useful for empirical treatment of urinary system infections in our hospital

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Adult Intensive Care Units with E-test MIC Values of Different Antibiotic Research

Objective: Nasocomial infections are major health problems due to their high morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital duration and higher treatment costs. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus species became one of the leading bacteria causing nasocomial infections especially in intensive care units, recently. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of an antibiotic gives the concentration of antibiotic needed to inhibit the bacteria in the infection area. Careful monitoring of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values is necessary especially during long-term treatments of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) infections1,2. Increasing antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococci, has led to the need for different antibiotics. Methods: A total of 60 meticillin-resistant staphylococci strains isolated in Microbiology Laboratory of Dicle University Hospital, from clinical specimens of patients in adult İntensive Care Units (ICUs) between April 2013 and March 2014 were included in this study. After identification with conventional and automated system, the antibiotic susceptibility rates of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tigecycline, ceftaroline were determined by E-test method. Results: The majority of the samples (26.7%) were sent from Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis intensive care unit and the blood samples were the most common materials (80%) . All staphylococcal strains in our study were determined as susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin and tigecycline. One (1.6%) MRCoNS isolate was resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin while 11 (36.6%) of the MRSA isolates were resistant to ceftaroline. In comparison with the MIC values of MRSA and MRCoNS, only tigecycline was significantly different. Thirty MRSA strains were evaluated in terms of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus/heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA/hVISA) with macro E-test method; any VISA/hVISA isolate was not detected. Antibiotic concentrations below the MIC level, not only leads to treatment failure but also causes mutant bacteria to appear. In order to control the resistance to antibiotics in the treatment of infections due to MRSA and MRCoNS agents, the clinician should be notified of the MIC values of the drugs and the treatment should be planned accordingly. VISA/hVISA isolates should be considered in treatment failures of infections due to MRSA which are in vitro susceptible to vancomycin. Further testing is needed to detect these isolates. Despite the fact that ceftaroline is not a drug used in our country, the high resistance rate in our study is remarkable. This situation may be due to the intensive use of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic susceptibility results should be taken into consideration during planning the treatment of infections. The high average MIC values of tigecycline in MRCoNS infections should also be monitored carefull

Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Rutin Hepatit B Aşı Programının Etkisi

Diyarbakır is the largest residential area in the Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey. Routine HBV vaccination has begun to be implemented by the Ministry of Health in Turkey in 1998. The purposes of this study were to detect the levels of HBV DNA in patients with HBVin 2017, and compare the results of the years 2002 and 2012 according to age groups. HBV DNA results of patients were divided in to seven age groups (0-14, 15-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, >61) and for comparison of HBV DNA levels of 2002, 2012. A statistically significant decrease was seen in the number of indiviuals in 0-14 age group in 2017 compared with 2002 and 2012

First-Line Molecular Genetic Evaluation of Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of a first-line molecular genetic evaluation approach, in children with deafness.Methods:Patients who were found to have sensorineural hearing loss by age-appropriate audiological tests were selected for the molecular genetic evaluation. The molecular genetic evaluation was carried out with GJB2 gene sequence analysis and mtDNA m.1555A>G mutation Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Additionally, in a small group of patients, hearing loss Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) analysis was done out to identify the possible role of copy number changes.Results:In this Turkish cohort, which included 104 index patients and 78 relatives, 33 (31.7%) had Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic variants. One or more GJB2 sequence variants were identified in 46 (44.1%) of the 104 index patients. The homozygous c.35delG mutation by itself explained the etiology in 24% of our ARSNHL group. In one (5%) of the 20 patients of MLPA group, a hemizygous deletion in POU3F4 gene was detected.Conclusion:In our Turkish cohort, we applied a first-line molecular genetic evaluation approach using GJB2 gene sequence analysis and mtDNA m.1555A>G RFLP analysis. This approach revealed the genetic etiology of 44.1% of our index patients. Additionaly, the results of hearing loss MLPA analysis revealed the limited role of copy number changes in this patient group. Furthermore, with a detailed genotype-phenotype association workup, 2 rare cases of Deafness with Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis and Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness syndrome were reported

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Investigation of Clinic and Microbiologic Effects of Systemic Spiramycin Application as Adjunct to Classic Mechanic Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis

In this study, the cIinic and microbiologic effects of the systemic spiramycin administration as an adjunct to scaIing, root planining and curetage, on patients with chronicperiodontitis were investigated. A total of 42 chronicpatients (15 women and 25 men, their age ranging between 35 to 65 with an average of 43.4) with chronicperiodontitis were included in this study. The patients were divided into the spiramycin and control groups.The scaling, root planining and curetage treatments were appIied to alI subjects. The application was combined with the use of 2 gr spiramycin a day for 2 weeks, where as antibacterial treatment was not appIied to the controls.The periodontal status of patients included in the study before and after therapy was evaluated. Using the indices, measurements and methods such as plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding time index, pocket depth measurement and microbiological investigations, together with t-test and ki-square tests. The evaluation of findings in this study shows a marked improvement in two groups for all indices and measurements, while the values of spiramycin groups were statistically significant when compared to the controls. (p<0.01

Invitro Susceptibility of Group A Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcus to Penicilin

A group beta haemolytic streptococci (AGBHS) are the major etiologic agent of acute tonsillopharyngitis and in such cases the classical therapeutic choice is penicillin. The aim of this study was to detect the penicillin susceptibility of AGBHS. We isolated 59 (%89) AGBHS and 7 (%11) non group A beta haemolytic streptococci from 300 throat cultures. All of the AGBHS isolates were susceptible to penicillin