A study on social studies teacher candidates' views on museums and museum education

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of Social Studies Teacher Candidates on museums and museum education. The study group of the research consisted of social studies teacher candidates studying in the Undergraduate Program of Social Studies Teaching in Van Yuzuncu Yıl University during the 2018-2019 academic year. The study group consisted of 209 teacher candidates totally. In this research, which was conducted with the survey model, open-ended questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. The data gathered through the student's interviews were analyzed by applying descriptive analysis method. When the research results are evaluated in general, ıt is seen that; the majority of teacher candidates in the study group did not go to the museum in their lives; they did not take a lesson/course/seminar related to museum education at school; where they believe that the museum has an important place in education in terms of learning onsite, seeing real ruins of the history and giving information about the past; they believe the necessity of making plan, when they appointed as a teacher

Class Based Thresholding in Early Exit Semantic Segmentation Networks

We propose Class Based Thresholding (CBT) to reduce the computational cost of early exit semantic segmentation models while preserving the mean intersection over union (mIoU) performance. A key idea of CBT is to exploit the naturally-occurring neural collapse phenomenon. Specifically, by calculating the mean prediction probabilities of each class in the training set, CBT assigns different masking threshold values to each class, so that the computation can be terminated sooner for pixels belonging to easy-to-predict classes. We show the effectiveness of CBT on Cityscapes and ADE20K datasets. CBT can reduce the computational cost by $23\%$ compared to the previous state-of-the-art early exit models.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Particle dynamics on torsional galilean spacetimes

We study free particle motion on homogeneous kinematical spacetimes of galilean type. The three well-known cases of Galilei and (A)dS--Galilei spacetimes are included in our analysis, but our focus will be on the previously unexplored torsional galilean spacetimes. We show how in well-chosen coordinates free particle motion becomes equivalent to the dynamics of a damped harmonic oscillator, with the damping set by the torsion. The realization of the kinematical symmetry algebra in terms of conserved charges is subtle and comes with some interesting surprises, such as a homothetic version of hamiltonian vector fields and a corresponding generalization of the Poisson bracket. We show that the Bargmann extension is universal to all galilean kinematical symmetries, but also that it is no longer central for nonzero torsion. We also present a geometric interpretation of this fact through the Eisenhart lift of the dynamics.Comment: v2: minor corrections, references added, appendix adde

MICHAEL ONDAATJE’NIN THE ENGLISH PATIENT ADLI ESERİNDE SAVAŞ VE KİMLİK

20.yüzyıl, post-kolonyal teori olarak adlandırılan yeni bir edebi teoriortaya çıkışına tanık olur. Bu edebi eleştiri, sömürgeleştirilmiş ülkelerin tarihini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Sömürgeleştirilmiş ülkelerin edebiyatını okumak suretiyle sömürge sonrası yazarlar ve eleştirmenler, sömürgeleştirilmiş ulusların mirası ve kültürü üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini ortaya koymuşlardır. Postkolonyal teori, sömürgeciliğin sömürülen ülkeyi ekonomi, siyaset, kültür ve benzeri konularda da nasıl etkilediğini aydınlatmaktadır. Michael Ondaatje İngiliz Hasta romanıyla ana karakterleri üzerinde sömürgeciliğin korkunç sonuçlarını sahneler. Postkolonyal yazar olarak Ondaatje, sömürgeciliğin, emperyalizmin ve savaşın yıkıcı etkilerinin farkındadır. Bu yüzden savaşçı karakterlerinin yaşamına iner ve onların nasıl etkilendiğini inceler. Yazar, temel olarak, II. Dünya Savaşı'nın son aşamasında birbirleriyle çakışan dört yaralı insanın hayatını özetler. Savaşın olumsuz sonuçlarından dolayı, karakterler yerinden yurdundan olma, kimlik kaybı ve kültürel sorunlar gibi farklı sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu karakterler kendilerini İtalya'da yalıtılmış bir villada bulurlar. İngiliz Hasta İkinci Dünya Savaşı nedeniyle karakterlerin travmalarını ve yeni bir kimlik oluşturma mücadelelerini açıklamaya çalışır. Bu yazıda, İngiliz Hasta'da kimlik, yerinden edilme ve savaş konularını postkolonyal teorinin kritik lensleri aracılığıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A FACE-TO-FACE SURVEY FROM TURKEY

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some difficulties in the routine care of people living with HIV (PLWH). Subjects and methods: We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on mental health of PLWH and their use of health services. This study was conducted using the face-to-face interview method in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, between 01.09.2020 and 30.11.2020. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and survey instrument designed by the researchers investigating socio-demographic data and access to health services were used. Results: The study included 217 patients, 91.7% (n=199) of whom were male. All of the patients were postponed their hospital appointments, 60.8% were concerned about not being able to contact their physician and 53% had concerned about being stigmatized if they went to the hospital. Of the participants, 27.6% had depression, 12.9% had anxiety and 8.3% had both depression and anxiety. Low income, job loss, and fear of being stigmatized were associated with depression and anxiety. Lower level of education, discontinuation of medications and lack of opportunity to work remotely were associated with depression, while history of psychiatric illness, worry about not being able to contact their physician and cessation of antiretroviral therapy were associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusion: It is important to develop strategies ensuring the continuity of care for PWLH and identify and support those with a higher mental health impact

Psychological Aspects of Outbreaks Scale (PAOS) : A Validation Study

Aim: The aim of this study was set to develop a measurement tool to understand adults’ attitudes towards pandemic and to provide evidence of its validity and reliability. Material and Method: Items developed from a pool of 59 items were applied to 798 adults. The exploratory factor analysis was made on the data collected, and the size of the measurement tool with factor extraction techniques was analyzed using SPSS and R statistical environment. In an iterative analysis of principal components, items that did not meet predefined criteria were removed and the 16-item final version of the Psychological Aspects of Outbreaks Scale was obtained. The final four-factor solution obtained with principal component analysis was also confirmed by the Exploratory Graph Analysis and Parallel Analysis. The second data collection was carried out by distributing the measurement tool to a group of 62 adults. Data were used to analyze the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of the measurement tool. Results: The following names were given to the dimensions: fear of harm, considerations on precautions, intolerance of uncertainty, appreciation. PAOS’s significant relationships with other relevant constructs such as health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and health cognitions supported criterion-related validity support its criterion-based validity. PAOS items had adequate level of internal consistency (α = .77) and test-retest reliability (r = .76). Discussion: The Psychological Aspects of Outbreak Scale (PAOS) was a valid and reliable tool for evaluating people’s behavior, beliefs, and attitudes during the COVID-19 period

Frontal sinüs boyutlarının yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Adli araştırmaların önemli bir parçası bireyin kimliklendirilmesidir. Frontal sinüs, kişisel tanımlama, yaş tahmini ve cinsiyet tayini için değerli özelliklere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada amaç konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntülerinde frontal sinüs boyutlarını değerlendirerek, bu boyutların yaş ile ilişkisini ve cinsiyet tayinindeki önemini belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yaşları 20 ile 85 arasında değişen toplam 178 birey (105 Kadın, 73 Erkek) retrospektif olarak incelendi. KIBT görüntülerinde her sinüs için sağ ve sol taraf olmak üzere genişlik, yükseklik ve anteroposterior derinlik ve maksimum toplam genişlik ölçümleri yapıldı. Çalışmaya dahil olan bireyler yaşa göre 5 alt gruba ayrıldı ve her ölçüm parametresi de alt gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Toplanan verilerin istatistiksel analizi Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı.Bulgular: Sağ ve sol frontal sinüs genişliği, anteroposterior derinlik ve maksimum toplam genişlik özellikleri açısından erkekler kadınlardan istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede yüksek ortalamalara sahipken (p<0.01), sinüs yüksekliği açısından istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark belirlenmedi. Değerlendirilen tüm parametreler için yaş grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark gözlenmedi. Yapılan diskriminant analizi sonucu cinsiyet tahmininde doğruluk oranı % 71.3 olarak hesaplandı.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada KIBT görüntülerinde ölçülen frontal sinüs boyutlarının yaş grupları arasında önemli farklılık göstermediği belirlendi. Bununla birlikte frontal sinüsün cinsiyet tayininde dimorfik özellikte olduğu fakat tek başına cinsiyet belirlemede yeterli olmadığı ve ilave parametrelerle doğruluğunun artırılacağı düşünüldü.ANAHTAR KELİMELER Adli bilimler, Cinsiyet tespiti analizi, Frontal sinus, Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomograf

Rapid Detection of Rare Deleterious Variants by Next Generation Sequencing with Optional Microarray SNP Genotype Data.

Autozygosity mapping is a powerful technique for the identification of rare, autosomal recessive, disease-causing genes. The ease with which this category of disease gene can be identified has greatly increased through the availability of genome-wide SNP genotyping microarrays and subsequently of exome sequencing. Although these methods have simplified the generation of experimental data, its analysis, particularly when disparate data types must be integrated, remains time-consuming. Moreover, the huge volume of sequence variant data generated from next generation sequencing experiments opens up the possibility of using these data instead of microarray genotype data to identify disease loci. To allow these two types of data to be used in an integrated fashion, we have developed AgileVCFMapper, a program that performs both the mapping of disease loci by SNP genotyping and the analysis of potentially deleterious variants using exome sequence variant data, in a single step. This method does not require microarray SNP genotype data, although analysis with a combination of microarray and exome genotype data enables more precise delineation of disease loci, due to superior marker density and distribution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Prevalence and Comorbidity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder Among Teacher Candidate University Students

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye'deki genç yetişkinlerden oluşan bir örneklemde dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) ile sosyal anksiyete bozukluğunun (SAB) yaygınlığını ve komorbiditesini incelemektir. 21-24 yaş arasındaki üniversite öğrencileri araştırma ekibi tarafından hazırlanan sosyo-demografik formu, Yetişkin DEB/DEHB DSM IV Temelli Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile Liebowitz Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeğini doldurmuştur. Sona erme noktası üzerinde puan alan katılımcılar, DEHB ve SAD için DSM-IV kriterlerini gözeten deneyimli psikiyatristler tarafından teşhis amaçlı bir görüşmeye davet edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcıların yüzde 30'u (152/494) tarama ölçeklerindeki sona erme noktası üzerinde bir puan almış ve bu katılımcıların yüzde 60'ı (92/152) klinik görüşmeye katılmıştır. Klinik görüşmeye katılan katılımcıların yüzde 38'i (35/92) DEHB ve/veya SAB teşhisi almıştır. Tüm örneklem içinde DEHB ve SAB yaygınlık oranı DEHB için 3.23% (16/494) ve SAB için 4.45% (22/494) olarak belirlenmişken katılımcıların 0.6% (3/494)'sının komorbid DEHB ve SAB'na sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Burada sunulan bulgular SAB ve DEHB'nin oldukça yaygın komorbiditeler olduğunu belirten literatür çalışmalarını destekler niteliktedir. Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu olan öğretmen adaylarına teklif edilen profesyonel yardımın reddedilmesi ise daha fazla araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Resmi bir teşhis ile etiketlenmekten ve mesleki hayatlarında tedavi görmekten duyulan korku ve endişenin kültüre özgü bir yaklaşımla incelenmesi gerekmektedir.To investigate prevalence and comorbidity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in a Turkish community sample of young adult population. University students aged 21-24 years completed a socio-demographic form developed by the study team; Adult ADD/ ADHD DSM IV- Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Subjects, who scored above the cut off points in each scales, were invited for a diagnostic interview conducted by experienced psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and SAD. 30 percent (152/494) of all participants had a score above of the cutoff point in screening scales and 60 percent of them attended clinical interview. 38 percent (35/92) of those who had clinical interview received diagnoses of ADHD and/or SAD. Prevalence of ADHD and SAD among the whole sample was 3.23% for ADHD (16/494) and 4.45% for SAD (22/494), whilst 0.6 % (3/494) had comorbid ADHD and SAD. Findings presented here support the existing literature that SAD and ADHD are relatively common comorbidities. Rejection of professional help offered to the teacher candidates with Social Anxiety Disorder need further analysis. Their fear of stigmatization and concerns about the impact of a formal diagnosis and having treatment on their professional career needs to be addressed in a culture-specific approach

Radiology-pathology correlation in staging of liver fibrosis using superb microvascular imaging

PURPOSEProgression of liver fibrosis to end-stage disease can potentially be prevented with antiviral treatment. Thus, diagnosis of fibrosis is important in determining treatment protocols. This study aims first, to determine the sensitivity of a novel Doppler method, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), in detecting small vascular structures of the liver compared with other Doppler methods; and second, to choose the best method among these Doppler applications to determine the morphologic changes that occur due to chronic fibrosis. By doing so, the study would be able to provide an ultrasound grading that might differentiate and predict mild and severe liver fibrosis, thus giving rise to a possible alternative to biopsy.METHODSA total of 43 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis and scheduled for liver biopsy were included. Color Doppler, power Doppler, advanced dynamic flow (ADF) Doppler, color SMI (cSMI) and monochrome SMI (mSMI) Doppler were performed in subcapsular areas of right anterior lobe. Depth from the capsule of the most peripherally located detectable vessel was measured for each Doppler subgroup. Appearance of the vascular tree was categorized into four groups and correlated with pathology results. ROC curve analysis was used to determine if this Doppler classification was statistically significant in differentiating mild and severe forms of fibrosis. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to determine which Doppler parameter can significantly predict severity.RESULTSmSMI and cSMI were found to be superior to other Doppler techniques in detecting the most superficially located vessels of the liver, 4.4 mm and 3.3 mm deep from the capsule, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the changes identified in the vascular tree, small vessel blunting was the most prevalent finding in predicting the presence of severe fibrosis (multiple regression test, t=5.969, P < 0.0001). ROC analysis identified that the presence of at least two pathologic findings in the vascular tree was highly predictive of severe fibrosis (AUC=0.881, sensitivity 86.67%, specificity 89.29%, positive and negative predictive values 8.09 and 0.15, respectively).CONCLUSIONOur study proves that SMI is superior to other Doppler techniques in detecting the smallest vessels visible to ultrasound. Using this method, it is possible to determine the vascular changes in terms of blunting and tortuosity and thus predict the severity of fibrosis. This method might be a practical alternative to biopsy