Comparison of Various Measurement Methods in the Evaluation of Swelling After Third Molar Surgery

Objective: This study aimed to examine the differences between 12 metric swelling evaluation methods in patients undergoing impacted lower third molar surgery. Material ve Methods: This study was conducted on the patients indicated for the extraction of impacted lower third molar teeth due to orthodontic reasons. Twenty-six patients aged between 18-40 were included in the study. Swelling levels after surgery were measured using anatomic landmarks used for the methods, and the distances between landmarks were measured before the operation, and on days 2 and 7 afterward. The measurements were done using thread and a millimeter ruler while patients were seated. The distances between the anatomical landmarks were evaluated by 12 different methods. Results: According to the results of the measurements performed on twenty-six patients, (15 male and 11 female) with a mean age of 23.85±6.06 years, male had more swelling than female and the difference was statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the present study; twelve swelling evaluation methods showed significantly similar results and the authors recommended using Method 1 and 5 for convenient clinical evaluation which could be performed with a smaller number of anatomical points

Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble hormone found in certain foods and synthesized from precursors in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light. Vitamin D plays a critical role in bone metabolism and many cellular and immunological processes and low levels have been associated with several chronic and infectious diseases. Vitamin D status is assessed by measuring the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be common worldwide, but little has been reported about the vitamin D status of adults in Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in adults residing in a city in the Aegean region of Turkey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A survey was conducted on a representative sample of adults over 20 years old in a non-coastal city at the end of the winter season. Of the 209 households selected by random sampling, 8.6% (n = 18) were unoccupied and 21.5% (n = 45) refused to participate. Blood samples were taken and questions about medical history, vitamin supplementation, sunlight exposure, and dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were asked in face-to-face interviews of 391 adults living in the remaining households.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 16.9±13.09 ng/mL, with 74.9% of the subjects having 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), 13.8% having insufficiency (20-29.99 ng/mL), and 11.3% of the subjects having sufficient 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) levels. 25(OH)D deficiency was more common among females (78.7%) than males (66.4%, p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adults living in an urban, non-coastal setting in Turkey have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.</p

Phenolic compounds of natural knotweed (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) populations from Turkey

The phenolic compositions of two different Polygonum cognatum samples collected from the Cumra and Manisa regions of Turkey were investigated for the first time. Both tested samples were rich in different phenolic compounds, mostly rutin, isorhamnetin, and catechin. The rutin content of Cumra’s sample was relatively higher than that of Manisa’s sample. P. cognatum has potential regarding rutin content as a functional dietary food or may be used as an ingredient to enrich functional foods. Our study will contribute to the previous works performed by different researchers on P. cognatum, commonly consumed in Turkey, to reveal its beneficial properties

Vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem in the developing world. Even subclinical Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased childhood mortality. Severe maternal vitamin A deficiency may cause increased mortality in the first months of life. There have been a limited number of studies regarding vitamin A status in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin A status of healthy children in Manisa, Turkey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Vitamin A status of 100 healthy children aged 36-48 months is evaluated. The children were seen during routine examination. Serum retinol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Duration of breast feeding, age solid foods introduced, use of supplementary vitamins, weight and height, and intake of specific groups of nutrients on a daily, weekly and monthly basis were collected from a questionnaire completed by the mothers. Height and weight z-scores were calculated according to national standards. Mothers of 20 of the 100 children were known to have normal serum and breast milk retinol concentrations. Children with normal serum retinol concentration were compared with the children with VAD. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare independent variables. The Pearson correlation analysis test was used to test relation between numeric variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean retinol concentration was 0.98 ± 0.32 μmol/L in the whole study group. Serum retinol concentrations were normal (>0.70 μmol/L) in 89% of the children. When children with normal serum retinol concentrations were compared with those with retinol concentrations lower than 0.70 μmol/L, there was no difference in terms of age, gender, weight and height at the time of study, z-scores, birth weight, birth length, duration of breast feeding, time to begin solid food, rate of supplementary vitamin use, and rate of infections (P > 0.05). There was not any relation between vitamin A concentrations and weight and height at the time of study, z-scores, birth weight, birth length, duration of breast feeding, time to begin solid food, vitamin use, and frequency of intake of specific groups of nutrients (P > 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study showed that VAD is a moderate health problem in Manisa.</p

Decreasing trends in cardiovascular mortality in Turkey between 1988 and 2008.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality increased in developed countries until the 1970s then started to decline. Turkey is about to complete its demographic transition, which may also influence mortality trends. This study evaluated trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality between 1988 and 2008. METHODS: The number of deaths by cause (ICD-8), age and sex were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) annually between 1988 and 2008. Population statistics were based on census data (1990 and 2000) and Turkstat projections. European population standardised mortality rates for CHD and stroke were calculated for men and women over 35 years old. Joinpoint Regression was used to identify the points at which a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change of the trend occurred. RESULTS: The CHD mortality rate increased by 2.9% in men and 2.0% in women annually from 1988 to 1994, then started to decline. The annual rate of decline for men was 1.7% between 1994-2008, whilst in women it was 2.8% between 1994-2000 and 6.7% between 2005-2008 (p < 0.05 for all periods).Stroke mortality declined between 1990-1994 (annual fall of 3.8% in both sexes), followed by a slight increase between 1994-2004 (0.6% in men, 1.1% in women), then a further decline until 2008 (annual reduction of 4.4% in men, 7.9% in women) (p < 0.05 for all periods). CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in CVD mortality was observed from 1995 onwards in Turkey. The causes need to be explored in detail to inform future policy priorities in noncommunicable disease control

Validity of verbal autopsy method for infant deaths according to specialist and practitioner evaluation

Çalışma grubunu Antalya kent merkezindeki hastanelerde 1 Ocak 1993-31 Aralık 1993 tarihleri arasında ölmüş olup merkez ilçede oturan 198 bebekten 149'u (% 75.3) oluşturmaktadır. Ölen bebeklerin yakınları ile bir hekimin görüşmesinden sonra anketler üçü pratisyen hekim ve üçü pediatri uzmanı olmak üzere altı hekim tarafından birbirinden ayrı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Pratisyen ve uzman hekimlerin bebeklerin ölüm nedeni olarak belirttiği tanılar, pratisyen ve uzman hekimler için ayrı ayrı olmak üzere biraraya getirilmiş, üç hekimden ikisinin görüş birliğini vardığı tanılar bebeğin pratisyen ve uzman hekime göre sözel otopsi tanıları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bebeklerin gerçek ölüm nedenleri hastane dosyalarının incelenmesi ile saptanmıştır. En son aşamada uzman ve pratisyen hekim tanılarına göre belirlenen sözel otopsi tanıları ve hastanelerden saptanan gerçek ölüm nedenleri karşılaştırılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Uzman hekim tanılarının duyarlılık ve seçiciliği tüm hastalık kategorileri için % 80.0-100.0 arasında değişen değerlerde olmak üzere oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Pratisyen hekim tanılarında ise duyarlılık ve seçicilik değerleri respiratuvar distres sendromu, pnömoni, konjenital anomali, yaşına göre düşük doğum ağırlığı için % 66.6-87.5 ve % 70.0-100.0 olarak saptanmıştır. Pratisyen hekim tanılarında sepsis, doğum travması/ asfiksi, malnütrisyon ve ishal için duyarlılık düşük olarak saptanmıştır.The study population consisted of 198 infants in Antalya Province Center who died in Antalya City Center hospitals between 1 January and 31 December 1993. Relatives of 149 of the infants who did (75.3%) were interviewed by a physician, and the symptoms and signs observed in the infants prior to death were compiled by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaires were evaluated by three specialists and three practitioners. Each physician established the infants' verbal autopsy causes of death. These death causes were identified separately by specialists and practitioners. Agreement in diagnosis by two of the three reviewers was accepted as the infant's verbal autopsy cause of death. The actual causes of death were determined after the hospital files of the infants were studied. In the end, validity of the verbal autopsy for disease categories (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value) was determined by comparing hospital diagnoses with those of the verbal autopsy. Sensitivity and specificity of the verbal autopsy diagnoses established by specialists were found to be quite high, at values ranging between 80-100 percent for all disease categories. For practitioners' diagnoses, sensitivity and specificity values for respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia congenital anomaly, and low birth weight for age ranged between 66.6-87.5 percent and 70.0-100.0 percent, respectively. Sensitivity values of the practitioner's diagnoses for sepsis, birth injury/asphyxia, malnutrition and diarrhea were low

A Frontotemporal Dementia with Epilepsia Parsiyalis Continua Responding Lacozamid Treatment

Seizures may occur in frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes as an element of a heterogeneous group of disorders, according to both clinical phenotype and neuropathology. Although electroencephalography results are abnormal in frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes, epileptic seizures are rarely reported. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of dementia may shed light on the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and may facilitate more rational approaches to seizure treatment. The treatment of seizures in dementia syndromes is still empiric. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is included in the 2001 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification as a continuous type of seizure. According to the 2017 ILAE classification, the present patient’s seizure was defined as a focal onset, preserved consciousness, focal motor, clonic seizure. The onset of epilepsia partialis continua is usually a bad predictor of progressive disease. Furthermore, there is often a failure to respond to combined high dose antiepileptics, regardless of the underlying cause

Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Perspektifinden Seçmenlerin Oy Verme Kararlarını Belirleyen Faktörler: Bir Türkiye Örneği

Oy verme, demokrasilerin dayandığı en köklü ve en önemli temellerden biridir. Bu nedenle, seçmenlerin oy verme davranışlarını anlamak; adaylar, siyasi partiler ve demokrasinin sağlıklı işlemesi açısından oldukça önem taşır. Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi, seçmenlerin oy verme kararlarını açıklamada sıklıkla kullanılan modellerden biridir. Bu kapsamda, mevcut projede Planlanmış Davranış Teorisinin, Türk seçmenlerin oy verme davranışlarını yeterince açıklayıp açıklayamadığı test edilmektedir. Proje kapsamında, katılımcılara internet üzerinden bir anket uygulanarak oy verme davranışının boyutlarının anlaşılması ve proje bulgularının, yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılarak ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır