Law of denial

Law’s claim of mastery over past political violence is frequently undermined by reversals of that relationship of mastery, so that the violence of the law, and especially its symbolic violence, becomes easily incorporated into longues durées of political violence, rather than mastering them, settling them, or providing closure. Doing justice to the past, therefore, requires a political and theoretical attunement to the ways in which law, in purportedly attempting to address past political violence, inscribes itself into contemporary contexts of violence. While this may be limited to an analysis of how law is an effect of and affects the political, theoretically this attunement can be further refined by means of a critique of dynamics that are internal to law itself and that have to do with how law understands its own historicity, as well as its relationship to history and historiography. This article aims to pursue such a critique, taking as its immediate focus the ECHR case of Perinçek v Switzerland, with occasional forays into debates around the criminalisation of Armenian genocide denialism in France. The Perinçek case concerned Switzerland's criminalisation of the denial of the Armenian genocide, and concluded in 2015 after producing two judgments, first by the Second Chamber, and then by the Grand Chamber of the ECHR. However, although they both found for the applicant, the two benches had very different lines of reasoning, and notably different conceptions regarding the relationship between law and history. I proceed by tracing the shifting status of 'history' and 'historians' in these two judgments, and paying attention to the deferrals, disclaimers and ellipses that structure law's relation to history. This close reading offers the opportunity for a critical reappraisal of the relationship between law, denial and violence: I propose that the symbolic violence of the law operative in memory laws is a product of that which remains unresolved in law's understanding of historicity (including its own), its self-understanding vis-à-vis the task of historiography, and its inability to respond to historical violence without inscribing itself into a history of violence, a process regarding which it remains in denial

Being tolerated and being discriminated against:Links to psychological well-being through threatened social identity needs

We investigated whether and how the experience of being tolerated and of being discriminated against are associated with psychological well‐being in three correlational studies among three stigmatized groups in Turkey (LGBTI group members, people with disabilities, and ethnic Kurds, total N = 862). Perceived threat to social identity needs (esteem, meaning, belonging, efficacy, and continuity) was examined as a mediator in these associations. Structural equation models showed evidence for the detrimental role of both toleration and discrimination experiences on positive and negative psychological well‐being through higher levels of threatened social identity needs. A mini‐meta analysis showed small to moderate effect sizes and toleration was associated with lower positive well‐being through threatened needs among all three stigmatized groups

Conspiracy theory as spatial practice: the case of the Sivas arson attack, Turkey

This article discusses the relationship between conspiratorial thinking and physical space by focusing on the ways conspiracy theories regarding political violence shape and are shaped by the environments in which it is commemorated. Conspiratorial thinking features space as a significant element, but is taken to do so mainly figuratively. In blaming external powers and foreign actors for social ills, conspiracy theorists employ the spatial metaphor of inside versus outside. In perceiving discourses of transparency as the concealment rather than revelation of mechanisms of governance, conspiracy theorists engage the trope of a façade separating the space of power’s formulations from that of its operations. Studying the case of an arson attack dating from 1990s Turkey and its recent commemorations, this article argues that space mediates conspiracy theory not just figuratively but also physically and as such serves to catalyze two of its deadliest characteristics: anonymity and non-linear causality. Attending to this mediation requires a shift of focus from what conspiracy theory is to what it does as a spatial practice

Beyond national narratives? : centenary histories, the First World War and the Armenian Genocide

In April 2015 the centenary of the Armenian Genocide was commemorated. Just like the First World War centenary, this anniversary has provoked a flurry of academic and public interest in what remains a highly contested history. This article assesses the state of the current historiography on the fate of the Ottoman Armenians. It focuses on the possibilities for moving beyond the national narratives which continue to dominate the field, in particular through connecting the case of the Armenian Genocide to what has been termed a ‘transnational turn’ in the writing of the history of the First World War

Egyptian Satirical Graphics on Social Media after the Arab Spring

This paper investigates Egyptian digital forms of satirical graphics mostly published on Social Media by cartoonists and amateurs after the Arab Spring. These include: webcomics memes, and Graphic Interchange Format (GIF). The paper will focus on two Facebook pages as a case study: Asa7be Sarcasm Society and Islam Gawish's Elwarka/The Paper. With this aim in mind, I will show how these forms of political satire incorporate, cinema, theatre, religion, western elements and pan-Arabism to express a political view in a creative manner to appeal to a more diverse and broad audience. The first part of the paper provides a brief discussion of Arabic/Egyptian satire with specific reference to political cartoons and Egyptian youth activism on social media (specifically Facebook). It will also introduce the concept of satirical graphics and some of its concrete applications. The second part describes the methodology and provides an analysis of the case study

Determination Of Interior Daylight Characteristic

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2010Doğal ışığın gündüz kullanılan hacimlerde alternatif bir ışık kaynağı olarak kullanımı, kullanıcı memnuniyetini arttırır ve hacmin enerji performansına katkı sağlar. Bir hacmin günışığı karakteristiğinin belirlenmesi, o hacimde kullanılacak enerji tüketimi açısından en uygun aydınlatma sisteminin belirlenebilmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Önceki yıllarda yapılan bir deneyde, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Elektrik-Elektronik Fakültesi’nde yan yana bulunan ve ofis olarak kullanılan iki odanın farklı noktalarında bulunan algılayıcılar ile aydınlık düzeyi ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, aydınlatma otomatik kontrol sistemi içeren “Test Odası”nın pencere yüzeyi aydınlık düzeyi ile hiçbir otomatik kontrol sistemi içermeyen “Referans Oda”nın hacim iç aydınlık düzeyi arasında bir korelasyon sağlanarak, “Referans Oda” günışığı karakteristiği çıkarılmıştır. Günışığı karakteristiğini etkileyen faktörler ortaya konulmuş ve karakter fonksiyonu hata oranını düşürmek amacı ile iki farklı yöntem uygulanmıştır. Bir binada, odaların iç kısmında ölçülen aydınlık düzeyi verileri ile bina dışında tek bir noktadan alınan dış aydınlık düzeyi verisi arasında korelasyon sağlandığı sürece odaların günışığı karakteristikleri çıkarılabilir. Bir odanın günışığı karakteristiği belirlendikten sonra, aydınlatma sisteminin kontrolü odanın içinde hiçbir algılayıcı kullanmadan tek bir dış aydınlık düzeyi algılayıcısı ile otomatik olarak yapılabilir.Utilization of daylight as an alternative light source in the interior increases user satisfaction and contributes to the energy performance of the interior. Determination of interior daylight characteristics enables the determination of the most convenient lighting system for that interior. The illuminance level data used in this study has been obtained from an experiment carried out in two adjacent offices at Istanbul Technical University’s Electrical and Electronic. In this study, the daylight characteristic of one of the office rooms used in the experiment has obtained by the natural lighting levels. Factors affecting the characteristic of daylight were determined and in order to reduce the error rate of character function was applied two different methods. In this study, for obtaining the interior illuminance level characteristic in relation to the exterior illuminance level, interior illuminance levels have been recorded from a sensor in the interior, and exterior illuminance levels have been taken from a sensor placed in the next room, on the inner surface of a window. As a result of the characteristics obtained, it can be seen that the data from these two sensors are correlated. Thus, in a building, if the measured interior illuminance levels have a correlation with the exterior illuminance levels measured on a single point on the exterior of the building, then the daylight characteristics of these interiors can be calculated. After the daylight characteristic of an interior has been determined, the control of the lighting system can be performed automatically without using any sensors in interior, only sensor on the exterior of the building.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Social boundaries of Ottoman women's experience in eighteenth-century Galata court records.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Madeline C. Zilfi (ed.) Women in the Ottoman Empire-- Leiden: Brill, 1997

Encountering the west: french embassy of yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmet Efendi: 1720-1721.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : IIIrd Congress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey (Princeton University 24-26 August 1983)-- İstanbul: The Isıs Press, 1990