Alimentos balanceados para animales a partir de residuos orgánicos

En esta investigación se encontró un proceso idóneo para la elaboración de alimentos balanceados para animales domésticos y mascotas; cuyo contenido nutricional cumplió con las expectativas de los parámetros establecidos y regidos por la norma 499 de NRC (Comité sobre Nutrición Animal de la Academia Nacional de Ciencia de Estados Unidos – National Research Council), tomando en cuenta primordialmente que el proceso empleado no generara contaminación para el medio ambiente; sino todo lo contrario este alimento utilizó como materia prima los residuos orgánicos (esqueleto de pescado, cascarón de huevo, olote, tortilla), para balancear los constituyentes del producto elaborado. El proyecto de investigación fue realizado en el segundo semestre del 2000 al primer semestre del 2003, tiempo suficiente para probar la eficiencia del alimento elaborado para (pollos); observando el desarrollo de los animales y registrando cada día los cambios en peso presentados en ellos. También se comprobó la hipótesis del trabajo aportando resultados (ver tabla 4), beneficios y conclusione

Synthesis of a One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer of Nickel(II) Complex with a β-Oxodithioester Ligand

Bis-[methyl-1-hydroxy-1-cyclopentene-2-dithiocarboxylate-O,S]nickel(II) 1 was prepared starting from methyl 2-hydroxycyclopent-1-encarbodithioate ligand (CPDT) and Ni(II), and catena-[(μ2-4,4′-Bipyril)-bis-(methyl-2-hydroxy-1-cyclopentene-2-dithiocarboxylate-O,S)]nickel(ΙΙ) 2 was prepared in good yields from 1 plus 4,4′-bipyridyl (bpy) by shish-kebab methodology. The structure of 1 was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, UV–vis in chloroform solution and in solid, XPS, and PXRD. Compound 2 was characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, UV–vis in chloroform solution, and in solid, XPS, PXRD, ESR, and solid state magnetization measurements. The structure of the polymer was established mostly by PXRD, ESR, and magnetization

Synthesis, molecular structure, and spectral analysis of copper(II) complexes derived from pyridinediols

<div><p>A series of mononuclear copper(II) complexes was synthesized by reaction of different 2,6-disubstituted pyridines with elemental Cu in a CCl₄/DMSO solvent system. Physical properties were analyzed using IR, optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and EPR. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for complexes <b>2a</b> and <b>4a</b> revealed that the molecular structure of <b>2a</b> is composed of a six-coordinate unit in which two ligands are linked to Cu(II) by oxygen and nitrogen donors. Conversely, in the molecular structure of <b>4a</b>, the Cu(II) has a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, where the coordination environment around the copper ion is five-coordinate. EPR spectra of Cu(II) complexes were illustrated elaborately and some theoretical data were abstracted from EPR curves to support the proposed structures.</p></div

Caracterización espectroscópica, química y morfológica y propiedades superficiales de una montmorillonita mexicana

Se describe la caracterización mediante técnicas espectroscópicas de una montmorillonita natural colectada en Cuencamé, Durango. La composición de las capas tetraédricas y octaédricas fue analizada por Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de ángulo mágico para los núcleos de 29Si y 27Al. Las propiedades superfi ciales de la arcilla se cuantifi caron utilizando técnicas de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno y mediante la aplicación de los métodos de Brunahuer-Emmett-Teller (BET) y Barrett-Joyner- Halenda (BJH). Los resultados indican que la arcilla analizada es una montmorillonita sódica con una capa molecular de agua adsorbida entre sus láminas, cuyos átomos de Si en la estructura de fi losilicato Q3 presentan diferente composición Si-nAl (n = 0, 1 y 2). El 3.3% de los átomos de Al correspondientes a la estructura se encuentran sustituyendo a los de Si en la capa. La presencia de los iones paramagnéticos Fe+3 y Mn+2 en la montmorillonita fue determinada por resonancia paramagnética electrónica (RPE), después de ser tratada con HCl y CF3SO3H. Adicionalmente, se discuten los resultados adquiridos por las técnicas de absorción atómica, microscopía de barrido electrónico, infrarrojo y análisis térmico gravimétrico

Casiopeinas of Third Generations: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic Activity and Structure&ndash;Activity Relationships of Mixed Chelate Compounds with Bioactive Secondary Ligands

Casiopeinas are a family of copper(II) coordination compounds that have shown an important antineoplastic effect and low toxicity in normal cells. These compounds induce death cells by apoptosis through a catalytic redox process with endogenous reducing agents. Further studies included a structural variation, improving the activity and selectivity in cancer cells or other targets. In the present work we report the third generation, which contains a bioactive monocharged secondary ligand, as well as the design, synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity, of sixteen new copper(II) coordination compounds with curcumin or dimethoxycurcumin as secondary ligands. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, mass spectra with MALDI-flight time, cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Crystallization of two complexes was achieved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with polar solvent, and crystal data demonstrated that a square-based or square-base pyramid geometry are possible. A 1:1:1 stoichiometry (diimine: copper: curcuminoid) ratio and the possibility of a nitrate ion as a counterion were supported. 1H, 13C NMR spectra were used for the ligands. A sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect against two human cancer cell lines, SKLU-1 and HeLa. Electronic descriptors and redox potential were obtained by DFT calculations. Structure&ndash;activity relationships are strongly determined by the redox potential (E1/2) of copper(II) and molar volume (V) of the complexes. These compounds can be used as a template to open a wide field of research both experimentally and theoretically