COVID-19 Infection among Nursing Students in Spain: The Risk Perception, Perceived Risk Factors, Coping Style, Preventive Knowledge of the Disease and Sense of Coherence as Psychological Predictor Variables: A Cross Sectional Survey

The exploration of patterns of health beliefs about COVID-19 among nursing students may be beneficial to identify behaviors, attitudes and knowledge about contagion risk. We sought to analyze the variables of risk perception, perceived risk factors, coping style, sense of coherence and knowledge of preventive measures as possible predictors of having suffered from COVID-19. Participants were nursing students from 13 universities in Spain. Sociodemographic and health variables were collected. To test the independent variables, the Perception Risk Coping Knowledge (PRCK-COVID-19) scale was created and validated because there was no specific survey for young people adapted to the pandemic situation of COVID-19. It was validated with adequate psychometric properties. A total of 1562 students (87.5% female, mean age 21.5 +/- 5.7 years) responded. The high perception of the risk of contagion, the high level of knowledge and a coping style focused on the situation were notable. Significant differences by gender were found in the coping styles, problem-focused, avoidance and knowledge scales, with women scoring higher in all categories. The multiple regression analysis was significant (F = 3.68; p < 0.001). The predictor variables were the coping styles subscale search for support and the intrinsic and extrinsic perceived risk factors. Our model predicts that nursing students with a social support-based coping style are at a higher risk of becoming infected with COVID-19, based on their own health belief model

Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men and Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reviews focused on the ketogenic diet (KD) based on the increase in fat-free mass (FFM) have been carried out with pathological populations or, failing that, without population differentiation. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to verify whether a ketogenic diet without programmed energy restriction generates increases in fat-free mass (FFM) in resistance-trained participants. We evaluated the effect of the ketogenic diet, in conjunction with resistance training, on fat-free mass in trained participants. Boolean algorithms from various databases (PubMed, Scopus. and Web of Science) were used, and a total of five studies were located that related to both ketogenic diets and resistance-trained participants. In all, 111 athletes or resistance-trained participants (87 male and 24 female) were evaluated in the studies analyzed. We found no significant differences between groups in the FFM variables, and more research is needed to perform studies with similar ketogenic diets and control diet interventions. Ketogenic diets, taking into account the possible side effects, can be an alternative for increasing muscle mass as long as energy surplus is generated; however, their application for eight weeks or more without interruption does not seem to be the best option due to the satiety and lack of adherence generated.University of Malaga (Campus of International Excellence Andalucia Tech

Imaginario Social de la Colaboración: Voluntariado y Solidaridad

The reaches of collaboration, though is not a highly thematized concept in the modern world, it is present in our practices and discourses. This paper displays the shapes that social collaboration assumes in daily communication, based on the discourses of those who exercise volunteer work (collaboration in its most visible and practical form).Los alcances de la colaboración, aunque no es un concepto altamente tematizado en el mundo moderno, subyacen a nuestras prácticas y discursos. Esta ponencia muestra las formas que asume la colaboración social en la comunicación cotidiana, basándonos en los discursos de aquellos que ejercen voluntariado (colaboración en su forma más visible y práctica)

La Realidad de lo Improbable: Colaboración, una manifestación social marginal

Contemporary society observes itself as a society in crisis, where individualism is weakening the social bonds. However, we can find important facts of collaborative actions. In this paper we lay out this apparent contradiction and we intend to develop theoretical devices to observe it.La sociedad contemporánea se observa a sí misma como una sociedad en crisis, donde el individualismo estaría debilitando los vínculos sociales. Sin embargo, podemos encontrar importantes manifestaciones de acciones colaborativas. En este artículo problematizamos esta aparente contradicción e intentamos desarrollar herramientas teóricas para observarla

Value contribution of immigrants to society through entrepreneurship

Immigration today is a reality that is transforming the social and economic landscape, particularly in some European developed countries as in Spain. Moreover, Entrepreneurship is considered as a key driver in today‟s economy recovery processes, particularly in relation to the innovative, change searching and opportunity seeker nature of entrepreneurs. Despite these facts, very little academia research has been published to date on the relationship effects between Immigration and Entrepreneurship. The main objective of this article is to analyze the differential values that immigrants introduce in the entrepreneurship process, starting with the motivation and discovery of the opportunity (Fiet and Patel, 2008), business start up (use of resources) and further economic and job creation effects associated to new business developments. Our approach starts with a comprehensive review of the different approaches and definitions associated to Entrepreneurship, considering that this process has not been yet defined as a basic and fundamental term (Fernandez, 2012). This review will be the basis for a wide analysis of immigrant Entrepreneurship reality, including motivations, abilities and specific challenges to achieve success.La inmigración, hoy en día, es una realidad que está transformando el panorama económico y social, particularmente en algunos países europeos desarrollados como España. Además, el emprendimiento está considerado como una pieza clave en el proceso de reconversión económica actual, particularmente en relación a la capacidad de innovación, adaptación al cambio y búsqueda de oportunidades de los emprendedores. A pesar de esto, se han publicado muy pocas investigaciones académicas hasta la fecha sobre la relación entre inmigración y emprendimiento. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar el valor diferencial que los inmigrantes introducen en el proceso de emprendimiento, comenzando por la motivación y la búsqueda de oportunidades (Fiet y Patel, 2008), posibilidades de negocio (uso de recursos), y la promoción económica y de creación de empleo como efectos asociados al desarrollo de nuevos negocios. Nuestra aproximación comienza con una revisión amplia de los diferentes enfoques y definiciones asociadas al emprendimiento, considerando que este proceso todavía no ha sido definido como un término básico y fundamental (Fernández, 2012). Esta revisión será la base para un análisis amplio sobre la realidad del emprendimiento inmigrante, incluyendo motivaciones, habilidades y capacidades específicas para lograr el éxito.pre-print262 K

El valor de la contribución de los inmigrantes a la sociedad a través del emprendimiento

Immigration today is a reality that is transforming the social and economic landscape, particularly in some European developed countries as in Spain. Moreover, Entrepreneurship is considered as a key driver in today‟s economy recovery processes, particularly in relation to the innovative, change searching and opportunity seeker nature of entrepreneurs. Despite these facts, very little academia research has been published to date on the relationship effects between Immigration and Entrepreneurship. The main objective of this article is to analyze the differential values that immigrants introduce in the entrepreneurship process, starting with the motivation and discovery of the opportunity (Fiet and Patel, 2008), business start up (use of resources) and further economic and job creation effects associated to new business developments. Our approach starts with a comprehensive review of the different approaches and definitions associated to Entrepreneurship, considering that this process has not been yet defined as a basic and fundamental term (Fernandez, 2012). This review will be the basis for a wide analysis of immigrant Entrepreneurship reality, including motivations, abilities and specific challenges to achieve success.La inmigración, hoy en día, es una realidad que está transformando el panorama económico y social, particularmente en algunos países europeos desarrollados como España. Además, el emprendimiento está considerado como una pieza clave en el proceso de reconversión económica actual, particularmente en relación a la capacidad de innovación,adaptación al cambio y búsqueda de oportunidades de los emprendedores. A pesar de esto, se han publicado muy pocas investigaciones académicas hasta la fecha sobre la relación entre inmigración y emprendimiento. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar el valor diferencial que los inmigrantes introducen en el proceso de emprendimiento, comenzando por la motivación y la búsqueda de oportunidades (Fiet y Patel, 2008), posibilidades de negocio (uso de recursos), y la promoción económica y de creación de empleo como efectos asociados al desarrollo de nuevos negocios. Nuestra aproximación comienza con una revisión amplia de los diferentes enfoques y definiciones asociadas al emprendimiento, considerando que este proceso todavía no ha sido definido como un término básico y fundamental (Fernández, 2012). Esta revisión será la base para un análisis amplio sobre la realidad del emprendimiento inmigrante, incluyendo motivaciones, habilidades y capacidades específicas para lograr el éxito

Optimal sensing policy for energy harvesting cognitive radio systems

Energy harvesting (EH) emerges as a novel technology to promote green energy policies. Based on Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm, nodes are designed to operate with harvested energy from radio frequency signals. CR-EH systems state several strategies based on sensing and access policies to maximize throughput and protect primary users from interference, simultaneously. However, reported solutions do not consider to maximize detection performance to detect spectrum holes which represent a major drawback whenever available energy is not efficiently used. In this concern, this paper addresses optimal sensing policies based on energy harvesting schemes to maximize probability of detection of available spectrum. These novel policies may be incorporated to previous reported solutions to maximize performance. Optimal processing scheduling schemes are proposed for offline and online scenarios based on convex optimization theory, Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm and heuristic solutions (Constant Power and Greedy policies). Performance of proposed policies are validated by simulations for common detection techniques such as Matched Filter (MF), Quadrature Matched Filter (QMF) and Energy Detector (ED). As a result, it is shown that the best detection scheme theoretically addressed by MF, does not always perform better than the poorest detection scheme, given by the ED, in an energy harvesting scenario.This work has received funding from the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie ETN TeamUp5G, grant agreement No. 813391. Also, this work has been supported in part by the Spanish National Project TERESA-ADA, funded by (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) under grant TEC2017-90093-C3-2-R

La tragedia de ser comunes The tragedy of being common

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la actual crisis de sustentabilidad que vive el planeta y a partir de ello aborda sus causas y la necesidad de cambiar la educación superior, proponiendo algunas ideas rspecto a como debe ser la educación que entregue la universidad en el futuro

Burnout in Palliative Care Nurses, Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Palliative care nurses are exposed to hard situations, death, and duel feelings in their daily practice. These, and other work stressors, can favor burnout development. Thus, it is important to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of burnout in palliative care nurses and estimate its prevalence. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done with quantitative primary studies. n = 15 studies were included with n = 6 studies including information for the meta-analysis. The meta-analytic prevalence estimation of emotional exhaustion was 24% (95% CI 16–34%), for depersonalization was 30% (95% CI 18–44%) and for low personal accomplishment was 28% with a sample of n = 693 palliative care nurses. The main variables related with burnout are occupational variables followed by psychological variables. Some interventions to improve working conditions of palliative care nurses should be implemented to reduce burnout

Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors among Patients with Chronic Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The management of chronic diseases in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially challenging, and reducing potential psychological harm is essential. This review aims to determine the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with chronic disease, and to characterize the impacts of related factors. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software. The review identified 33 articles with a total of 50,905 patients with chronic diseases. Four meta-analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of depression. In diabetic patients, the prevalence ranged from 17% (95% CI = 7–31) (PHQ-9) to 33% (95% CI = 16–51) (PHQ-8); in obese patients, the prevalence was 48% (95% CI = 26–71); and in hypertensive patients, the prevalence was 18% (95% CI = 13–24). The factors significantly associated with depression were female sex, being single, deterioration in the clinical parameters of diabetes, a decrease in self-care behavior, reduced physical activity and sleep time and fear of contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased levels of depression among persons with chronic disease. Pandemics and other emergency events have a major impact on mental health, so early psychological interventions and health management policies are needed to reinforce chronic patients’ physical and mental health