Differential protein expression analysis of several assemblages of giardia intestinalis

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Differential protein expression analysis to study the pathogenicity of the protozoa parasite Trichomonas Gallinae

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The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System

[EN] Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor clinical alterations among others. Postural problems have serious consequences for patients, not only limiting their daily life but also increasing some risks, like the risk of fall. Inadequate postural control and postural instability is a major problem in PD patients. A Virtual Motor Rehabilitation System (VMR) has been tested in patients with PD in the intervention period. Our pur-pose was to analyze the evolution of the spatial postural control during the intervention period, to see if there are any changes caused precisely by this intervention. Methods: Ten people with PD carried out 15 virtual rehabilitation sessions. We tested a groundbreaking system based on Virtual Motor Rehabilitation in two periods of time (baseline evaluation and final evaluation). In the training sessions, the participants performed a customizable treatment using a low-cost system, the Active Balance Rehabilitation system (ABAR). We stored the pressure performed by the participants every five hundredths of a second, and we analyzed the patients' pressure when they maintained their body on the left, on the right, and in the center in sitting position. Our system was able to measure postural control in every patient in each of the virtual rehabilitation sessions. Results: There are no significant differences in the performance of postural control in any of the positions evaluated throughout the sessions. Moreover, the results show a trend to an improvement in all positions. This improvement is especially remarkable in the left/right positions, which are the most important positions in order to avoid problems such as the risk of fall. With regard to the suitability of the ABAR system, we have found outstanding results in enjoyment, success, clarity, and helpfulness. Conclusions: Although PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the results demonstrate that patients with PD maintain or even improve their postural control in all positions. We think that the main factor influencing these results is that patients use more of their available cognitive processing to improve their postural control. The ABAR system allows us to make this assumption because the system requires the continuous attention of patients, promoting cognitive processing.This contribution was partially funded by the Gobierno de Aragon, Departamento de Industria e Innovacion, y Fondo Social Europeo "Construyendo Europa desde Aragon" and by the Programa Ibercaja-CAI de Estancias de Investigacion.Albiol-Perez, S.; Gil-Gómez, J.; Muñoz-Tomás, M.; Gil Gómez, H.; Vial Escolano, R.; Lozano Quilis, JA. (2017). The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System. Methods of Information in Medicine. 56(2):138-144. https://doi.org/10.3414/ME16-02-0004S138144562Schwartze, M., & Kotz, S. A. (2016). Regional Interplay for Temporal Processing in Parkinson’s Disease: Possibilities and Challenges. Frontiers in Neurology, 6. doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00270Nussbaum RL, Ellis CE. Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(14): 1356-1364. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(25): 2588Pringsheim, T., Jette, N., Frolkis, A., & Steeves, T. D. L. (2014). The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement Disorders, 29(13), 1583-1590. doi:10.1002/mds.25945De Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M. (2006). Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. The Lancet Neurology, 5(6), 525-535. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9King, L. A., Priest, K. C., Nutt, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Melnick, M., & Horak, F. (2014). Comorbidity and Functional Mobility in Persons with Parkinson Disease. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(11), 2152-2157. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.396Von Campenhausen, S., Bornschein, B., Wick, R., Bötzel, K., Sampaio, C., Poewe, W., … Dodel, R. (2005). Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson’s disease in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(4), 473-490. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007Muangpaisan, W., Hori, H., & Brayne, C. (2009). Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Incidence of Parkinson’s Disease in Asia. Journal of Epidemiology, 19(6), 281-293. doi:10.2188/jea.je20081034Dorsey, E. R., Constantinescu, R., Thompson, J. P., Biglan, K. M., Holloway, R. G., Kieburtz, K., … Tanner, C. M. (2006). Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030. Neurology, 68(5), 384-386. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247740.47667.03Chaudhuri, K. R., Odin, P., Antonini, A., & Martinez-Martin, P. (2011). Parkinson’s disease: The non-motor issues. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 17(10), 717-723. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.02.018Jankovic, J. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045Weintraub, D., Moberg, P. J., Duda, J. E., Katz, I. R., & Stern, M. B. (2004). Effect of Psychiatric and Other Nonmotor Symptoms on Disability in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(5), 784-788. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52219.xOndo, W. G., Dat Vuong, K., Khan, H., Atassi, F., Kwak, C., & Jankovic, J. (2001). Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 57(8), 1392-1396. doi:10.1212/wnl.57.8.1392Shulman, L. M., Taback, R. L., Bean, J., & Weiner, W. J. (2001). Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 16(3), 507-510. doi:10.1002/mds.1099Nolano, M., Provitera, V., Estraneo, A., Selim, M. M., Caporaso, G., Stancanelli, A., … Santoro, L. (2008). Sensory deficit in Parkinson’s disease: evidence of a cutaneous denervation. Brain, 131(7), 1903-1911. doi:10.1093/brain/awn102Micieli G, Tosi P, Marcheselli S, Cavallini A. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci. 2003; 24 Suppl 1: S32-34Salat-Foix, D., & Suchowersky, O. (2012). The management of gastrointestinal symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(2), 239-248. doi:10.1586/ern.11.192Nombela, C., Bustillo, P. J., Castell, P. F., Sanchez, L., Medina, V., & Herrero, M. T. (2011). Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: Evidence from Neuroimaging. Frontiers in Neurology, 2. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00082Poletti, M., De Rosa, A., & Bonuccelli, U. (2012). Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 317(1-2), 97-102. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.022Sotgiu, S., Pugliatti, M., Sotgiu, M. A., Fois, M. L., Arru, G., Sanna, A., & Rosati, G. (2005). Seasonal fluctuation of multiple sclerosis births in Sardinia. Journal of Neurology, 253(1), 38-44. doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0917-6FAHN, S. (2006). Description of Parkinson’s Disease as a Clinical Syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 991(1), 1-14. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.xCamara, C., Isasi, P., Warwick, K., Ruiz, V., Aziz, T., Stein, J., & Bakštein, E. (2015). Resting tremor classification and detection in Parkinson’s disease patients. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 16, 88-97. doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2014.09.006Deuschl, G., Bain, P., & Brin, M. (2008). Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Movement Disorders, 13(S3), 2-23. doi:10.1002/mds.870131303Massano, J., & Bhatia, K. P. (2012). Clinical Approach to Parkinson’s Disease: Features, Diagnosis, and Principles of Management. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2(6), a008870-a008870. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008870Salarian, A., Russmann, H., Wider, C., Burkhard, P. R., Vingerhoets, F. J. G., & Aminian, K. (2007). Quantification of Tremor and Bradykinesia in Parkinson’s Disease Using a Novel Ambulatory Monitoring System. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 54(2), 313-322. doi:10.1109/tbme.2006.886670Dai, H., Zhang, P., & Lueth, T. (2015). Quantitative Assessment of Parkinsonian Tremor Based on an Inertial Measurement Unit. Sensors, 15(10), 25055-25071. doi:10.3390/s151025055Findley, L. J., Gresty, M. A., & Halmagyi, G. M. (1981). Tremor, the cogwheel phenomenon and clonus in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 44(6), 534-546. doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.6.534Berardelli, A. (2001). Pathophysiology of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 124(11), 2131-2146. doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2131Bronnick, K. (2006). Attentional deficits affect activities of daily living in dementia-associated with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 77(10), 1136-1142. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.093146Horak FB. Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age Ageing. 2006; 35 Suppl 2: ii7-ii11Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson’s Disease. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2003; 18(7): 738-750. Available from: http://img.medscape.com/fullsize/701/816/58977_UPDRS.pdfGoetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., Stebbins, G. T., Fahn, S., Martinez-Martin, P., … LaPelle, N. (2008). Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129-2170. doi:10.1002/mds.22340Dibble, L. E., Hale, T. F., Marcus, R. L., Gerber, J. P., & LaStayo, P. C. (2009). High intensity eccentric resistance training decreases bradykinesia and improves quality of life in persons with Parkinson’s disease: A preliminary study. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 15(10), 752-757. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.04.009Dibble, L. E., Hale, T. F., Marcus, R. L., Droge, J., Gerber, J. P., & LaStayo, P. C. (2006). High-intensity resistance training amplifies muscle hypertrophy and functional gains in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 21(9), 1444-1452. doi:10.1002/mds.20997McIntosh, G. C., Brown, S. H., Rice, R. R., & Thaut, M. H. (1997). Rhythmic auditory-motor facilitation of gait patterns in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 62(1), 22-26. doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.1.22Deane KH, Jones D, Playford ED, Ben-Shlomo Y, Clarke CE. Physiotherapy for patients with Parkinson’s Disease: a comparison of techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (3): CD002817Albiol-Pérez S, Lozano-Quilis JA, Gil-Gómez H, Gil-Gómez JA, Llorens R. Virtual rehabilitation system for people with Parkinson disease. 9th Intl Conf. Disability, Virtual Reality & Associated Technologies, Laval, France; 2012Mendes, F. A. dos S., Pompeu, J. E., Lobo, A. M., da Silva, K. G., Oliveira, T. de P., Zomignani, A. P., & Piemonte, M. E. P. (2012). Motor learning, retention and transfer after virtual-reality-based training in Parkinson’s disease – effect of motor and cognitive demands of games: a longitudinal, controlled clinical study. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 217-223. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.001Saposnik, G., & Levin, M. (2011). Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation. Stroke, 42(5), 1380-1386. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.605451Lozano-Quilis, J.-A., Gil-Gómez, H., Gil-Gómez, J.-A., Albiol-Pérez, S., Palacios-Navarro, G., Fardoun, H. M., & Mashat, A. S. (2014). Virtual Rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis Using a Kinect-Based System: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games, 2(2), e12. doi:10.2196/games.2933Badarny, S., Aharon-Peretz, J., Susel, Z., Habib, G., & Baram, Y. (2014). Virtual Reality Feedback Cues for Improvement of Gait in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, 4(0), 225. doi:10.5334/tohm.192Ehgoetz Martens, K. A., Ellard, C. G., & Almeida, Q. J. (2014). Does manipulating the speed of visual flow in virtual reality change distance estimation while walking in Parkinson’s disease? Experimental Brain Research, 233(3), 787-795. doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4154-zAlbiol-Perez, S., Gil-Gomez, J.-A., Llorens, R., Alcaniz, M., & Font, C. C. (2014). The Role of Virtual Motor Rehabilitation: A Quantitative Analysis Between Acute and Chronic Patients With Acquired Brain Injury. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 18(1), 391-398. doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2272101Forcano-García, M., Muñoz-Tomás, M. T., Manzano-Fernández, P., Solsona-Hernández, S., Mashat, M. A., Gil-Gómez, J. A., & Albiol-Pérez, S. (2015). A Novel Virtual Motor Rehabilitation System for Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Methods of Information in Medicine, 54(02), 127-134. doi:10.3414/me14-02-0002Gil-Gómez, J.-A., Lloréns, R., Alcañiz, M., & Colomer, C. (2011). Effectiveness of a Wii balance board-based system (eBaViR) for balance rehabilitation: a pilot randomized clinical trial in patients with acquired brain injury. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 8(1), 30. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-8-30Muñoz Tomás, M. T., Gil Gómez, J. A., Gil Gómez, H., Lozano Quillis, J. A., Albiol-Pérez, S., & Forcano García, M. (2013). Suitability of virtual rehabilitation for elderly: A study of a virtual rehabilitation system using the SEQ. European Geriatric Medicine, 4, S109. doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.358Pompeu, J. E., Mendes, F. A. dos S., Silva, K. G. da, Lobo, A. M., Oliveira, T. de P., Zomignani, A. P., & Piemonte, M. E. P. (2012). Effect of Nintendo Wii™-based motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A randomised clinical trial. Physiotherapy, 98(3), 196-204. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2012.06.004Pompeu, J. E., Arduini, L. A., Botelho, A. R., Fonseca, M. B. F., Pompeu, S. M. A. A., Torriani-Pasin, C., & Deutsch, J. E. (2014). Feasibility, safety and outcomes of playing Kinect Adventures!™ for people with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. Physiotherapy, 100(2), 162-168. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2013.10.003Summa, S., Basteris, A., Betti, E., & Sanguineti, V. (2013). A feasibility study on using kinect™ for the rehabilitation in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Gait & Posture, 37, S15. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.12.040Herz, N. B., Mehta, S. H., Sethi, K. D., Jackson, P., Hall, P., & Morgan, J. C. (2013). Nintendo Wii rehabilitation («Wii-hab») provides benefits in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 19(11), 1039-1042. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.014Holmes, J. D., Jenkins, M. E., Johnson, A. M., Hunt, M. A., & Clark, R. A. (2012). Validity of the Nintendo Wii® balance board for the assessment of standing balance in Parkinson’s disease. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(4), 361-366. doi:10.1177/0269215512458684Mhatre, P. V., Vilares, I., Stibb, S. M., Albert, M. V., Pickering, L., Marciniak, C. M., … Toledo, S. (2013). Wii Fit Balance Board Playing Improves Balance and Gait in Parkinson Disease. PM&R, 5(9), 769-777. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.05.019Plotnik, M., Roggen, D., Giladi, N., Hausdorff, J. M., Tröster, G., & Bächlin, M. (2010). A Wearable System to Assist Walking of Parkinson´s Disease Patients. Methods of Information in Medicine, 49(01), 88-95. doi:10.3414/me09-02-0003Rigas, G., Tzallas, A. T., Tsipouras, M. G., Bougia, P., Tripoliti, E. E., Baga, D., … Konitsiotis, S. (2012). Assessment of Tremor Activity in the Parkinson’s Disease Using a Set of Wearable Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 16(3), 478-487. doi:10.1109/titb.2011.2182616Duval, C. (2006). Rest and postural tremors in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Brain Research Bulletin, 70(1), 44-48. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.11.010The World Medical Association Ethics Unit. Declaration of Helsinki. Available from: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). «Mini-mental state». Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6Collin, C., Wade, D. T., Davies, S., & Horne, V. (1988). The Barthel ADL Index: A reliability study. International Disability Studies, 10(2), 61-63. doi:10.3109/09638288809164103Lawton, M. P. (1975). The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A Revision. 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NL mind-best: aweb server for ligands and proteins discovery; theoretic experimental study of proteins of giardia lamblia

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Exploring the key drivers of riparian woodland successional pathways across three European river reaches

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Muñoz-Mas, R., V. Garófano-Gómez, I. Andrés-Doménech, D. Corenblit, G. Egger, F. Francés, M.T. Ferreira, et al. 2017. ¿Exploring the Key Drivers of Riparian Woodland Successional Pathways across Three European River Reaches.¿ Ecohydrology 10 (8). Wiley: e1888. doi:10.1002/eco.1888, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1888. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Climate change and river regulation are negatively impacting riparian vegetation. To evaluate these impacts, process-based models are preferred over data-driven approaches. However, they require extensive knowledge about ecohydrological processes. To facilitate the implementation of such process-based models, the key drivers of riparian woodland successional pathways across three river reaches, in Austria, Portugal, and Spain, were explored, employing two complementary approaches. The principal component analyses highlighted the importance of the physical gradients determining the placement of the succession phases within the riparian and floodplain zones. The generalized additive models revealed that the initial and pioneer succession phases, characteristic of the colonization stage, appeared in areas highly morphodynamic, close in height and distance to the water table, and with coarse substrate, whereas elder phases within the transitional and mature stages showed incremental differences, occupying less dynamic areas with finer substrate. The Austrian site fitted well the current successional theory (elder phases appearing sequentially further up and distant), but at the Portuguese site, the tolerance of the riparian species to drought and flash flood events governed their placement. Finally, at the Spanish site, the patchy distribution of the elder phases was the remnants of formative events that reshaped the river channel. These results highlight the complex relationships between flow regime, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation. The use of succession phases, which rely on the sequential evolution of riparian vegetation as a response to different drivers, may be potentially better reproducible, within numerical process-based models, and transferable to other geographical regions.This work was supported by the IWRM Era-NET Funding Initiative through the RIPFLOW project (references ERACCT-2005-026025, ERA-IWRM/0001/2008, CGL2008-03076-E/BTE), http://www.old.iwrm-net.eu/spip.php, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project SCARCE (Consolider¿Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065), and by the project ¿Natural and anthropogenic changes in Mediterranean river drainage basins: historical impacts on rivers morphology, sedimentary flows and vegetation¿ of the Spanish MINECO (CGL2013-44917-R). Virginia Garófano-Gómez received a postdoctoral grant from the Université Blaise Pascal (now: Université Clermont Auvergne). Rui Rivaes benefited from a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/52515/2014) sponsored by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) under the FCT PhD programme FLUVIO¿River Restoration and Management. Patricia María Rodríguez González was funded by FCT through an SFRH/BPD/47140/2008 postdoctoral fellowship and through an FCT Investigator Programme grant (IF/00059/2015). The authors also thank all the colleagues and master students who contributed enthusiastically to the field campaigns of this study.Muñoz Mas, R.; Garófano-Gómez, V.; Andrés Doménech, I.; Corenblit, D.; Egger, G.; Francés, F.; Ferreira, M.... (2017). Exploring the key drivers of riparian woodland successional pathways across three European river reaches. Ecohydrology. 10(8):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1888S11910

Important pharmacogenetic information for drugs prescribed during the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)

In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 pandemic began, causing the coronavirus disease 2019. A vast variety of drugs is being used off-label as potential therapies. Many of the repurposed drugs have clinical pharmacogenetic guidelines available with therapeutic recommendations when prescribed as indicated on the drug label. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of pharmacogenetic biomarkers available for these drugs, which may help to prescribe them more safelyM.N.-G. is co-financed by the European Social Fund and the Youth European Initiative; grant number PEJ-2018-TL/BMD-1108

Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: A cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639