La piramide del estilo de vida saludable para niños y adolescentes

Introduction: Increasing evidence demonstrates that risk factors for chronic diseases are established during childhood and adolescence. Consensus about the need to increase prevention efforts makes the adoption of a healthy lifestyle seem desirable from early childhood onwards. After reviewing educational tools for children and adolescents aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, it was recognized that there was a need to develop a simple educational tool specifically designed for these age groups. Methods: Development of the healthy lifestyle pyramid for children and adolescents. Results: We propose a three-dimensional, truncated and staggered pyramid with 4 faces and a base, which introduces a completely new concept that goes beyond other published pyramids. Each of the faces is oriented towards achieving a different goal. Two faces (faces 1 and 2) are formulated around achieving a goal on a daily basis (daily food intake, face 1, and daily activities, face 2). Face 3 is an adaptation of the traditional food guide pyramid, adapted to children’s energy, nutritional and hydration needs. Face 4 deals with both daily and life-long habits. On the base of the pyramid, there is advice about adequate nutrition alternating with advice about physical activity and sports. Conclusion: The Healthy Lifestyle Pyramid© is specifically developed for children and adolescents according to current scientific knowledge and evidence-based data and includes easy-to-follow advice and full colour pictures. Following these guidelines should improve health and reduce risk factors, promoting enjoyable and appropriate development towards adulthood.Introducción: En la actualidad, existe evidencia científica de que los factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas se establecen durante la infancia y la adolescencia. La adopción de un estilo de vida saludable parece deseable desde edades tempranas existiendo un consenso cada vez mayor hacia la prevención. Al revisar las herramientas educativas existentes para niños y adolescentes dirigidas a la mejora de la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable, se advirtió de la necesidad de desarrollar un instrumento educativo desarrollado específicamente para estos grupos de edad. Métodos: Desarrollo de la pirámide de estilo de vida saludable para los niños y adolescentes. Resultados: Nuestra propuesta trata de una pirámide tridimensional con 4 caras y una base, truncada y escalonada, introduciendo un nuevo concepto que va más allá de lo publicado en otras pirámides. Cada una de las caras se orienta hacia la consecución de un objetivo. Las dos primeras caras (caras 1 y 2) se han formulado con el fin de lograr un objetivo sobre una base diaria (alimentación diaria, la cara 1, frente a las actividades diarias la cara 2). La Cara 3 es una adaptación de la tradicional pirámide de alimentos, adecuada a las necesidades de energía, nutrientes e hidratación de los niños. La Cara 4 muestra los hábitos de higiene y salud que se deben mantener durante toda la vida. En la base de la pirámide, se alternan mensajes sobre la nutrición adecuada con mensajes relacionados con la actividad física y el deporte. Conclusión: La Pirámide del Estilo de Vida Saludable© se ha desarrollado específicamente para niños y adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta los actuales conocimientos científicos. Incluye mensajes fáciles de entender e imágenes a todo color. El seguimiento de estas directrices debería contribuir a mejorar la salud y a la reducción de los factores de riesgo en la edad adulta, al tiempo que se divierten y crecen de una manera aconsejable.The pyramid has been edited with the support of Coca-Cola España. The pyramid can be downloaded at EXERNET (www.spanishexernet.com), supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education. Reproduction permitted with the citation of this article

Internal and external variability in regional simulations of the Iberian Peninsula climate over the last millennium

In this study we analyse the role of internal variability in regional climate simulations through a comparison of two regional paleoclimate simulations for the last millennium. They share the same external forcings and model configuration, differing only in the initial condition used to run the driving global model simulation. A comparison of these simulations allows us to study the role of internal variability in climate models at regional scales, and how it affects the long-term evolution of climate variables such as temperature and precipitation. The results indicate that, although temperature is homogeneously sensitive to the effect of external forcings, the evolution of precipitation is more strongly governed by random unpredictable internal dynamics. There are, however, some areas where the role of internal variability is lower than expected, allowing precipitation to respond to the external forcings. In this respect, we explore the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for it. This study identifies areas, depending on the season, in which a direct comparison between model simulations of precipitation and climate reconstructions would be meaningful, but also other areas where good agreement between them should not be expected even if both are perfect

Nonsurgical Procedures for Keratoconus Management

Objectives. To describe the past 20 years’ correction modalities for keratoconus and their visual outcomes and possible complications. Methods. A review of the published literature related to the visual outcomes and possible complications in the context of keratoconus management using nonsurgical procedures for the last 20 years (glasses and contact lenses) was performed. Original articles that reported the outcome of any correction modalities of keratoconus management were reviewed. Results. The most nonsurgical procedure used on keratoconus management is the contact lens fitting. Soft contact lenses and soft toric contact lenses, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, piggyback contact lens system, hybrid contact lenses, and scleral and corneoscleral contact lenses form the contemporary range of available lens types for keratoconus management with contact lenses. All of them try to restore the vision, improve the quality of life, and delay surgical procedures in patients with this disease. Complications are derived from the intolerance of using contact lens, and the use of each depends on keratoconus severity. Conclusions. In the context of nonsurgical procedures, the use of contact lenses for the management of keratoconic patients represents a good alternative to restore vision and improve the quality of live in this population

Interactive Graphic Simulation: An Advanced Methodology to Improve the Teaching-Learning Process in Nuclear Engineering Education and Training

Nowadays, computer simulators are becoming basic tools for education and training in many engineering fields. In the nuclear industry, the role of simulation for training of operators of nuclear power plants is also recognized of the utmost relevance. As an example, the International Atomic Energy Agency sponsors the development of nuclear reactor simulators for education, and arranges the supply of such simulation programs. Aware of this, in 2008 Gas Natural Fenosa, a Spanish gas and electric utility that owns and operate nuclear power plants and promotes university education in the nuclear technology field, provided the Department of Nuclear Engineering of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid with the Interactive Graphic Simulator (IGS) of “José Cabrera” (Zorita) nuclear power plant, an industrial facility whose commercial operation ceased definitively in April 2006. It is a state-of-the-art full-scope real-time simulator that was used for training and qualification of the operators of the plant control room, as well as to understand and analyses the plant dynamics, and to develop, qualify and validate its emergency operating procedures

Application of Multi-core and GPU Architectures on Signal Processing: Case Studies

In this article part of the techniques and developments we are carrying out within the INCO2 group are reported. Results follow the interdisciplinary approach with which we tackle signal processing applications. Chosen case studies show different stages of development: We present algorithms already completed which are being used in practical applications as well as new ideas that may represent a starting point, and which are expected to deliver good results in a short and medium term

Influencia de los forzamientos externos en los tipos de circulación sobre la Península Ibérica en el último milenio

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012.[ES]Nuestro estudio analiza la evolución de la frecuencia de los principales TCs obtenidos para invierno y verano, mediante una simulación paleoclimática llevada a cabo para el último milenio con una versión climática del modelo MM5 sobre Europa y la Penísula Ibérica (PI). La simulación incluye tres forzamientos externos diferentes: Gases de Efecto Invernadero (período industrial), actividad volcánica (máximo entorno a 1810) y radiación solar (mínimo hacia 1700). Para la caracterización de los TCs se utilizaron datos diarios de Presión a Nivel del Mar y Geopotencial a 500 hPa sobre una ventana que cubre la PI.[EN]This study analyses the behavior in the frequency of the main CTs obtained for winter and summer from a paleosimulation performed for Europe and the Iberian Peninsula for the last millennium (1001- 1990) using a climate version of MM5. The simulation includes three kind of external forcings: Greenhouse Gases (industrial period), volcanic activity (maximun near 1810) and solar activity (minimun around 1700). For the characterization of the CTs were employed daily data of Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and Geopotential Height at 500 hPa Level of a window that covers the Iberian Peninsula (IP)

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Altres ajuts: Royal Society of New Zealand - Marsden (E2987-3648) ; Obra Social La Caixa (RecerCaixa call 2013) ; Obra Social Sant Joan de Déu BML (RTI2018-100927-J-I00) ; Ministerio Regional de Salud AndaluzDeficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex diferences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with frst-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profle analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specifc male profle characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specifc female profle characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profle seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological defcits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may beneft from specifc targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions

What fuels suboptimal care of peripheral intravenous catheter-related infections in hospitals? A qualitative study of decision-making among Spanish nurses

Availability of data and materials: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.Copyright . Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are commonly used in hospital worldwide. However, PIVC are not exempt from complications. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) increase morbidity and mortality rates, and costs for the healthcare organization. PIVC care is shaped by the complex mix of professional and organizational culture, such as knowledge gaps, low perception of impact of PIVCs on patient safety, or lack of hospital guidelines. Aim: To explore determinants of decision-making about the prevention of PIVC-BSI among nurses in Spanish hospitals. Methods: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured interviews in three public hospitals, the Balearic Islands Health Care Service in Spain. We considered hospital ward nurses working routinely with inpatients at any of the three hospitals for enrolment in the study. We approached relevant informants to identify suitable participants who recruited other participants through a ‘snowball’ technique. Fourteen inpatient nurses from the hospital took part in this study between September and November 2018. We employed several triangulation strategies to underpin the methodological rigour of our analysis and conducted the member checking, showing the information and codes applied in the recording of the interviews to identify the coherence and any discrepancies of the discourse by participants. We used the COREQ checklist for this study. Findings: We identified four major themes in the analysis related to determinants of care: The fog of decision-making in PIVC; The taskification of PIVC care; PIVC care is accepted to be suboptimal, yet irrelevant; and chasms between perceived determinants of poor PIVC care and its solutions. Conclusion: The clinical management of PIVCs appear ambiguous, unclear, and fragmented, with no clear professional responsibility and no nurse leadership, causing a gap in preventing infections. Furthermore, the perception of low risk on PIVC care impact can cause a relevant lack of adherence to the best evidence and patient safety. Implementing facilitation strategies could improve the fidelity of the best available evidence regarding PIVC care and raise awareness among nurses of impact that excellence of care.The College of Nurses of the Balearic Islands under Grant Number PI2018/0286

Application of peer-reviewing methodology in bilingual teaching

Este proyecto ha aplicado la metodología de revisión por pares para evaluar y mejorar la docencia en inglés de distintas asignaturas dentro del plan de bilingüismo de la Universidad de Córdoba. Se ha realizado la evaluación por parte de compañeros, la grabación de algunas clases, y una serie de sesiones presenciales en las que se han discutido los resultados y planteado puntos de mejora.This project has applied the peer-review procedure to a group of professors teaching in the frame of the “Bilingualism Plan” of the University of Córdoba. Such lectures are taught entirely in English language. The Professors have evaluated each other after attending certain teaching sessions. A series of meetings for discussing the results have allowed concluding a number of recommendation points for improving the teaching in English language

Incidence, clinical characteristics and management of inflammatory bowel disease in Spain: large-scale epidemiological study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD—Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)—during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100, 000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31–56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland